Kugamuchirwa kunyika yeChiedza Emitting Diodes (LEDs), uko kushanda kwesimba kunosangana nekuvhenekera.

Ma LED akashandura mabatiro atinoita dzimba dzedu, mahofisi, nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Iine chiedza chakajeka, chinogara kwenguva refu, uye chinoramba chiripo. Aya mashura madiki abva kure. Uye izvi ndizvo izvo zvinoita kuti ma LED ave akakodzera kutsiva echinyakare incandescent bulbs uye fluorescent chubhu. Inogona kubva kune madiki ma LED anovhenekera mafoni edu kune hofori ye LED skrini inotipenya mu Times Square.

Iri gwara rakazara rinoongorora zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve LEDs. Iwe unozodzidza nezve nhoroondo yavo, misimboti yekushanda, mashandisirwo, uye mabhenefiti. Saka, ungave uri mainjiniya, mugadziri wemwenje, kana mutengi anoda kuziva, sunga bhandi repachigaro chako uye gadzirira kuvhenekerwa!

Chii Chinonzi Chiedza Emitting Diodes (LEDs)?

Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) madiki semiconductor midziyo. Dzinoburitsa chiedza kana mhepo yemagetsi yapfuura nemazviri. Kusiyana neizvi, magirobhu echinyakare incandescent anogadzira chiedza nekudziisa waya filament. Ma LED anovimba nekufamba kwemaerekitironi mune semiconductor zvinhu kugadzira chiedza.

Ma LED anouya mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kubva kutsvuku uye girini kusvika kubhuruu nechena. Uyezve, ma LED anopa akawanda mabhenefiti pamusoro pechinyakare mwenje matekinoroji. Zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwesimba, hupenyu hurefu, uye hukuru hudiki. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ivo vakawedzera mukurumbira mumhando dzakasiyana dzekushandisa. LED yakafukidza zvese kubva pakuvheneka uye zviratidziro kuenda kumotokari uye tekinoroji yemuchadenga.

Pfupi Nhoroondo ye LEDs

Chiedza-emitting diodes (LEDs) anowanikwa kwose kwose muupenyu hwedu hwemazuva ano. Anoshandiswa mune zvese kubva kumarobhoti kusvika kune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Kunyangwe yekuvhenekesa imba uye mota mahedhifoni. Asi nhoroondo yavo inodzokera kumashure kwekutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20.

Muna 1907, musayendisiti wokuBritain HJ Round akawana chiitiko chinonzi electroluminescence. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuburitsa chiedza kana magetsi achipfuura nemazviri. Kushanda kwekushandisa kwe electroluminescence hakuna kukura kusvika 1960.

Mumakumi mashoma emakore akatevera, vaongorori vakaramba vachivandudza tekinoroji ye LED. Vakagadzira mavara matsva uye vakawedzera kupenya kwavo. Ma LED egirinhi nebhuruu akavepo muma1990 mushure meyero maLED muma1970. Muna 2014, vatsvakurudzi veYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Santa Barbara, vakagadzira LED chena. Yakashandura indasitiri yemwenje.

Nhasi, ma LED anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mwenje, zviratidziro, uye michina yekurapa. Iwo anogara kwenguva refu uye ane simba-akawanda kupfuura akajairwa incandescent bulbs. Izvi zvinovaita sarudzo yakakurumbira yevatengi nemabhizinesi.

Zvakanakira LED Mwenje

Mwenje we LED unopa zvakati wandei zvakanakira pane mamwe marudzi ekuvhenekesa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwesimba, kuchengetedza mari, mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza, kusimba, uye dhizaini yakasiyana-siyana. Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora zvakanakira izvi zvakadzama.

Kushanda Kwesimba uye Kuchengetedza Mutengo

Imwe yemabhenefiti akakosha ekuvhenekesa kwe LED ndiko kugona kwayo kwesimba. Ma LED anoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura ma-incandescent bulbs kana mwenje wefluorescent. Nokuti vanoshandisa simba shoma kuti vagadzire chiedza chakafanana. Zvichireva, mwenje we LED unogona kukuchengetedza mari yakawanda pamabhiri emagetsi. Saka, unogona kuzvishandisa kazhinji.

Sekureva kweDhipatimendi reMagetsi reUS, mwenje we LED unogona kushandisa kusvika 75% mashoma simba pane incandescent bulbs. Inotorawo ka25 nguva refu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pamusoro pehupenyu hwegirobhu re LED, unogona kuchengetedza mazana emadhora mumitengo yemagetsi. Uyezve, magetsi e LED anogadzira kupisa kushoma. Saka, ivo vanonyanya kushanda pakushandura simba kuita chiedza uye kwete kutambisa kupisa.

Environmental Benefits

Imwe bhenefiti yakakosha yekuvhenekesa kwe LED ndeye mabhenefiti ayo ezvakatipoteredza. Ma LED ane eco-hushamwari uye ane yakaderera kabhoni tsoka pane yechinyakare mwenje matekinoroji. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti vanopedza simba shoma, zvichireva kuti simba shoma rinoda kugadzirwa kuti rivape simba.

Pamusoro pezvo, maLED haana chero zvinhu zvine ngozi senge mercury. Izvi zvinowanikwa mumarambi efluorescent. Zvinoreva kuti ma LED akachengeteka kune zvakatipoteredza. Zvakare, zviri nyore kurasa pane zvechinyakare mwenje matekinoroji.

Kugadzikana uye Hurefu

Mwenje ye LED inogara yakasimba uye inogara kwenguva refu. Ma LED anogadzirwa kubva kuzvinhu zvakasimba. Uye hadzina chero filaments kana machubhu, zvichiita kuti isanyanya kutsemuka kana kutsemuka. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kuti zvishandiswe munzvimbo dzekunze kana nzvimbo dzine njodzi yekukanganisa kana kudedera.

Ma LED ane zvakare hupenyu hurefu kupfuura echinyakare mwenje matekinoroji. Vanogona kupedza kusvika maawa 50,000. Izvi zvakanyanya kureba kupfuura incandescent bulbs kana fluorescent mwenje. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kuchengetedza mari pakutsiva uye mari yekugadzirisa nekufamba kwenguva.

Dhizaini Kuita

Zvakare, inoshanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzinopa chikafu nechinwiwa, uko kuvhenekesa kwakakosha pakuisa mamiriro. Mwenje ye LED ine zvakawanda zvakasiyana uye inogona kushandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana maapplication. Dzinouya muhukuru hwakawanda uye maumbirwo. Uyezve, ivo vakakodzera kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Mamwe akatanhamara ekugadzira mapatani ekuvhenekesa LED anosanganisira- 

• LED chubhu mwenje
• LED bulbs
• Mwenje ye LED
• Zvipenga zve LED
• LED neon flex
• LED recessed mwenje
• LED track lights
• Chiedza che LED, nezvimwewo.

Kunze kwezvo, ma LED aya anoshandiswawo mune zvakasarudzika zvekushongedza zvigadziriso senge chandeliers uye pendant mwenje. Saka, maererano nedhizaini, LED ndiyo yakanyanya kuchinjika yekuvhenekesa sarudzo yauchazowana. 

Yakakura Chiedza Rudzi Sarudzo

Ma LED anowanikwa mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye tembiricha yemavara. Iwe unogona kusarudza inodziya, inotonhorera, kana yakasikwa chena mwenje yenzvimbo yako ine maLED. Kunze kwezvo, ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekuvhenekesa kwemavara: tsvuku, bhuruu, girini, uye yero-chero ruvara rwakajeka rwaunoda, LED ndiyo yako yekupedzisira sarudzo. Kunze kwezvo, inopa maitiro ekugadzirisa mavara, akadai seRGB mwenje, inogadziriswa ma LED mitsetse, nezvimwe. Nekuda kweiyo yepamusoro-tekinoroji LED controller inoita iyi inogadzirisa-mavara sisitimu igoneke. Saka, iwe unogona kugadzira mamiriro akasiyana uye ambiances enzvimbo yako uchishandisa ma LED. Izvi zvinovaita kuti vakwanise kushandiswa munzvimbo dzekutengesa uye munzvimbo dzekutengesa. 

Instant On

Ma LED anopa chiedza chiriporipo kana akabatidzwa. Asi mwenje wechinyakare unotora masekonzi mashoma kuti udziye usati wapa kupenya kuzere. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakwana kuti ishandiswe mumashandisirwo panodiwa mwenje wekukurumidza. Semuenzaniso, marobhoti uye magetsi ekukurumidzira.

Ma LED Anoshanda Sei?

Ma LED, kana chiedza-emitting diode, ndiwo masemiconductors. Vakachinja mabatiro atinoita dzimba dzedu, mahofisi edu nemigwagwa. Asi ma LED anoshanda sei? Ngationgororei mune izvo zvekutanga zve LED tekinoroji, kusanganisira kuyerera kwe electron, pn junctions, nezvimwe zvakawanda.

• Basics of Electron Flow

Kuti tinzwisise kuti ma LED anoshanda sei, tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa mamwe masikirwo emagetsi ekuyerera. Ma electrons ane negatively charged particles. Dzinotenderera nepakati peatomu. Mune zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai sesimbi, maerekitironi akasununguka kufamba-famba. Inobvumira kufamba kwemagetsi. Mune zvimwe zvinhu, senge insulators, maerekitironi akasungwa zvakasimba kumaatomu awo. Uye havafambi vakasununguka.

Semiconductor zvinhu zvine zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinhu. Vanowira pane imwe nzvimbo pakati peiyo yesimbi uye insulators. Vanogona kuitisa magetsi, asi simbi dziri nani. Zvisinei, kusiyana ne insulators, vanogona "tuned" kuitisa magetsi mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Ichi chivakwa chinoita semiconductors yakanakira kushandiswa mune zvemagetsi zvishandiso.

• PN Junction uye Basa reSemiconductor Materials

Semiconductor zvinhu zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuburitsa mwenje muma LED. Silicon kana germanium inowanzoshandiswa semiconductor zvinhu mu LEDs. Kuita kuti dziite conductive zvakakwana kuti dzibudise chiedza, iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera kusvibiswa kune zvinyorwa nenzira inonzi doping.

Doping inosanganisira kuwedzera zvishoma zvetsvina kune semiconductor zvinhu kuti ichinje magetsi ayo. Kune mapoka maviri e doping: n-mhando uye p-mhando. N-type doping inosanganisira kuwedzera tsvina ine mamwe maerekitironi kune semiconductor zvinhu. Aya maerekitironi ekuwedzera anova akasununguka kufamba-famba muzvinhu. Inogadzira kusara kwezvimedu zvisina kunaka. P-type doping, kune rumwe rutivi, inosanganisira kuwedzera tsvina ine maerekitironi mashoma pane semiconductor zvinhu. Izvi zvinogadzira "maburi" muzvinhu kana nzvimbo dzisina erekitironi. Maburi aya akachajiwa zvakanaka.

Kana p-mhando zvinhu zvakaiswa pedyo nen-mhando zvinhu, pn junction inoumbwa. Pakusangana, maerekitironi akawandisa kubva mumhando yen-mhando anozadza maburi mumhando yep. Izvi zvinogadzira dunhu rekuderera, kana nzvimbo isina maerekitironi emahara kana maburi. Iyi nharaunda yekuderera inoshanda sechipingamupinyi kune ikozvino kuyerera. Izvi zvinodzivirira kuyerera kwemaerekitironi kubva kun-mhando zvinhu kuenda kune p-mhando zvinhu.

• Kukosha kweDoping uye Kusikwa kweDepletion Region

Kugadzira dunhu rekuderera kwakakosha pakushanda kwe LED. Kana magetsi akaiswa pajunction yepn, anoita kuti maerekitironi ari mumhando yen-mhando afambe akananga pamharadzano. Panguva imwecheteyo, maburi ari mu-p-type zvinhu anofamba akananga kune junction kune rimwe divi. Kana maerekitironi nemaburi asangana munharaunda yekuderera, anounganidza zvakare uye anoburitsa simba muchimiro chechiedza.

Mukaha wesimba ndiwo unosarudza hurefu hwemasaisai chaiwo echiedza chinogadzirwa. Iri pakati pevalence bhendi uye conduction bhendi reiyo semiconductor zvinhu. Pano, conduction bhendi ndiro bhendi remazinga esimba muzvinhu izvo maerekitironi anogona kugara kana asina kusungwa kuatomu. Nekune rimwe divi, bhendi revalence ndiro simba remazinga maerekitironi anozadza kana akasungwa kuatomu. Uye kana erekitironi inodonha kubva mubhendi rekufambisa kuenda kubhendi yevalence, inoburitsa simba sephoton yechiedza.

• Electroluminescence uye Chizvarwa chePhotons

Electroluminescence chiitiko chinoburitsa chiedza. Ndiyo nzira yekubuda kwechiedza kubva kune chinhu mukupindura kune magetsi anopfuura mairi. Muchirevo che LED tekinoroji, iyo electroluminescence process inoitwa mukati meiyo LED chip.

An LED mudziyo wesemiconductor unoburitsa mwenje kana voltage ichiiswa pamaterminal ayo. Iyo LED inogadzirwa nepn junction, dunhu rinosanganiswa semiconductors maviri. Iyo p-mhando semiconductor ine yakanaka charge mutakuri (gomba). Panguva imwecheteyo, n-type semiconductor ine negative charge carrier (electron).

Iyo yekumberi bias voltage inoshandiswa kune pn junction ye LED. Uye izvi zvinoita kuti maerekitironi abatane nemaburi emagetsi kuburitsa simba semafotoni. Iwo anogadzirwa mafotoni anobva afamba nepakati pema LED's layers. Uye ivo vanoburitsa kubva mudziyo sechiedza chinooneka. Rudzi rwechiedza chakaburitswa, zvisinei, zvinoenderana nesimba remafotoni. Izvi zvine chekuita neiyo bandgap simba rezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mu LED. Semuenzaniso, ma LED matsvuku anogadzirwa kubva kune semiconductors ane yakaderera bandgap simba. Mukupesana, bhuruu uye girini maLED anoda semiconductors ane akakwira simba gaps. Iyo pazasi chati inokuratidza iwe akakodzera semiconductors kune akasiyana mwenje mavara mu LEDs- 

Mhando dze LEDs

Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana e LEDs (Chiedza Emitting Diodes), mamwe acho ndeaya:

1. Standard LEDs

Ma LED akajairwa anozivikanwawo sekuburikidza-gomba kana echinyakare maLED. Ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya-light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Aya ma LED anovakwa nediki chip ye semiconducting zvinhu uye akavharirwa mune yakajeka epoxy resin package ine mapini maviri esimbi. Aya anotungamira akarongwa mumutsara wakatwasuka. Saka, kuvaisa pabhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa kunokurumidza uye nyore.

MaLED akajairwa anoburitsa mwenje kana magetsi aiswa kune chip mukati meepoxy resin package. Rudzi rwechiedza chinobudiswa zvinoenderana nechinhu chinoshandiswa muchip. Semuenzaniso, ma LED akagadzirwa kubva kuGallium Arsenide (GaAs) anoburitsa mwenje mutsvuku. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakagadzirwa kubva kuGallium Nitride (GaN) inobudisa chiedza chebhuruu uye chegirini.

Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru eyakajairwa maLEDs ndeyekugara kwavo uye hupenyu hurefu. Vanogona kugara kwemakumi ezviuru zvemaawa. Iyo yakareba zvakanyanya kupfuura yechinyakare incandescent bulbs. Izvo zvakare zvakanyanya-simba-rinoshanda. Pamusoro pezvo, vanoshandisa simba rinosvika 90% rakaderera pane incandescent bulbs. Dzinobudisa kupisa kushoma. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kune zvikumbiro uko kupisa chizvarwa kunetseka.

Ma LED akajairwa anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana. Izvi zvinosanganisira zviratidziro zvemwenje, mwenje wemotokari, midziyo yemagetsi, uye midziyo yemumba. Iwo anoshandiswawo mumarobhoti emigwagwa uye wachi yedhijitari. Uyezve, iwo ndiwo akakodzera sarudzo kune mamwe maapplication ayo anoda yakavimbika uye-inoshanda-simba-inogonesa chiedza sosi.

2. High-simba LEDs

High-simba LEDs madhiodhi anobudisa chiedza akagadzirirwa kuburitsa chiedza chepamusoro. Panguva imwe chete, vanopedza simba rakaderera. Iwo akanakira mwenje, mota, signage, uye zvemagetsi application.

High-simba ma LED anosiyana kubva kune akajairwa maLED sezvo mavakirwo uye magadzirirwo awo akasiyana. High-power LEDs inogadzirwa neakawanda LED machipi akaiswa pane imwechete substrate. Izvi zvinobatsira kuwedzera kupenya kwavo kwese uye kubuda. Uyezve, ma LED ane simba guru anoshandisa sink yakakura yekupisa. Inobvisa kupisa kunogadzirwa nepamusoro. Nokudaro, inodzivirira LED kubva pakukuvadza kunokonzerwa nekupisa kwakanyanya.

Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru e-high-simba ma LED ndiko kugona kwavo. Vanogadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwekubuda kwechiedza pachikamu chesimba rinoshandiswa. Izvi zvinovaita sarudzo yakakurumbira yemagetsi-inoshanda magetsi maapplication. Iwo zvakare akasimba kupfuura echinyakare magetsi manyuko. Uyezve, vane upenyu hurefu zvikuru. Izvi zvinoderedza kudiwa kwekugara kuchitsiviwa uye kugadzirisa.

High-power LEDs anowanikwa mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye tembiricha yemavara. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakakodzera kune akawanda maapplication senge general, basa, uye specialty mwenje. Semuenzaniso, rima mwenje wezvirimwa zvemukati, mwenje we aquarium, uye mwenje wedariro.

3. Organic LEDs (OLEDs)

Organic LEDs (OLEDs) itekinoroji yekuvhenekesa inoshandisa organic komisheni kuburitsa chiedza. MaOLED akafanana nema LED echinyakare. Vanoburitsa chiedza kana magetsi aiswa. Asi musiyano uri mukushandiswa kwezvinhu.

Ma LED echinyakare anoshandisa inorganic zvinhu semiconductors uye simbi alloys. Kusiyana neizvi, maOLED anoshandisa organic compounds semapolymers uye mamorekuru madiki. Zvinhu izvi zvakaiswa muzvidimbu zvitete pane substrate. Uye zvino kukurudzirwa nechaji yemagetsi, zvichiita kuti vabudise chiedza.

MaOLED anopa akawanda mabhenefiti pamusoro pechinyakare mwenje matekinoroji. Kune imwe, ivo vanogona kuve vakaonda kwazvo uye vanochinjika. Izvi zvinovaita sarudzo dzakakodzera dzekushandisa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa. Zvese kubva kumafoni uye terevhizheni kune zvigadziriso zvemwenje uye signage zvinosanganisirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, maOLED anogona kuve nesimba-rinoshanda zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanogona kugadzira mwenje inopedza simba shoma pane yechinyakare matekinoroji.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakanakisa nezveOLED ndechekuti vanogona kugadzira mavara akajeka, emhando yepamusoro. MaOLED anoburitsa mwenje zvakananga kubva kune organic zvinhu pachazvo. Nekudaro, ivo vanogona kuburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwemavara uye musiyano uri nani pane echinyakare maLED. Zvisinei, inotsamira pamasefa kuti ibudise mavara. Izvi zvinoita kuti maOLED anyatsokodzera kushandiswa mumashandisirwo akaita sedhijitari kuratidzwa. Zvakare, yakanakira zvigadziriso zvemwenje uko kurongeka kwemavara kwakakosha.

4. Polymer LEDs (PLEDs)

Polymer Chiedza-Emitting diodes (PLEDs) shandisa conductive polymer zvinhu seyo inoshanda layer. Izvi organic zvinhu zvine akasiyana optical uye zvemagetsi zvivakwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kune michina inobudisa chiedza.

Ma LED echinyakare anogadzirwa nezvinhu zvisingaite. Somuenzaniso, gallium nitride uye silicon. Asi maPLED anogadzirwa nemapolima. Aya mapolymers anowanzo kugadzirwa nemacheni marefu emayuniti anodzokorora. Inovapa zvinhu zvakasiyana.

PLEDs anoshandisa munda wemagetsi kufadza maerekitironi mu polymer material. Izvi zvinoita kuti vabudise chiedza. Nekugadzirisa kemikari kugadzira-up yepolymer zvinhu, iyo PLED inogona kugadzirisa ruvara rwechiedza chainoburitsa.

Imwe yemabhenefiti ePLED ndeyekuti anogona kugadzirwa achishandisa yakaderera-inodhura, roll-to-roll yekugadzirisa maitiro. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakanyanya scalable uye inodhura-inoshanda. Izvi zvakaita kuti vashandise mwenje, zviratidziro, uye midziyo yemagetsi.

Imwe mukana wePLEDs ndeyekuti inogona kuitwa inoshanduka uye inowirirana. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kune zvemagetsi zvinopfekwa, zvakaita sembatya dzakangwara uye masensa akaiswa paganda.

5. Quantum Dot LEDs (QD-LEDs)

Quantum Dot LEDs (QD-LEDs) shandisa nanocrystals inonzi quantum dots kugadzira chiedza. Aya madotsi anowanzo gadzirwa semiconductor zvinhu. Uye hukuru hwayo hunobva pa2 kusvika ku10 nanometers. Mune QD-LED, iwo quantum dots akaiswa sandwich pakati pema electrode maviri. Mhepo yemagetsi inopfuudzwa kuburikidza navo, iyo inofadza maerekitironi mukati memadonhwe. Apo maerekitironi anofara aya paanodzokera kumamiriro avo epasi, anobudisa simba muchimiro chechiedza. Saizi ye quantum dot inosarudza ruvara rwechiedza chinogadzirwa. Madonhwe maduku anobudisa chiedza chebhuruu, uye madotsi makuru anobudisa chiedza chitsvuku. Uye saizi dzepakati dzinoburitsa girinhi neyero chiedza.

Imwe yemabhenefiti makuru ekuvheneka kweQD-LEDs kugona kwayo kuburitsa huwandu hwakakura hwemavara. Vanobudisawo huchokwadi hwepamusoro uye hunobudirira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti saizi ye quantum dots inogona kunyatso kudzorwa. Izvi zvinobvumira kunyatsogadzirisa kwechiedza chinobudiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, maQD-LED ane hupenyu hurefu uye anoshandisa simba shoma. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzive nehushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza.

Nekudaro, QD-LEDs ichiri tekinoroji nyowani uye haisati yave kuwanikwa zvakanyanya. Kune zvakare kunetsekana pamusoro pehunogona huturu hwezvinhu zve semiconductor zvinoshandiswa kugadzira iyo quantum dots. Aya anowanzo gadzirwa necadmium kana mamwe masimbi anorema. Tsvagiridzo muQD-LEDs inoenderera. Vatsvagiri vari kugadzira zvinhu zvakachengeteka uye zvine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza zvemidziyo iyi.

6. Ultraviolet LEDs (UV-LEDs)

Ultraviolet LEDs (UV-LEDs) inoburitsa ultraviolet (UV) mwenje. Hauoneki nemeso emunhu. UV-LEDs inogadzira chiedza mu ultraviolet spectrum. Iwo anowanzo ari pakati pe280 ne400 nanometers (nm). Uyezve, yakakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu: 

1. UV-A (315–400 nm)
2. UV-B (280–315 nm)
3. UV-C (100–280 nm)

UV-LEDs anoshandiswa mune akasiyana maapplication, akadai sekurapa, sterilization, uye kuchenesa mvura. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa kurapa anonamira uye machira mukugadzira zvemagetsi. Zvakare, anogona kushandiswa kurapa ingi uye machira muindasitiri yekudhinda uye mumaindasitiri emotokari uye aerospace. Pamusoro pezvo, iwo akanakira mune yekurapa chikamu chesterilizing michina uye nzvimbo.

Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti ugare uchifunga kuti UV mwenje, kusanganisira iyo inobva kuUV-LEDs, inogona kukuvadza hutano hwevanhu. Kuratidzwa kune UV mwenje kunogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kweziso uye gomarara reganda. Saka, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa midziyo yekudzivirira yakakodzera paunenge uchishanda neUV-LEDs. Uye zvinofanirwa kutevedzera mirairo yekuchengetedza iyo mugadziri anopa.

Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, unogona kuverenga Ndeupi Musiyano Pakati peUVA, UVB, uye UVC?

Ma LED anogadzirwa sei?

Maitiro ekugadzira ma LED akaoma. Inosanganisira musanganiswa wekugadzirira wafer, etching, encapsulation, nezvimwe. Inosanganisirawo kurongedza matekinoroji. Asi ini ndichavatsanangura zvakadzama, asi zvisati zvaitika, ngatizive nezve izvo zvinoshandiswa mukuita uku-

Zvishandiso Zvinoshandiswa Mukugadzira LED

Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira LED zvinoita basa rakakosha. Ivo vanosarudza kuita uye maitiro eiyo LED. Heano mamwe echokwadi eruzivo nezve zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira LED:

• Gallium Nitride (GaN) chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira LED. GaN ndeye semiconductor zvinhu zvinokwanisa kuburitsa bhuruu negirinhi mwenje. Izvo zvakakosha pakugadzira machena ma LED. Inoshandiswawo se substrate zvinhu mukugadzira LED.

• Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) ndeye ternary semiconductor zvinhu. Inogadzira bhuruu, girini, uye chena maLED. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzira laser diodes.

• Aluminium Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP) ndeye quaternary semiconductor zvinhu. Inoshandiswa kugadzira tsvuku, orenji, uye yero LEDs. Iyo inoshandiswa zvakare mukupenya-kupenya kwe LED zvikumbiro senge traffic uye mota mwenje.

• safaya chinhu chakakurumbira substrate zvinhu mukugadzira LED. Iyo yemhando yepamusoro, imwe-crystal material. Nekudaro, inopa hwaro hwakagadzikana hwekukura makristasi eGaN.

• Nesilicon Carbide (SiC) ndeye yakakura-bandgap semiconductor zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mune yakakwirira-simba LED maapplication. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzira magetsi emagetsi uye kushandiswa kwepamusoro-tembiricha.

• Phosphors zvinhu zvinoshandura bhuruu kana UV mwenje inoburitswa ne LED mune mamwe mavara. Zvinhu izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa pakugadzira machena LEDs.

• mhangura inoshandiswa sechinhu chinopisa chekupisa mukugadzira LED. Iyo yakanaka conductor yekupisa uye inobatsira kubvisa kupisa kunoitwa ne LED.

• goridhe inoshandiswa sechinhu chinosunga waya mukugadzira LED. Iyo yakanaka conductor yemagetsi uye ine yakanaka corrosion resistance.

LED Manufacturing Process

Kugadzirwa kwe LED kunowanzo sanganisira matanho anotevera:

1st Danho: Wafer Kugadzirira

Nhanho yekutanga mukugadzira LED ndeyekugadzirira iyo substrate zvinhu nekuichenesa nekuipukuta. Iyo substrate inobva yaputirwa nechinhu chitete chinonzi buffer layer. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza kukanganisa uye kuvandudza kunaka kwe LED.

2nd nhanho: Epitaxy

Nhanho inotevera ndeye epitaxy. Inosanganisira kukura semiconductor zvinhu layer pamusoro pe substrate. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa uchishandisa Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Pano musanganiswa wemagasi ane semiconductor zvinhu zvinopisa. Uye ipapo inoiswa pane substrate. Ukobvu hweiyo epitaxial layer inosarudza kureba kwechiedza icho LED ichaburitsa.

Danho rechitatu: Doping

Kana iyo epitaxial layer yakura, inoiswa netsvina kugadzira P-mhando uye N-mhando matunhu. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa uchishandisa ion implantation process. Pano ioni dzehutsvina dzakasimwa mukati meiyo semiconductor zvinhu uchishandisa yakakwirira-simba matanda.

4th danho: Contract Formation

Mushure mekuita doping, iyo LED inoputirwa nedhizaini yesimbi kuti igadzire magetsi ekubatanidza. Iyo simbi inowanzoiswa pa LED uchishandisa nzira inonzi sputtering. Pano danda rine simba guru reion rinoisa simbi pa LED.

5th nhanho: Etching

Mune ino nhanho, photolithography inogadzira mapatani pane iyo LED pamusoro. A photoresist layer inoiswa pa LED. Zvadaro patani inoiswa muphotoresist uchishandisa ultraviolet chiedza. Iyo pateni inozoendeswa kune iyo LED kumeso uchishandisa yakaoma etching. Pano plasma inoshandiswa kuvhara iyo semiconductor zvinhu.

Nhanho yechitanhatu: Encapsulation

Nhanho yechitanhatu mukugadzira LED ndeye encapsulation. Pano iyo LED yakavharidzirwa mupakeji inoidzivirira kubva kunharaunda uye inoibatsira kubvisa kupisa. Iyo pasuru inowanzo gadzirwa ne epoxy, inodururwa pamusoro pe LED, uye inorapwa kuti iite yakaoma, inodzivirira goko. Iyo pasuru inosanganisirawo magetsi anobatana anobatanidza iyo LED kune simba sosi.

Danho rekupedzisira: Kuedza

Chekupedzisira, iwo akaiswa ma LED anoedzwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anosangana nekupenya kwaunoda. Zvakare, inovimbisa mavara uye maitiro ehunyanzvi. Chero zvigadziri zvakakanganiswa zvinoraswa, uye zvigadzirwa zvakasara zvinotumirwa kune vatengi.

Kusiyana pakati pe LEDs uye Traditional Light Sources

Ma LED anoshanda zvakanyanya uye anoshandisa simba shoma kana achienzaniswa neagara emwenje masosi. Ivo zvakare vane hupenyu hurefu, kusvika kumaawa makumi mashanu, uye vanoburitsa kupisa kushoma. Mwenje ye LED inowanikwa mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana uye inopa chiedza chemhando yepamusoro. Iwo zvakare madiki uye akabatana uye anouya mune akawanda maumbirwo. Uyezve, marambi e LED ane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uye haana zvinhu zvine chepfu.

Magetsi echinyakare, kune rumwe rutivi, haashande uye anopedza simba rakawanda. Vane hupenyu hupfupi, kusvika kumaawa e10,000, uye vanogadzira kupisa kwakanyanya. Vanewo mavara mashoma anowanikwa. Magetsi echinyakare ane zvakawanda uye anouya mune mashoma maumbirwo. Iwo ane chepfu uye ane yakakwirira nharaunda kukanganisa.

Ma LED anobatidzwa nekudzima ipapo uye anoda kuchengetedzwa kwakaderera. Izvo zvakare zvinopindirana nemagetsi ekutonga uye zvinodzikira neanoenderana zvinodzora. Nekudaro, ivo vane mutengo wekutanga wepamusoro, asi iwo wakachipa mukufamba kwenguva. Magetsi echinyakare ane mutengo wakaderera wekutanga asi mutengo wepamusoro wekushandisa. Uye inoda kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro. Saka, ine kuenderana kwakanyanya nemagetsi ekudzora. Uye kuve nekushomeka kwekuita dimming.

Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, unogona kuverenga Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa zve LED Mwenje.

Kunzwisisa Kuita kwe LED 

Kunzwisisa mashandiro e LED kunogona kuve kwakaoma. Inosanganisira akati wandei tekinoroji yakatarwa, zvinhu, uye maitiro ekuyedza. Ngatikurukurei mamwe akakosha e LED maratidziro uye maficha ane chekuita ne LED kuita. Uye zvakare LED kuyedzwa uye chitupa.

Akatungamira Magadzirirwo

Heano iwo maratidziro eiyo LED yakatarwa:

• Kuvhenekesa Flux

Luminous flux inoyera huwandu hwechiedza chinooneka chinoburitswa ne LED sosi. Chiyero chekuyera cheruminous flux ilumen (lm). Iyo yakakwirira lumen kukosha inoratidza yakajeka LED. Nekudaro, iyo inopenya flux kukosha yega haipe ruzivo nezve kunaka kwechiedza chinoburitswa. Zvimwe zvinhu zviripo kune izvo, kureva, kupa mavara, kushanda nesimba, nezvimwe.

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, unogona kuverenga pazasi:

Candela vs Lux vs Lumens.

Lumen kune Watts: Iyo Yakazara Gaidhi

Kelvin naLumens: Kunzwisisa Misiyano

• Kujekesa Kunoshanda

Kushanda kwakajeka kweiyo LED sosi inoyera kuti yakawanda sei inooneka chiedza chainoburitsa. Inoyera kushandiswa kwesimba pachikamu chenguva. Chiyero chekuyera chekupenya kwechiedza ilumen pawatt (lm/W). Nhamba yepamusoro inopenya inopenya inoreva kuti LED inoshanda zvakanyanya uye inoita mwenje wakawanda kune yega yega yesimba yainoshandisa. Ma LED ane yakakwirira kupenya efficacy anogona kuchengetedza simba uye kuderera kwekushandisa mari.

• Ruvara rwekushisa

Iyo tembiricha yeruvara inoyera kutaridzika kwechiedza maererano neruvara kubva kune LED sosi. Kelvin ndicho chikamu chekuyera tembiricha yeruvara (K). Ma LED anogona kuburitsa mwenje mukudziya kwakasiyana kwemavara. Inogona kubva kuchena inodziya (2700K-3000K) kusvika kuchena inotonhorera (5000K-6500K). Tembiricha ine ruvara inononoka inoratidza mwenje unodziya (yellowish). Panguva imwecheteyo, yakakwirira inoratidza chiedza chinotonhorera (bluish).

Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, unogona kuverenga pazasi:

Nzira yekusarudza LED Strip Color Temperature?

Yakanakisa Rudzi Tembiricha ye LED Hofisi Mwenje

• Ratidza Rendering Index (CRI)

Ruvara rekupa index (CRI) inoyera kuti zvakanaka sei sosi ye LED inogona kupa mavara kana ichienzaniswa nemwenje wechisikigo. Iko CRI kukosha kunotangira pa0 kusvika ku100, ine kukosha kwepamusoro kunoratidza zvirinani kupa kwemavara. Iyo LED ine CRI kukosha kwe80 kana yepamusoro kazhinji ine yakanaka mavara ekupa. Kusiyana neizvi, iyo LED ine CRI kukosha pazasi 80 inogona kuburitsa mavara kukanganisa.

• Pamberi Voltage

Forward voltage ndiyo voltage inodiwa kuti ubatidze LED uye kuti ibudise mwenje. Chiyero chekuyerwa kwevolti yemberi ndiyo volt (V). Iyo yekumberi voltage ye LED inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwe LED uye maitiro ekugadzira.

• Reverse Current Leakage

Reverse ikozvino leakage ndiyo yazvino inoyerera kuburikidza ne LED mune reverse direction. Zvinoitika kana voltage ikaiswa kune rimwe divi. Iyo yekudzosera ikozvino kuvuza kwe LED kunofanirwa kunge kwakadzikira sezvinobvira kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakaringana uye hupenyu hurefu.

Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kuita kwe LED

Ma LED, kana Chiedza Emitting Diodes, ave sarudzo iri kuwedzera kufarirwa. Vane hukuru hwekushanda, hupenyu hurefu, uye kushandiswa kwesimba shoma. Nekudaro, pane akati wandei ezvikonzero zvinogona kukanganisa mabatiro anoita ma LED, akadai se:

• Thermal Management

Chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kushanda kwe LEDs kugona kwavo kubata kupisa. Ma LED ane tembiricha-sensitive zvishandiso. Kana dzikasatonhodzwa zvakakwana, dzinogona kutambura kudzikira. Izvi zvinoderedza kushanda uye kupfupisa hupenyu. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekutonga kwemafuta kuti uchengetedze kuita kwe LED.

• Drive Current

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa mashandiro e LED ndeye drive ikozvino. Ma LED anoshanda pane imwe nhanho yazvino. Kupfuura izvi zvazvino zvinogona kuderedza hupenyu hwavo, kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka, uye kukonzera kukundikana. Kune rumwe rutivi, pasi-kutyaira LED kunogona kukonzera kuderera kwechiedza kubuda uye hupenyu hupfupi. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuchengetedza chaiyo dhiraivha iripo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita kwe LED.

• Kukwegura

Kufanana nechero imwe mudziyo wemagetsi, ma LED anochemberawo. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwavo nekufamba kwenguva. Sezvo ma LED akwegura, kushanda kwavo kunoderera, uye chiedza chavo chinoderera. Iyi nzira inozivikanwa sekuderera kwe lumen. Uye inogona kukwidziridzwa nekusangana nekupisa, hunyoro, uye zvimwe zvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kufunga nezve inotarisirwa hupenyu hwe LED. Zvakare, funga iyo inotarisirwa kuderedzwa mwero kana uchigadzira mwenje system.

• Ruvara Shift

Chimwe chinhu chinokanganisa kuita kwe LED ndiko kushanduka kwemavara. Iwo mavara e LED anochinja nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekuchinja mune phosphor zvinhu. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune kusingafadzi kuchinja kwemavara mumagetsi emwenje. Izvi zvinoita kuti isanyanya kukwezva kana kusashanda kune chinangwa chayo.

• Optics

Iwo maoptics anoshandiswa mune yemwenje ye LED system anogona zvakare kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuita kwayo. Optics yakakodzera inogona kubatsira kugovera mwenje zvakaenzana. Nokudaro, inowedzera kushanda kwe LED. Kusiyana neizvi, maziso asina kunaka anogona kukonzera kuti chiedza chirasikike kana kupararira. Inoderedza kushanda kwehurongwa hwese.

Kuedza kwe LED uye Certification

Chitupa che LED chinosimbisa kuti chigadzirwa che LED chinosangana nemhando yeindasitiri uye kuchengetedzeka. Inosimbisawo maitiro ekuita. Certification inowanzoitwa neakazvimirira echitatu-bato masangano anoshanda mukuyedza uye chitupa.

• IESNA LM-80

IESNA LM-80 chiyero chekuyera kuderera kwe lumen yezvigadzirwa zve LED nekufamba kwenguva. Inoyerawo kushanda pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ekushanda. Iyi chiyero inobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvigadzirwa zve LED zvinochengetedza kunaka & kupenya kwazvo pamusoro penguva yakareba yekushandiswa. 

• NYOTA YESIMBA

ENERGY STAR chirongwa chinosimbisa zvigadzirwa zve LED zvinosangana nekushanda kwesimba uye maitiro ekuita. Zvigadzirwa zve LED zvinogashira ENERGY STAR certification zvinowanzoita simba-rinoshanda pane zvisina-certified zvigadzirwa. Saka, inogona kubatsira vatengi kuchengetedza mari pamagetsi emagetsi. ENERGY STAR certification inoratidzawo kuti chigadzirwa chinosangana nemhando yepamusoro yekuita uye mhando.

• Dzimwe Certification

Pamusoro pe ENERGY STAR, kune zvimwe zvitupa zve LED zvigadzirwa. Zvinosanganisira DLC (DesignLights Consortium) uye UL (Underwriters Laboratories). DLC certification yakatarisana nekushanda kwesimba. Inowanzo kudiwa kuti zvigadzirwa zve LED zvikwanise kuwana zvikwereti zvekushandisa. UL certification inoratidza kuti chigadzirwa che LED chakaedzwa uye chinosangana nemitemo yekuchengetedza.

Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, unogona kuverenga Iyo Certification ye LED Strip Mwenje.

Zvakajairwa Zvishandiso zve LEDs

Mamwe matambudziko akajairika maererano ne LEDs ndeaya:

Lighting And Illumination

Ma LED anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwekugara. Semuyenzaniso, recessed, track, uye pasi-cabinet chiedza. Izvo zvinoshandisa simba uye zvinogara kwenguva refu. Zvinovaita sarudzo yakanaka kune dzimba dzinotarisa kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba. Zvakare, inochengetedza mari pamabhiri emagetsi.

Ma LED anowanzoshandiswa mune zvekutengesa magetsi zvikumbiro. Dzinogona kuva hofisi, retail, kana warehouse lighting. Vanopa chiedza chakajeka, chakafanana chinogona kubatsira kuvandudza zvibereko. Zvakare, ivo vanogadzira nzvimbo inogamuchirwa yevatengi.

Ma LED ari kuwedzera kushandiswa mune zvekunze mwenje application. Semuenzaniso, marambi emumigwagwa, marambi epakapaka, uye mwenje wenzvimbo. Izvo zvinoshandisa simba, zvinogara, uye zvinokwanisa kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa. Izvi zvinovaita sarudzo yakanaka yekushandiswa kwekunze.

Display Technology

Imwe yeakajairika maapplication e LEDs mukuratidzira tekinoroji chiratidzo chedhijitari. Zviratidziro izvi zvinoshandiswa paruzivo, kushambadza, uye nevaraidzo munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. LED-based digital signage inosarudzwa nekuti inogona kuburitsa yakakwira musiyano. Iinewo mifananidzo yepamusoro-soro ine mavara akajeka uye akajeka anoonekwa kunyange muchiedza chezuva. Izvi zvinovaita vakakwana pakushambadzira kwekunze.

Imwe yakakurumbira application yemaLED mukuratidzira tekinoroji iri mumaterevhizheni. MaTV e LED anoshandisa ma LED kudzosera kumashure skrini. Inopa yakagadziridzwa yemhando yemifananidzo uye kusiyanisa. MaLED anoitawo kuti maTV aite simba-rinoshanda pane echinyakare maLCD TV. Izvi zvinoita kuti vawedzere eco-hushamwari.

Ma LED anoshandiswawo mumakomputa monitors, malaptop, uye nharembozha. MaLED-based displays akatetepa, akareruka, uye anopedza simba shoma pane zvechinyakare zviratidziro. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kune zvigadzirwa zvinotakurika.

Muindasitiri yevaraidzo, maLED anoshandiswa muzviratidziro zvakakura semadziro, pasi, uye sirin'i. Izvi zvinoratidzira zvinopa zviitiko zvinonyudza kune vateereri. Inofadza vateereri, mungava mumakonzati, zviitiko zvemitambo, kana kuti mapaki ezvidzidzo. Vanogona kugadzirwa kuti varatidze mavara akasiyana-siyana uye mapatani. Izvi zvinovaita vakanaka pakugadzira inoshanduka uye inobata maitiro ekuona.

ZveMotokari Maindasitiri

Chokutanga uye chakakosha, ma LED anowanzoshandiswa mukuvhenekera kwemotokari. Iwo anoshandiswa mwenje wemberi, taillights, mabhureki mwenje, masaini masaini, uye mukati memwenje. Kumwe kushandiswa kwema LED muindasitiri yemotokari ndeye dashboard kuratidza. Uyewo, masumbu ezviridzwa. Zviratidziro zve LED zvinopa ruzivo rwakajeka, rwakajeka, uye rwunogoneka kune vatyairi. Ivo vanogona kumisikidzwa kuratidza ruzivo senge kumhanya, mafuta mwero, uye chimiro cheinjini, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.

Ma LED anoshandiswawo mukuchengetedza maficha mumotokari. Zvinosanganisira masikati anomhanya mwenje, adaptive headlights, uye backup makamera. Mwenje wemasikati unowedzera kuoneka kwemotokari mukati mezuva. Panguva imwecheteyo, magetsi anogadzirisa anoshanduka zvichienderana nekumhanya uye kutungamira angle yemotokari kuti ipe chiedza chakanakisisa. Uye makamera ekuchengetedza anoshandisa ma LED kuti ape mifananidzo yakajeka uye yakajeka mumamiriro akaderera.

Ma LED anoshandiswawo mukunze kwemaitiro emotokari. Zvakare, iwo anogona kushandiswa kuvhenekera mwenje pamuviri wemota uye akavhenekerwa marogo nemabheji. Uyezve, mwenje we LED unogona kugadzira mhedzisiro yekuvhenekesa. Semuyenzaniso, sequential turn signals uye animated light displays.

Zvirwere Zvirwere

Izvi zvinotevera mamwe akajairwa mashandisirwo e LED mumidziyo yekurapa:

• Medical imaging: Kushandiswa kwemaLED mumidziyo yekufungidzira yekurapa iri mumichina yeX-ray, CT scanners, uye michina yeMRI. Ma LED anoshandiswa semwenje masosi ekuvhenekera chikamu chemuviri chiri kufananidzwa. Kuvhenekera kwe LED kunopa mufananidzo wakanyatsojeka uye wakajeka. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune yakaderera-kusiyanisa mifananidzo.

• Endoscopes: Ma LED anoshandiswa mu endoscopes, ayo anoshandiswa pakuvhiya kushoma. Endoscopes akashongedzerwa nediki mwenje mwenje we LED unovhenekera nzvimbo yekuvhiya. Chiedza chakajeka chinogadzirwa ne LED chinopa mufananidzo wakajeka wenzvimbo yekuvhiya. Inoita kuti vavhiyi vakwanise kuita zvirongwa zvakanyatsonaka uye nemazvo.

• Magetsi ekuvhiya: Ma LED anoshandiswa mumagetsi ekuvhiya. Izvi zvinopa chiedza chakajeka, chichena chekuvhenekera nzvimbo yekuvhiya. LED-yakavakirwa mwenje yekuvhiya inopa akati wandei mabhenefiti pamusoro pechinyakare halogen mwenje. Izvi zvinosanganisira hupenyu hurefu, chizvarwa chekupisa chakaderera, uye kunyatsoratidza mavara.

• Phototherapy Devices: Ma LED anoshandiswa mumidziyo yephototherapy. Inobata zvakasiyana siyana ganda mamiriro akadai psoriasis, eczema, uye mburwa. Chiedza chebhuruu chinobudiswa nema LED chinoshanda mukuuraya mabhakitiriya anokonzera mburwa. Kusiyana neizvi, chiedza chitsvuku chinonyatso kuderedza kuzvimba uye chinokurudzira kuporesa maronda.

• Dental Equipment: Ma LED anoshandiswawo mumidziyo yemazino, senge marambi ekurapa ekuzadza mazino. Zviedza izvi zvinoburitsa mwenje wechiedza chepamusoro-soro. Izvi zvinomisa resin mukuzadzwa kwemazino, zvichiita kuti aomese nekukurumidza.

Kukurukurirana Uye Kuratidzira

Imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa ma LEDs mukukurukurirana uye kusaina ari mumarobhoti. Ma LED-based traffic lights anowedzera simba-anoshanda kupfuura mamwe avo incandescent. Iinewo hupenyu hurefu. Ivo vanonyanya kuoneka muchiedza chezuva chakajeka. Anogona kurongwa kuti achinje mavara nekukurumidza kupfuura echinyakare marabhoti.

Kumwe kushandiswa kwakajairika kwema LED mukusaina kuri mumotokari dzekukurumidzira. Zvakadai semotokari dzemapurisa, motokari dzinodzima moto, nemaamburenzi. Mwenje ye LED inopenya uye inoonekwa kubva kure kure. Izvi zvinovaita kuti vabatsire munguva dzekukurumidzira uko kukurumidza uye kwakajeka kusaina kwakakosha.

Runway uye navigation LED mwenje inoshandiswa zvakare mukubhururuka nendege uye mugungwa kusaina. Ma LED anodiwa pane incandescent bulbs mune izvi zvinoshandiswa. Nekuti dzinogara kwenguva refu, dzinoshanda nesimba, uye dzinogara kwenguva refu. Ma LED anogona zvakare kuburitsa mwenje munzira yakati. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakunongedza kwakananga.

Mukufambiswa kwemashoko, ma LED anoshandiswa mu fiber optic communication systems. Fiber optic cables inofambisa data kuburikidza nechiedza pulses. Uye ma LED anoshandiswa semwenje masosi kune aya masisitimu. LED-based fiber optic masisitimu anoshanda zvakanyanya uye ane yakakwirira bandwidth kupfuura echinyakare mhangura-yakavakirwa masisitimu ekutaurirana.

Kugadziriswa kwe LEDs

Ma LED anoda kugadziriswa kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana. Inoda kutarisirwa kwehupenyu hurefu senge chero imwe mudziyo wemagetsi. Heano mamwe matipi ekuchengetedza ma LEDs:

Kuchenesa LEDs

• Shandisa Zvakakodzera Kuchenesa Solutions: Kudzivisa makemikari ane utsinye, akadai sezvinonyungudutsa, zvakakosha pakuchenesa ma LED. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa chimiro che LED chakapfava. Pane kudaro, shandisa nyoro detergent kana isopropyl alcohol solution. Ita shuwa kuti mhinduro yekuchenesa haina kubva kune abrasive particles.

• Shandisa Zvishandiso Zvakakodzera: Kuti uchenese maLED, shandisa jira rakapfava, risina lint, senge microfiber kana jira rekuchenesa lens. Dzivisa kushandisa rough kana abrasive zvinhu semapepa tauro. Izvi zvinogona kukwenya iyo LED pamusoro.

• Iva munyoro: Paunenge uchichenesa maLED, iva munyoro uye udzivise kumanikidza yakawandisa pamusoro peiyo LED. Dzivisa kubata LED neminwe isina chinhu. Mafuta uye zvinosvibisa kubva paganda zvinogona kutamira kune LED pamusoro. Inoderedza kupenya uye hupenyu.

Kubata LEDs

Kubata ma LED kwakakoshawo kuti ive nechokwadi chehupenyu hwavo hurefu. Heano mamwe matipi ekubata ma LEDs:

• Dzivisa kubata LED: Paunenge uchibata ma LED, zvakakosha kuti urege kubata pamusoro peiyo LED nemaoko ako asina maoko. Mafuta uye tsvina pamaoko ako zvinogona kukuvadza LED. Pane kudaro, shandisa magirovhosi kana jira rakachena, risina jira kubata LED.

• Dzivisa kufumura ma LED kune unyoro: Unyoro hunogona kukuvadza LED. Naizvozvo, kudzivirira kufumura LED kune unyoro panguva yekubata kwakakosha.

• Dzivisa kufumura ma LED ekupisa: Ma LED anonzwisisa kupisa, uye kuratidzwa kune tembiricha yakakwirira kunogona kuvakuvadza. Naizvozvo, kudzivirira kufumura iyo LED kune yakakwira tembiricha panguva yekubata kwakakosha.

• Chengetedza ma LED zvakanaka: Ma LED anofanirwa kuchengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma kudzivirira kuratidzwa nekupisa uye unyoro.

Troubleshooting ye LEDs

Kufanana nechero tekinoroji, mwenje we LED zvakare une chikamu chayo chakanaka chezvinetso. Ini ndichakurukura mamwe ematambudziko akajairika nemwenje we LED uye maitiro ekuagadzirisa.

1. Kudzedzereka

Magetsi e LED anogona kupenya, kunyanya kana atanga kubatidzwa. Zvinogumbura uye zvinotsausa. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzera dambudziko iri. Izvo zvinosanganisira isingaenderane dimmer switch uye akanganisa mutyairi. Kana kuti inogona kunge iri simba rekupa kana kuiswa kusina kunaka.

Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, ita shuwa kuti dimmer switch inoenderana nemwenje we LED. Tsiva chero zvikamu zvakakanganisika, uye iva nechokwadi chekuisa mwenje wemagetsi.

2. Glare

Mwenje dze LED dzinogona kuburitsa kupenya, iyo inogona kunge isina kugadzikana uye inokonzera ziso. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzera dambudziko iri. Zvakadai sekuiswa kwemwenje wemwenje, rudzi rwegirobhu rinoshandiswa, uye dhizaini.

Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko iri, shandisa chando kana kuti diffused lenzi kuderedza kupenya. Gadzirisa magadzirirwo emwenje, uye sarudza magirobhu ane kupenya kwakaderera.

3. Kutadza Kwemavara Tembiricha

Mwenje ye LED inogona kuburitsa mwenje nemhando dzakasiyana tembiricha. Inogona kukanganisa nharaunda uye ambiance yekamuri. Semuenzaniso, mamwe magetsi e LED anogona kuburitsa hasha, bluish-white mwenje unogona kunge usingakoke. Zvakare, kusarudza ruvara runodziya rwekuvhenekera kwehofisi kuchaita kuti mushandi arare. 

Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko iri, sarudza marambi e LED ane tembiricha yemuvara inoenderana neinoda ambiance yekamuri. Semuenzaniso, chiedza chinodziya, cheyero chinogona kukodzera imba yekurara. Kusiyana neizvi, chiedza chinotonhorera, bluish-chena chinogona kukodzera basa kana nzvimbo yekudzidza.

4. Heat

Mwenje dze LED dzinogona kuburitsa kupisa, kuderedza hupenyu hwavo uye kuita. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzera dambudziko iri. Somuenzaniso, kutonhora kusina kukwana kana mhepo. Zvakare, panogona kuve neambient tembiricha uye yakawandisa ikozvino kuyerera.

Ita shuwa kuti mwenje we LED wakatonhodzwa zvakaringana uye unofefeterwa nemhepo kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Dzivisa kudziisa munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakakwira. Zvakare, ita shuwa kuti kuyerera kwazvino kuri mukati meiyo yakakurudzirwa renji.

5. kugarisana

Mwenje ye LED inogona kunge isingaenderane nemagetsi aripo kana masisitimu. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuiswa kwavo uye kushandiswa kuve kwakaoma. Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukonzera dambudziko iri, semuenzaniso, kusiyana kwemagetsi, wattage, uye dhizaini.

Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko iri, ita shuwa kuti mwenje we LED unoshanda nemagadzirirwo emwenje aripo uye zvigadziriso. Kana kuti funga kutsiva zvigadziriso uye masisitimu kana zvichidikanwa.

Kunzwisisa matambudziko aya uye kutora matanho akakodzera ekuagadzirisa. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kunakidzwa neakawanda mabhenefiti ekuvhenekesa kwe LED pasina chero kusagadzikana.

Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, unogona kuverenga Troubleshooting LED Strip Matambudziko.

Kubudirira Kwemangwana muTekinoroji yeLED

Ngatitarisei kune ramangwana rekuvandudza mune tekinoroji yeLED.

1. Kuvandudzwa muKushanda Kwesimba

Heano mamwe akakosha ekuvandudza musimba resimba mune ramangwana budiriro muLED tekinoroji:

• Higher Efficacy

Kushanda kwe LED kunoyera kuti chiedza chinoshandura sei magetsi kuita chiedza chemagetsi. Kubudirira kwe LED kwakawedzera kuvandudzwa mumakore achangopfuura nekuda kwesainzi yezvinhu. Zvakare, kukwidziridzwa kwedhizaini kunowedzera kushanda. Semuenzaniso, iri kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvesemiconductor, senge Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). Izvo zvakatungamira kune yakakwirira kushanda kwebhuruu uye girinhi maLED, ayo ari akakosha zvikamu mumachena ma LED. Uye mumakore anotevera, mamwe magadzirirwo achaita kuti ma LED awedzere kushanda. 

• Zvirinani Thermal Management

Sezvo ma LED anowedzera kushanda, anogadzirawo kupisa kwakawanda. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza kushanda kwavo uye hupenyu. Nekudaro, kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yekudziya yakavandudza kuvimbika. Senge, zvirinani kupisa sinks uye zvinhu zvine yakakwirira yekupisa conductivity. Kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro aya kuchaita kuti vagadziri ve LED vavandudze mashandiro avo mune ramangwana. Ichavandudzawo kuvimbika kwezvigadzirwa zvavo.

• Smarter Control Systems

Tekinoroji ye LED inobatsirwawo nemasisitimu epamusoro ekudzora anoita kushandisa zvakanyanya simba uye kutambisa kushoma. Semuenzaniso, ma LED ekuvhenekesa masisitimu anogona kuve akashongedzerwa nemasensor. Aya masensa anoona kugara. Vanogadzirisawo mazinga emwenje otomatiki. Saka inodzima mwenje mukupindura kumazinga emwenje chaiwo. Uye mumakore anotevera, isu tinotarisira mamwe akadai otomatiki sensing maficha mumaLED.

• Kubatanidzwa nemamwe Tekinoroji

Chekupedzisira, maLED ari kuwedzera kusanganiswa nemamwe matekinoroji, seInternet yezvinhu (IoT) sensors. Inogadzira akangwara masisitimu ekuvhenekesa anoenderana nekuchinja nharaunda uye zvinodiwa nemushandisi. Kubatanidzwa uku kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza simba rakawanda nekuita kuti masisitimu ekuvhenekesa adzorwe zvakanyanya uye nemazvo.

2. Kufambira mberi mune Manufacturing Techniques

Ngatikurukurei kufambira mberi mukugadzira matekiniki. Kufambira mberi uku kuri kutyaira mune ramangwana mune tekinoroji yeLED.

• Chip Scale Package (CSP) LEDs

CSP LEDs rudzi rutsva rwe LED inobvisa kudiwa kwechinyakare kurongedza zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, mafuremu ekutungamirira uye mabhandi ewaya. Izvi zvinoderedza saizi uye huremu hweiyo LED, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa mumakompakiti zvishandiso. CSP LEDs zvakare inoshanda zvakanyanya, sezvo iine chinhambwe chipfupi chekuti ikozvino ifambe. Vanoderedzawo kurasikirwa kwesimba.

Uyezve, kugadzira CSP LED kunoda hunyanzvi michina. Semuyenzaniso, anofa-bonding muchina uye wafer-level yekurongedza michina. Mazuva ano, vari kuwedzera kuwanda.

Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko, unogona kuverenga CSP LED Strip VS COB LED Strip.

• Micro-LEDs

Kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro matsva e-colloidal synthesis uye kubatanidzwa kweQDs mukugadzira LED kunofambisa budiriro yemangwana ye LED tekinoroji. Micro-LEDs idiki pane CSP maLED, ane saizi isingasviki 100 micrometers. Ivo vanopa yakakwirira resolution, yakajeka mavara, uye nani musiyano pane echinyakare maLED. Kugadzira mamicro-LEDs kunonetsa nekuda kwehukuru hwawo hudiki. Zvakadaro, kufambira mberi mune zveruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kuri kuita kuti zvikwanisike kuzvigadzira muhuwandu hukuru. Zvakadai se microfabrication, lithography, uye wafer bonding.

• Quantum Dots (QDs)

Quantum Dots is semiconductor nanocrystals iyo inoburitsa mwenje kana yamutswa nechiedza sosi. Ivo vanopa nani kunaka kwemavara uye kupenya kupfuura echinyakare maLED. Uye dzinogona kugadziridzwa kuti dzibudise mavara chaiwo. MaQD anogadzirwa achishandisa nzira inonzi "colloidal synthesis." Zvinosanganisira kugadzira kumiswa kwenanocrystals mumvura. Iwo nanocrystals anobva aiswa pane substrate kugadzira iyo LED. 

• 3D Kudhinda

3D kudhinda inzira yekugadzira inosanganisira kugadzira zvinhu zvakaturikidzana ne layer. Inopa kushanduka kukuru mukugadzira uye kukwanisa kugadzira zvimiro zvakaoma. 3D kudhinda kunogona kushandiswa kugadzira tsika dze LED maumbirwo uye dzimba. Inoderedza kudiwa kwemaitiro echinyakare ekugadzira senge jekiseni molding. 3D kudhinda zvakare zvakanyanya kushamwaridzana. Inoderedza marara uye kudiwa kwekufambisa.

3. Iyo Inogoneka Yekuzara Organic LEDs

Fully organic LEDs (FOLEDs) imhando yeOLED isingade chero inorganic zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, simbi, iyo inowanzoshandiswa mune yechinyakare LED tekinoroji. MaFOLED ane akawanda mabhenefiti pane echinyakare maLED. Iwo anoshanduka-shanduka, akareruka, uye anoshandisa simba shoma pane echinyakare maLED. Pamusoro pezvo, maFOLED anogona kugadzirwa achishandisa zvinhu zvinodhura uye zvine hushamwari. Izvi zvinovaita sarudzo inoyevedza yekugadzira inoenderera tekinoroji.

Izvo zvinogona kushandiswa zveFOLED zvakakura. Zvinosanganisira mwenje, zviratidziro, uye kunyangwe tekinoroji inopfekwa. Muindasitiri yekuvhenekesa, maFOLED ane mukana wekutsiva mwenje wechinyakare. Inogona kutsiva fluorescent uye incandescent bulbs. MaFOLED anogona kugadzirwa kuita mapepa matete, anochinjika. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzive dzakanakira nzvimbo dzakakombama kana dzisina kuumbwa. Semuenzaniso, mwenje wekuvaka kana wemotokari.

Muindasitiri yekuratidzira, maFOLED anopa akati wandei mabhenefiti pamusoro pechinyakare maratidziro e LED. MaFOLED matete, akareruka, uye ane simba shoma. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakanaka kune inotakurika michina yakadai sema smartphones uye mahwendefa. Pamusoro pezvo, zviratidziro zveFOLED zvinopa zvirinani kurongeka kwemavara uye yakakura yekuona kona. Nekudaro, iwo akanakira epamusoro-yekupedzisira kuratidza maapplication senge terevhizheni uye komputa monitors.

FAQs

mhedziso

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti tekinoroji ye LED ichiri kubuda. Uye pane nzvimbo yekuvandudza mukuita, kunaka kwemavara, uye kugona. Nekuda kweizvi, masayendisiti uye mainjiniya vanogara vachitsvaga nzira dzekuvandudza tekinoroji yeLED. Vari kuedza kuvandudza kushanda kwayo.

Semutengi kana muridzi webhizinesi, kunzwisisa izvo zvekutanga tekinoroji yeLED inogona kuenda kure. Inogona kukubatsira mukuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo kana zvasvika pakutenga zvigadzirwa zvemwenje. Kubva pakupisa kwemavara kusvika kulumens, wattage, uye CRI. Kuziva mazano aya kunogona kukubatsira kuwana mhinduro dzemwenje dze LED.

Naizvozvo, maLED tekinoroji inonakidza. Nekugona kwavo kuchengetedza simba, kusimba, uye kuita zvakasiyana-siyana, maLED tekinoroji yekuvhenekesa iri pano kugara.

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