Paunenge uchitenga chigadziko chemwenje, iyo lumen rating ndiyo yaunotanga kuona. Asi iwe unoziva here kuti kune mamwe akaenzana akakosha ekuyeresa mayunitsi senge candela uye lux?
Kana iwe uri kutenga mwenje kana laser mwenje, funga kenduru yekutarisisa mwenje. Uye kune general lighting fixtures senge Zvipenga zve LED, mwenje wechubhu, magirobhu, nezvimwewo, tarisa chiyero che lumen. Nekudaro, pakuita kwemwenje, iyo lux kukosha inokupa iwe ruzivo rwakanyanya.
Ngationgororei candela, lux, uye lumen uye tidzidze kushandisa aya mayunitsi kusarudza yakanakisa mwenje mwenje kune chero application:
Chii chinonzi Candela?
Candela (cd) ndicho chikamu chekupenya kwesimba. Iri izwi rakabva paizwi rechiLatini rekuti 'Candela' uye rinoenderana nekusimba kwekenduru. Semuenzaniso, rimwe candela rinenge rakaenzana nekupenya kwekenduru.
Nekudaro, nekufambira mberi kwe tekinoroji, tsananguro ye candela yakachinja pamusoro pezvizvarwa. Muna 1979, General Conference pamusoro peHuremu uye Zviyero (CGPM) inotsanangura candela se:
"Candela isimba rinopenya, munzira yakapihwa, kwechitubu chinoburitsa monochromatic mwaranzi yefrequency 540 x 1012 hertz uye ine kupenya kwakasimba munzira iyoyo ye1/683 watt pa steradian."
Nekudaro, tsananguro yazvino, sekushandurwa kwaChivabvu 20, 2019, yakanyanya kuomarara uye inonyanya kunangwa kune nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi. Izvi zvinoenda se:
“…… kukosha kwenhamba yakatarwa yekupenya kwemwaranzi yemonochromatic yefrequency 540 × 1012 Hz, Kcd, kuve 683 kana ichiratidzwa muyuniti lm⋅W−1, iyo yakaenzana ne cd⋅sr⋅W−1, kana cd⋅sr⋅kg−1⋅m−2⋅s3, uko kilogram, mita uye yechipiri = -0987654321`inotsanangurwa maererano neh, c uye ΔνCs."
Kurerutsa, candela inoyera kusimba kwechiedza mune imwe nzira kana kona. Somuenzaniso, funga nezvechiedza chinonangidzira chiedza kwakananga uye nezvegirobhu rinoparadzira chiedza kumativi ose. Ndeipi ichave nepamusoro candela kukosha?
Iyo spotlight ine nhete yebeam angle uye inopa yakanangana nemwenje. Saka, kusimba kwayo kwechiedza mune iyo chaiyo nzira ichave yakakwirira. Kusiyana neizvi, kuvhenekera kwegirobhu kuchaparadzirwa kumativi ese, zvichikonzera kukosha kwakaderera kwecandela.
Chii chinonzi Lux?
Lux (lx) ndiyo yekuyeresa unit ye illuminance or kupenya kubuda per unit area. Inoyera huwandu hwechiedza pa square mita yenzvimbo.
1 lux yakaenzana nehuwandu hwechiedza che 1 square metre pamusoro inovhenekerwa nechiedza che 1 lumen inowanikwa 1 mita kureba. Kurerutsa, 1 lux yakaenzana ne 1 lumen pa square metre.
Kurerutsa, 1 lux yakaenzana ne 1 lumen pa square metre.
Saka, kuitira chiyero chepamusoro, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve nzvimbo yekamuri kana chinhambwe chechiedza kubva pane imwe nzvimbo. Muchiitiko ichi, kukosha kwelux kunopesana nepakati kune chinhambwe.
Semuenzaniso, chiedza chine 500 lumens lits a one square metre pamusoro. Saka chiyero chayo chepamusoro chichave (500 lm ፥ 1 m2) = 500 lx. Zvino, isa chiedza chimwechete che500 lumens yakananga kunzvimbo ye500-square-metres. Kukosha kwepamusoro pano kuchava (5 lm ፥ 2 m100) = 5 lx, kuderera neXNUMX nguva.
Ndiko kuti, sezvo chinhambwe pakati pechiso nechiedza chinowedzera, kukosha kwelux kunoderera. Nokudaro, chiedza chinoratidzika chakajeka muimba duku hachizotaridziki chakajeka kana chikaiswa muimba huru.
Chii chinonzi Lumen?
Lumen inoyera kukosha kweinopenya flux. Inoratidza kupenya kwese kwechiedza kubva kumativi ese.
Lumen inotsanangurwa sehuwandu hwechiedza chinooneka chiedza chekenduru 1 chinobuda muchikamu chimwe chekona yakasimba (1/1π yenharaunda yebhora). Kusiyana necandela (cd), lumen haiverenge kuvhenekera kweimwe nzira. Pane kudaro, inotarisa chiedza chese chinobuda kubva kumativi ose.
Semuenzaniso, girobhu rine 3 candela ratings ine lumen rating ye38 lm (approx). Zvino kana iwe ukavharidzira hafu yegirobhu uye worega mwenje uvheneke kuburikidza nehemisphere imwe chete, kukosha kwecandela kunoramba kwakafanana. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti, kubva kune imwe chinhambwe, kusimba kwechiedza chegirobhu rakavharika kuchiri kwakafanana. Nekudaro, kukosha kwe lumen kuchaderedzwa kusvika pahafu uye kuve 19 lm sezvo wavharira hafu yemwenje sosi.
Hukama Pakati peCandela, Lux, uye Lumens
Hukama hunonyanyozivikanwa pakati pematemu matatu aya ndewekuti ose ndiwo chiyero chekuyeresa chechiedza. Kuti tijekese pfungwa, ngatisvike pamudzi wemazwi aya-
a. Lumens naCandela: Hukama
Lumens inhengo ye candela. Ose mazwi anoyera kupenya; kureva kuti vanotaura kupenya kwechiedza. Musiyano ndewekuti lumens inotora nhoroondo yemwenje yemwenje kubva kumativi ese. Mukupesana, Candela anofunga kuti kune imwe nzira. Gonderedzwa rakazara rine kona yakasimba ye 4π steradians, saka sosi yemwenje inopenya zvakafanana candela mumativi ese ine yakazara inopenya flux ye:
| 1 cd × 4πsr = 4π cd · sr ≈12.57 lm 1 candela = 12.57 lumens |
Cherechedza: Sezvo candela uye lumen ari mayuniti maviri akasiyana, unogona kuachinjanisa.
b. Lumens uye Lux: Hukama
Lux inotorwa kubva ku lumen, saka kukosha kwe lumen kune simba rakakura pane lux. Mumasvomhu, 1 lx = 1lm/m². Iyi equation inopa kumiririra kwakaringana kwekupenya kwechiedza pane lumens.
c. Lux naCandela: Hukama
Lux ndiyo metric vhezheni yemakenduru etsoka (izwi rekare rinoreva candela). Saka, candela, lux, uye lumens zvakabatana. Vanotaura zvitatu zvakasiyana, asi zvakabatana uye zvinoshandurwa.
| Yakatorwa kubva Kubva Lux ———————→ Lumens ——————–→ Candela 1 lx = 1 lm/m2 = 1 cd·sr/m2 |
Candela vs Lux vs Lumens - Ndeipi Misiyano?
Candela vs Lux
Candela inotsanangura kupenya kwechiedza pane imwe nzvimbo. Kusiyana neizvi, lux inoratidza huwandu hwechiedza chinosvika panzvimbo chaiyo. Ndiko kuti, lux ine hukama nenzvimbo yenzvimbo yakavhenekerwa, asi candela haishande nenzvimbo yepamusoro.
Nekudaro, kukosha kweiyo lux kunoenderana nenzvimbo yepamusoro uye chinhambwe pakati pemwenje sosi uye pamusoro. Kunze kwezvo, zvinoenderanawo nekukosha kwe candela. Asi candela yakazvimiririra pazvinhu izvi.
| Zvikonzero | Candela (cd) | Lux (lx) |
| Nzira | Kusimba kwechiedza pane imwe nzira | Kuwanda kwechiedza pane imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro |
| Distance of Light Source | Haina kukanganisa | Aaffects; inversely proportional to distance. |
| Nzvimbo yeIlluminated Surface | Haina kukanganisa | Aaffects; inversely proportional to distance. |
Lux vs Lumens
Lumen inotsanangura huwandu hwechiedza chinovhenekerwa nechiedza. Mukupesana, lux inotsanangura huwandu hwechiedza chinowira mune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro.
Ne lumen, unogona kuona kuti chiedza chechiedza chakajeka sei. Chiyero chepamusoro che lumen chinoreva kubuda kwechiedza chakajeka. Zvichakadaro, chiyero chepamusoro chinoreva kuti mwaranzi wemwenje unowira munzvimbo yakati unopenya zvakajeka. Saka, mutsauko pano ndewekuti kukosha kwelux kunoenderana nechinhambwe chiri pakati pemwenje sosi nenzvimbo yekuvhenekesa. Asi lumen yakasununguka kubva kure.
Kunyange zvazvo lumen iriyo inonyanya kushandiswa kuyeresa chiedza, lux ndiyo yakakosha kukosha kuyera kushanda kwechiedza. Ichi ndicho chikonzero iwe uchifanira kufunga nezve lux kukosha kwe-chakanaka-lit basa mwenje. Yakakwira lux kukosha inovimbisa kupenya kwakakodzera munzvimbo yako yekushandira, ichikubvumidza kuti ushande zviri nyore.
| Zvikonzero | Lux | Lumen |
| Inosarudza | Kuwanda kwechiedza chinosvika pamusoro | Chiedza chose chinobuda chechiedza |
| Dependence | Kukosha kunoenderana nekureba uye chiyero che lumen | Kukosha kunoenderana nekugona kwechiedza chinobva |
| Distance of Light Source | Matters; sezvo nzvimbo yepamusoro inowedzera, kukosha kwehupfumi kunoderera | Hazvina basa |
| Nzvimbo yepamusoro | Matters; sezvo nzvimbo yepamusoro ichiwedzera, lux value inoderera | Hazvina basa |
| Kushandiswa kwakajairika | Task lighting, mwenje wakatarisana, semuenzaniso: marambi emumugwagwa, spotlights, Etc. | General chiedza, zvakadai Magetsi strip magetsi, marambi emvura, nezvimwewo. |
Lumens vs Candela
Musiyano mukuru pakati pe lumen uye candela ndewekuti lumen inotarisa kubuda kwemwenje kubva kune mwenje sosi. Mukupesana, candela inoyera kusimba kwechiedza munzira chaiyo.
Nokushandisa chiyero che lumen, unogona kuwana pfungwa yekupenya kwechiedza chechiedza. Asi candela inokuzivisa iwe kuti mwenje wakamisikidzwa sei uchaonekwa mune imwe nzvimbo. Saka, chigadziko chechiedza chine hukuru hwe lumen hunogona kuvhenekera nzvimbo huru. Zvichakadaro, mwenje we candela wakakwira zvinoreva kuti chigadziriso chinotungamira danda rakatariswa, zvichikonzera mwenje wakawanda.
Naizvozvo, kana iwe uchitsvaga mwenje wakajairika, funga marambi ane yakakwira-lumen rating. Uye kana iwe uri muchimiro chekutaura kana basa remwenje uye uchida kuvhenekerwa kwakanangidzirwa, funga nezve yakakwirira candela-yakatemerwa mababu.
| Zvikonzero | Lumens (lm) | Candela (cd) |
| Kufunga kwechiedza chekutungamira | Nzvimbo dzese (360° sphere) | Yakananga gwara (pane imwe kona) |
| Beam Angle | Wide | Njere |
| Dependence | Kukosha kunoenderana nekubuda kwechiedza chenzvimbo | Kukosha kunoenderana neiyo beam concentration mune imwe nzira. |
| Kushandiswa kwakajairika | General lighting; semuenzaniso, chubhu mwenje, girobhu, floodlight, nezvimwe. | Yakatarisana nemwenje, senge maspotlights, laser mwenje, track mwenje, nezvimwe. |
Yakazara Kusiyanisa Chati: Candela vs Lux vs Lumens
| Magadzirirwo | Candela | Lux | Lumens |
| Mucherechedzo (SI) | cd | lx | lm |
| tsananguro | Candela ndiyo chiyero chekupenya kwechiedza chechiedza pane imwe kona uye nzira. | Huwandu hwekuvhenekera hunorova pa square metre nharaunda iLux. | Lumen inoratidza kubuda kwechiedza kumativi ese. |
| Nzira | Luminous Intensity | Chiedza | Kuvhenekesa Flux |
| Kutsamira paKure | Aihwa | Ehe | Aihwa |
| Kutsamira paSurface Area | Aihwa | Ehe | Aihwa |
Maitiro ekuverenga Candela, Lux, uye Lumens?
Kuverenga Candela
1 candela yakaenzana ne12.57 lumens. Zvakadaro, kana ukaona kuyerwa kwegirobhu kuchiti 1000lm, hazvireve kuti kupenya kwegirobhu (cd) kwegirobhu zvakare 1000cd. Iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezvekona yakasimba yechiedza chakavhenekerwa kuti uwane lumen. Formula inoenda se:
| Candela = ( Lumen/Solid angle) cd = (lm/sr) |
Kureva kuti, girobhu rine kupenya kwe1000lm, richigovera kupenya kwaro pamusoro pekona yakasimba ye2π steradians, ine kupenya kwakanyanya (cd) ye (1000lm/2π sr) = (1000/6.2832) ≈159.15 cd.
(Cherechedza: Vale ye π (pie) ≈ 3.14159)
Kuverenga Lux
Lux kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwechiedza chinoburitswa ne1-lumen girobhu pane imwe sikweya mita. Saka, formula inoenda sezvinotevera:
| 1 Lux = 1 Lumen paskweya mita Kana kuti, 1 lx = 1 lm/m² |
Kureva, kana iwe ukaisa 1000 lumen mwenje mu50 square mita kamuri, kuvhenekera pamusoro kuchave: (1000 lm/50m²) = 20lx.
Kuverenga Lumen
Iwe unogona kuverenga lumen uchifunga zvese candela uye lux. Tichifunga nezvekukosha kwecandela, fomula ye lumen inoenda seinotevera:
| Lumen = Candela x Solid angle 1 lm = 1 cd·sr |
Semuenzaniso, kana uine girobhu rine kupenya kwe100 cd uye yakasimba kona ye2π sr, kukosha kwayo kwe lumen i100 cd×2π sr =100×6.2832 =628.32 lm.
Nekudaro, kuti uwane kukosha kwe lumen uchishandisa lux, unofanirwa kufunga nezve nzvimbo yakavhenekerwa pamusoro. Formula inoenda se:
| Lumen = Lux x Nzvimbo lm = lx × m² |
Ngatitii, pasi ine 5 square mita nzvimbo inogamuchira kuvhenekera kwe200 lx. Iyo lumen kukosha kwegirobhu ichave: 200lx x 5m² = 1000lm.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kukosha kweCandela, Lux, uye Lumens
1. Kure
Kukosha kwelux kunoenderana nechinhambwe chenzvimbo yakavhenekerwa / chinhu uye mwenje sosi. Lux inoenzana zvakapesana kune sikweya yechinhambwe. Semuenzaniso, kana chinhambwe chikawedzera nekaviri, iyo lux kukosha ichadzikira kusvika 1/4th yekutanga kukosha.
Candela uye lumen kukosha hakuchinje nechinhambwe. Semuenzaniso, 1000-lumen girobhu inoburitsa 1000-lumen kunyangwe ukamira 1m kure kana gumi kubva pairi. Zvisinei, chiedza chichaita sechisina kujeka sezvaunoenda kure nechiedza.
2. Angle Of Radiance
A kona diki inoburitsa yakanyanya kudzika mwenje, ichiwedzera kukosha kwe candela uye lux. Zvekare, kune yakafara kona, nzvimbo yenzvimbo yakavhenekerwa inowedzera, uye inoderedza iyo candela uye lux kukosha. Zvisinei, kukosha kwe lumen kunoramba kusina kukanganiswa nekona yekupenya.
3. Ruminous Efficiency
Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekuisa simba, kukosha kwe lumen kwechiedza kunowedzerawo. Nekudaro, kuti uve nechokwadi chekuvhenekera kwakanaka, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve wattage yesimba sosi. Chiedza chinopa kupenya kwakajeka nemazinga akaderera emvura ane yakanyanya kupenya inoshanda.
Kushanda Kushandisa kweCandela, Lux, uye Lumen Ratings Mukusarudza Iyo Yakarurama Fixture
Candela, lux, uye lumen pamwe chete vanokutungamira mukutora mwenje wakakodzera kune chero rudzi rwekushandisa. Aya ndiwo maitiro aunofanirwa kushandisa aya mayunitsi panguva chiedza kugadzira:
| General Lighting | Kumba Kwemwenje Dhizaini | • Candela inotungamira iwe kuti uwane yakawedzera kuvhenekera kuvhenekera basa • Lux inobatsira kutora mazinga akakodzera ekuvhenekera emakamuri akasiyana • Lumen rating inokupa iwe pfungwa yekupenya kwese kwenzvimbo yako. |
| Outdoor Street Lighting | • Candela inokutendera kuti usarudze marambi emumugwagwa akakodzera, kuve nechokwadi chekuonekwa kwakanaka. • Lux inokubatsira kuona kujekesa mumigwagwa. • Chiyero cheLumens chinokutungamira kuti mwenje wakajeka zvakakwana kuti uvheneke nzvimbo huru yakavhurika. | |
| Theatrical Stage Lighting | • Yakakwira candela kukosha inoita kuti kutariswa panhandare yemitambo kunogadzira matanda akatarisana nevatambi. • Tichifunga nezvekukosha kwehupfumi, unogona kuwana kupenya kwakasarudzika pachikuva. • Lumen ratings inoita kuti iwe uise ambience yese yedanho. Semuyenzaniso, yakaderera lumen ichaita kuti danho rive shoma, uye kune yakakwira lumen, nhanho yako ichaita seyakajeka. | |
| Professional Lightings | Architectural Lighting Designers | • Candela inokubatsira iwe mukuratidza zvakakosha zvinhu zvine yakanangwa danda angle • Lux chiyero chinokubatsira iwe kuunza yakanyanya kupenya mwero munzvimbo dzakasiyana • MaLumens anokutendera kuti usarudze mwero wekupenya wakakodzera kuti uvheneke zvivakwa zvako. |
| Vatori vemifananidzo uye Cinematographers | • Candela inotungamira kugadzirwa kweyakasarudzika mimvuri uye yakakwira yezvinodiwa zvekutora mafoto. • Nekufunga nezve lux kukosha, iwe unogona kuwana iyo yaunoda kuratidzwa kune yakadzama mapfuti. • Lumens inova nechokwadi chekuti chinhu chaunodzvanya uye kumashure kwacho kunoonekwa nemazvo. | |
| Kuvheneka kweMaindasitiri neKubasa | • Candela inotungamira kune yakajeka mwenje wakatarisana pane yekushanda • Lux inochengetedza mwenje wakakwana munzvimbo yekushanda • Lumens inopa mwenje wakawanda wekuchengetedza uye kuoneka kwakakodzera kwevashandi. | |
| Urban Planners uye Guta Vagadziri | • Candela, lux, uye lumen inotungamira mugadziri mukumisikidza chaiyo mumigwagwa, mumigwagwa, uye munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. | |
| Retail uye Visual Merchandisers | • Candela inokubatsira mukuratidza zvinhu zvakasarudzika • Lux inova nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yako yekuratidzira ine mwenje wakajeka • Lumen inovimbisa ambience yakasununguka kumutengi kuti awedzere ruzivo rwavo rwekutenga. |
Mafungiro Akajairika Pamusoro peCandela, Lux, uye Lumens
Kuenzanisa Watts nekupenya
Mafungiro asiriwo anonyanyozivikanwa pamusoro pekupenya kwechiedza kuyera nemagetsi. Rangarira, mawatts anotsanangura mashandisirwo emagetsi egirobhu, kwete kupenya kwayo. Semuenzaniso, 1000-lumen incandescent girobhu ine 65-wattage rating, asi mwenje we LED unogona kupa kupenya kwakafanana ne10-15 watts chete.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti mwenje we LED unogona kuunza kupenya kwakafanana negirobhu reincandescent, richipisa simba shoma. Izvi zvinoita kuti ma LED awedzere kushanda nesimba.
Kufuratira Angle uye Directionality
Chimwe chikanganiso chakajairika kusafunga kuongorora kona uye kwakanangana nemwenje sosi uchifunga kukosha kwecandela. Candela inoyera kusimba kwechiedza munzira chaiyo. Saka, unofanira kufungisisa kona yemwenje uye nzira yekuwana iyo inodiwa yakatariswa mwenje.
Kutarisa Zvakanyanya paLumens Yega
Paunenge uchitenga chero mwenje wemwenje, iyo lumen rating ndiyo yega matrix inotariswa ne98% yevanhuwo zvavo. Asi itsika isiriyo, uye haugone kuwana yaunoda mwenje mhedzisiro uchitarisa chete kukosha kwe lumen.
Semuyenzaniso, kana iwe uchitenga maspotlights kuratidza dhizaini yako, funga kukosha kwe candela. Nenzira iyi, kuti uwane iyo yakakwana mwenje kubuda, tora ese matatu matrices mukufunga.
Matambudziko Mukuyera uye Kuturikira Candela, Lux, uye Lumens
- Kusiyana kwechiedza chechiedza uye zvakatipoteredza zvinokanganisa kuyerwa kwechiedza matrix. Nekudaro, iyo yakajairwa kuyerwa maitiro e candela, lux, uye lumen dzimwe nguva inotungamira kune kusarongeka.
- Nyanzvi dzinowanzobata nekukanganisa mukududzira kona uye kwakanangana nechiedza. Izvi zvinoshandura kukosha kwecandela.
- Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekuvhenekesa, pane kudiwa kukuru kwekuvandudza nzira uye michina yekuyera zvivakwa zvemwenje.
Ndeipi Iyo Yakajairwa Mwenje Yekuyeresa Unit Ye LED Strips?
As Magetsi strip magetsi anonyanya kugadzirirwa kuvhenekera mwenje, chiyero chayo chekuyeresa mwenje malumens. Asi, isu tinowanzo kanganisa kuyera kupenya kwe LED mitsetse ine wattage. Iyoyo itsika isina kunaka sezvo marambi akasiyana ane hunyanzvi hwekupenya hwakasiyana.
Nekudaro, kukosha kwe lumens kunosiyana nemuvara weiyo LED mutsara. Semuyenzaniso, chena LED mitsetse vane lumen yakakwira kukosha kupfuura mavara e LED ane mavara.
Kunze kwezvo, zvichienderana nekushandisa, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve mamwe mayunitsi se- candela uye lux zvakare.
MaLumens & Wattage Anoenderana Sei?
MaLumen anoratidza kuburitsa kwese kuburitswa nemwenje, nepo wattage iri simba rinoshandiswa kufambisa mwenje. Zvakadaro, kutonga kushanda kwechiedza, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve kugona kwechiedza nekuziva lumen uye Wattage kukosha.
Muchiitiko ichi, magetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi ndiwo anonyanya kushanda. Nekuti ivo vanogadzira yakakwira lumen rate vachishandisa shoma simba (wattage). Ndosaka ichinzi magirobhu ekuchengetedza simba.
Kubudirira kwechiedza kunoverengwa se lumen pa watt. Ndiko kuti:
| Kushanda Kwechiedza, E = lm/W |
Saka, kushanda kwechiedza kunowedzera kana kushanda kwacho kuchivandudza. Panguva imwecheteyo, mwenje wepamusoro-soro unoderedza mari yako yemagetsi.
FAQs
Wrapping Up
Kunyangwe candela, lux, uye lumen kuyera chiedza, ese ari matatu mayuniti akasiyana. Saka, haufanirwe kusanganisa kana kuachinjanisa. Kuti uwane yakanakisa mwenje yekuseta, funga ese matatu mayunitsi padivi nepadivi apo chiedza dhizaini.
Nekudaro, kuti uve nechokwadi chekuyerwa kwechiyero kunotaurwa mune mwenje kurongedza, tenga zvigadziriso kubva kumabhuranzi akavimbika. Zvakare, tarisa yavo kutaura kuti ichokwadi kuitira kuvimbiswa kuri nani.
