Shin kun taɓa mamakin yadda fitilun waje na wuraren kasuwanci ko titin duhu a kunna gaba ɗaya? Mafi mahimmanci, an yi su ta atomatik tare da photocells.
Photocell ko sarrafa hoto yana da yuwuwar sauƙaƙe rayuwar ku lokacin da aka haɗa su da fitilu masu wayo. Sa'an nan kuma ba za ku damu da karin makamashi ba kwata-kwata! Waɗannan sel ɗin hoto za su kunna ko kashe ta atomatik gwargwadon hasken da ke akwai. Bayan haka, ana iya amfani da wannan kayan haɗi a ciki haske yanayi, ƙararrawa masu kutse, da ƙofofi ta atomatik don yi muku hidima tare da mafi girman dacewa.
Don haka, ci gaba da karantawa kuma gano wasu manyan zaɓuɓɓukan juyawa don nemo madaidaicin photocell don saitin ku.
Menene Photocell?
Photocell ƙarami ne, mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, kuma mai sauƙin amfani mai sauƙin amfani. Na'urar firikwensin da ke canza juriyar da'irar lantarki dangane da adadin hasken da ke cikin kewaye. Don haka, yana taimakawa sarrafa fitilu masu wayo da sauran na'urori ta atomatik. Bugu da ƙari, ya zo da siffofi da girma dabam dabam don amfani da shi don kayan aikin haske daban-daban.
Menene Photocell Ya Yi?
Semiconductor Material
Kayan abu na semiconductor shine babban ɓangaren photocell. Tsarin photocell ya dogara da nau'in kayan semiconductor wanda ke canza juriya na lantarki don amsawa ga ƙarfin haske.
Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) an fi amfani dashi a cikin photocells. A gaskiya ma, wani lokaci ana kiran photocells CdS Kwayoyin. Yana da kula da hasken da ake iya gani kuma farashi kaɗan kaɗan. Baya ga wannan, ana amfani da Cadmium Selenide (CdSe), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), da Cesium (Cs) don aikace-aikace na musamman.
Karfafawa
Ana amfani da matsuguni ko murfi don ƙulla mahimman abubuwan semiconductor daga mawuyacin yanayi na muhalli. Wannan encapsulation yana ƙara tsawon rayuwa da aikin photocell.
Ƙirarradi
Ana haɗa na'urorin lantarki guda biyu zuwa semiconductor wanda ke sauƙaƙe tafiyar halin yanzu lokacin da aka fallasa su ga haske. Daya daga cikin na'urorin da aka yi da conductive abubuwa kamar karafa, da kuma sauran na m conductors kamar Indium Tin Oxide (ITO).
Haɗin Kai
Akwai wayoyi da ake kira haɗin kai da ke haɗe da na'urorin lantarki. Kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, yana haifar da haɗi tsakanin photocell da tsarin hasken wuta. Ana watsa siginar lantarki ta waɗannan jagororin.
Rufin Kariya
Wani lokaci, ana ba da suturar kariya akan kayan semiconductor don ƙarin kariya. Yana kare semiconductor daga abubuwan waje kuma yana ƙara ƙarfinsa.
Housing
Gidaje shine katafaren rumfa ko katafaren wurin da hoton cell ya kasance. Wajibi ne don sauƙi shigarwa da kuma hawan photocell a cikin kayan aikin hasken wuta da tsarin sarrafawa.
Tace Na gani (Na zaɓi)
A wasu lokuta, ana amfani da tacewa na gani a cikin photocell don iyakance tsawon tsawon haske wanda zai iya kaiwa semiconductor. Yana sarrafa martanin photocell zuwa takamaiman hanyoyin haske ko yanayin yanayi.
Ta yaya Photocell Aiki?
Hoton hoto ko firikwensin haske yana kwaikwayon ka'idar aiki na tasirin photoelectric wanda Albert Einstein ya bayyana a cikin 1905. Anan, photocell yana amfani da resistor mai dogaro da haske (LDR) wanda ke ƙunshe da kayan semiconductor. A al'ada, ana amfani da Cadmium Sulfide don wannan kayan.
Lokacin da haske ya shiga photocell, makamashin haske yana motsa electrons don motsawa da ƙirƙirar wutar lantarki. A lokaci guda, juriya na photocell yana raguwa, wanda ke ba da damar ƙarin kwararar lantarki. Wannan kwararar electrons yana kashe hasken. Na'urar firikwensin zai iya gano matakin ƙarfin haske. A lokacin rana, zai ba da izinin kwararar lantarki, kuma za a kashe hasken.
Lokacin da ya yi duhu, juriya na photocell yana ƙaruwa, wutar lantarki yana tsayawa, kuma firikwensin yana kunna haske. Wannan aiki ta atomatik yana ba da ikon sarrafa haske mai ƙarfi ba tare da wani aiki na hannu ba.
Nau'in Photocells
Dangane da Matsayin Masana'antu Da Aikace-aikace
1. NEMA photocells
NEMA photocells suna tsaye ne ga Ƙungiyar Masu Kera Wutar Lantarki ta ƙasa waɗanda ke zuwa tare da tsarin sarrafa hoto na waya da na'urorin sarrafa hasken kulle-kulle. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani dashi don kunnawa da kashe fitilu. Ana amfani da kwas ɗin NEMA 3-pin, 5-pin, da 7-pin don fitilun titi ko hasken wuta. Koyaya, yana da iyakantaccen aiki dangane da dacewa da shi kaifin baki.
2. Zhaga photocells
Zhaga photocells sun ƙunshi soket na Zhaga da firikwensin firikwensin. Hakanan, ana amfani dashi don tsarin hasken LED na zamani da wayo. Yana da sassauƙa kuma yana ba da damar ayyuka daban-daban kamar dimming, haɗakar firikwensin, sarrafa ci gaba, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ba a buƙatar wiring yayin shigar da wannan photocell.
Bisa Ka'idar Aiki
1. Photoconductive Kwayoyin
Wannan na'urar lantarki tana aiki azaman resistor mai saurin haske. Hakanan an san shi azaman resistor mai dogaro da haske (LDR) ko photoresistor. Wannan na'urar semiconductor tana canza juriyar wutar lantarki bisa ga canje-canjen ƙarfin haske. Tare da ƙarin haske akan tantanin halitta, juriya yana raguwa, kuma ƙarin gudanawar yanzu. Sabanin haka, juriya yana ƙaruwa a gaban ƙananan haske da ƙananan gudanawar yanzu.
2. Kwayoyin Hoto
Kwayoyin photovoltaic suna canza makamashin hasken rana zuwa makamashin lantarki. Don ƙarin bayani, abin da ke tattare da semiconductor na sel yana ɗaukar photons na hasken rana kuma yana haifar da kwararar electrons. A sakamakon haka, an samar da wutar lantarki, wanda aka sani da hasken rana.
3. Kwayoyin Hoto
Kwayoyin photoemissive an san su da phototubes, waɗanda ke bin tsarin tasirin hoto. Bugu da ƙari, kayan wannan tantanin halitta suna fitar da electrons lokacin da aka samar da makamashi ga kayan. Na farko, electrons ɗin da ke cikin kayan sun yi farin ciki kuma su yi tsalle zuwa mafi girma orbits. Bayan haka, yana fitar da makamashi kuma ya zo ga ainihin tashoshi.
4. Kwayoyin Golay
Kwayoyin Golay suna aiki ta hanyar jin infrared radiation. Misali, silinda farantin karfe mai baƙar fata yana cike da iskar xenon a gefe ɗaya. Bayan haka, makamashin IR ya faɗi akan farantin baki kuma yana dumama gas. Gas mai zafi yana lanƙwasa sassauƙan diaphragm a ɗayan ƙarshen silinda. Wannan motsi yana daidaita matakin makamashin fitarwa.
5. Na'urorin Haɗaɗɗen Caji (CCDs)
Na'urorin da aka haɗa caji suna da matsakaicin daidaito idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙwayoyin hoto. Lokacin da wani abu ya nuna photons, wannan na'urar tana ɗaukar su kuma ta karya hoton zuwa pixels.
6. Mai daukar hoto
Nau'in ganowa ne mai matukar damuwa. Wannan na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto na iya ninka hasken da ba shi da tabbas da sau miliyan 100.
Dangane da Nau'in fitarwa
1. Analog Photocells
Analog photocells suna haifar da ci gaba da ƙarfin lantarki ko halin yanzu wanda ke canzawa daidai gwargwado zuwa adadin hasken da aka gano. Wadannan photocells suna ba da ingantaccen ma'auni na ƙarfin haske. Don haka, ana amfani da shi a cikin kyamarori da kayan aikin kimiyya don sarrafa lokacin fallasa da matakan haske. Photoresistor misali ne na photocell na analog.
2. Digital Photocells
Ɗauren hoto na dijital yakan haifar da fitarwa na binary dangane da saita ƙofa na haske. Ana amfani da shi wajen sauya ayyukan da ke kunna ko kashe fitilu lokacin da matakin haske ya faɗi ƙasa da wani matakin. Hakanan, fitilun titi da ƙararrawa masu sarrafa kansu suna amfani da wannan photocell.
Aikace-aikace Na Photocells
Hasken Ƙari
Ana amfani da photocells don sarrafa fitilun waje na lambun, patio, titin mota, hanyar wucewa, kofa, da sauransu. Yin amfani da photocells a waɗannan wuraren zai ƙara gani da tsaro ta atomatik bisa ga na yanayi mai haske matakin.
Fitilar titi
Photocells da ake amfani da su a fitilun titi suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙarancin amfani da makamashi. Misali, suna kunna fitulu da yamma da kuma kashewa da asuba ba tare da wani aikin hannu ba.
Hasken hasken ciki
Kuna iya haɗa photocells cikin tsarin hasken cikin gida don daidaita matakin haske ta atomatik.
Tsaro Systems
Hakanan ana amfani da ƙwayoyin hoto a cikin tsarin tsaro daban-daban, kamar ƙararrawar ɓarawo, don kunna ƙararrawar ta gano tsangwama a cikin fitin haske. Baya ga haka, ana amfani da shi wajen sa ido kan shiga dakuna ko gine-gine. Yana rikodin shigarwa da fita abubuwan da suka faru na wurin lokacin da hasken wuta ya katse.
Ƙofofin atomatik
Wani faffadan amfani da photocells shine sarrafa buɗe kofa da rufewa da su. Lokacin da katako mai haske yana katsewa, kewayawa ta buɗe, kuma na'urar relay tana kunna. Wannan taron yana ba da isasshen ƙarfi don buɗe ko rufe ƙofar ta atomatik. A wasu kalmomi, photocells na ƙofofin atomatik suna tabbatar da ayyuka marasa hannu.
Ikon kyamara
Ana amfani da ƙwayoyin hoto a cikin mitoci masu ɗaukar hoto tare da kyamarori don ingantacciyar hoto. Yana taimakawa wajen sanin daidai lokacin fallasa don samun hoto mai kyau.
Hasken Mita
Kwayoyin hoto da ke cikin mitoci masu haske suna auna ƙarfin haske. Anan, photocells suna aiki azaman na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ke canza ƙarfin haske zuwa siginar lantarki. Bayan haka, wannan siginar yana taimakawa sarrafa tsarin hasken wuta ta atomatik.
Lokaci
Amfani da photocells a cikin masu ƙididdige lokaci, ana ƙididdige lokaci da saurin tseren a cikin tsere.
Ta yaya Za'a Ketare Photocell?
Idan kana so ka ci gaba da kunna haskenka ko sarrafa shi ta hanyar sauyawa ko mai ƙidayar lokaci, ketare photocell ta amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa.
Hanyar 1: Amfani da Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwa
Lokacin da aka ɗora ƙwayoyin hoto a waje ta hanyar kwasfa na kulle-kulle ko adaftar, maye gurbin photocell tare da gajeriyar hula. Sannan zaku iya saita hasken a cikin yanayin yanayi koyaushe yayin da kuke kiyaye kewayawar fitilar LED a rufe. Har ila yau, za ku iya sarrafa fitilu a waje tare da tsakiyar photocell ko canza tsarin.
Hanyar 2: Amfani da DIP Switch ko Slide Switch
Za ku sami maɓalli na DIP ko maɓalli a cikin fitilun alfarwa da fitilun sito daga faɗuwar rana zuwa wayewar gari. Amfani da waɗannan, zaku kunna ko kashe firikwensin photocell bisa ga buƙatun ku. A zahiri, ba a buƙatar sakewa ko maye gurbin kowane sashi ta wannan hanyar.
Hanyar 3: Cire haɗin Wiring
Photocells da aka samu a cikin fakitin bango ana saurin wucewa ta hanyar cire haɗin wayar. Don haka, cire haɗin photocell kuma sarrafa fitilun yadda kuke so.
Hanyar 4: Rufe Sensor na ɗan lokaci
Maimakon wucewa ta dindindin, za ka iya ketare photocell na ɗan lokaci ta hanyar rufe firikwensin. Da farko, nemo ƙaramar firikwensin baƙar fata zagaye ko murabba'i akan na'urar haske. Sannan a yi amfani da baƙar tef ɗin lantarki ko yadi mai kauri don rufe shi. Ta wannan hanyar, firikwensin zai yi tunanin dare ne, kuma fitilu za su kunna.
Yadda Ake Zaban Photocell Dama?
Nau'in hawa
Yayin zabar photocell, kana buƙatar la'akari da yadda za a saka shi. Misali, nau'in photocell zai bambanta dangane da matsayinsa na hawa akan sanda, bango, ko cikin na'ura. Don haka, zaɓi photocell mai jituwa dangane da wurin hawa.
Nau'in haske
Zane na photocell yana canzawa bisa ga kwan fitila iri. Don haka, yi la'akari da wane nau'in hasken da kuke aiki da shi, misali, LED, incandescent, ko wasu, kafin zaɓin photocell.
Amsar Spectral
Kowane photocell yana da takamaiman kayan daukar hoto tare da amsawar sa na musamman. Abin da ya sa dole ne a yi la'akari da amsawar kallo yayin zabar photocell don takamaiman aikace-aikacen.
Daidaituwa Da Buƙatun Wutar Lantarki
Kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa photocells sun dace da tsarin hasken da kuke ciki kafin siyan su. Misali, tabbatar da photocell ɗin ku ya cika buƙatun ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin ku don guje wa lalacewa ko rashin aiki.
Kimar Muhalli
Akwai matakan juriya na Ultraviolet (UV). Ƙididdiga na Kariyar Ingress (IP). ƙarƙashin nau'in ƙimar muhalli don photocells. Na farko, ƙimar IP tana nufin yadda ake kare photocell daga ƙura da ruwa. Ya ƙunshi lambobi biyu, inda lambobi na farko ke ƙayyade kariya daga daskararru kamar ƙura, tarkace, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, lamba ta biyu tana nufin kariya daga ruwa kamar ruwa. Mafi girman ƙimar, mafi girman matakin kariya. Misali, ƙimar IP65 yana nufin cewa an kiyaye hoton hoto daga ƙura da ƙananan jiragen ruwa daga kowace hanya. Bugu da ƙari, ƙimar IP67 yana nufin ana kiyaye shi daga ƙura da nutsewa cikin ruwa har zuwa mintuna 30.
Na biyu, ƙimar juriya ta UV na nufin ko photocells za su iya jurewa hasken ultraviolet fallasa a wani waje waje. Photocells tare da isassun juriya na UV na iya jurewa tsayin daka ga hasken rana ba tare da lalata aikin ba.
Farashi da Fa'idar Fa'ida
Dole ne ku yi la'akari da farashin sayan farko da sauran farashi na dogon lokaci da ke hade da photocells, ciki har da farashin kulawa, yiwuwar maye gurbin, da dai sauransu Sannan ƙayyade idan wannan adadin kuɗin yana da daraja don ƙimar da fa'idodin da aka bayar.
marufi
Ana amfani da nau'ikan sutura daban-daban, irin su gilashi, ƙarfe, ko filastik filastik, a cikin marufi na photocell. Yi la'akari da ribobi da fursunoni na kowane nau'in marufi kuma zaɓi wanda ya dace a gare ku. Misali, zaɓi murfin ƙarfe don samun iyakar kariya. A madadin, idan kuna da iyakanceccen kasafin kuɗi kuma kuna buƙatar photocells don hasken titi, to ku je don murfin filastik.
Temperatuur Range
Kayan aikin hoto suna aiki mafi kyau a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na -40 ° C zuwa 75 ° C. Don haka, la'akari da zafin jiki na wurin kafin siyan photocells.
Yadda ake Sanya Photocell?
Anan ga jagorar ƙwararru akan yadda zaku iya shigar da photocell cikin sauƙi da aminci:
Mataki 01: Zaɓin Wurin Shigar da Photocell
Ana shigar da ƙwayoyin hoto a wurare daban-daban don dalilai daban-daban. Misali, ana shigar da faifan bangon bango don haskakawa a waje, ɗigon hoton da aka ɗora na cikin gida ne, sannan kuma igiyoyin hoto masu ɗamara don fitilu na titi. Don haka, yanke shawarar wurin da za a shigar da photocell shine aikinku na farko. Har ila yau, tabbatar da cewa wurin bai fallasa ga matsanancin zafi, danshi, ko hasken rana kai tsaye.
Mataki na 02: Zaɓin Tsayi da Kwangi Don Shigarwa
Zaɓi tsayin da ya dace da kusurwa don shigarwa na photocell. Gabaɗaya, ana ba da shawarar ƙafa 6-8 don hawan photocell. Bugu da ƙari, kusurwar photocell ya kamata ya dace da yankin da ke buƙatar haske.
Mataki na 03: Kashe Mai Kashe Wuta
Yanzu, kashe na'urar kashe wutar lantarki don rufe tushen wutar lantarki na tsarin hasken ku.
Mataki na 04: Wargaza Gidajen Dake Kunna Fitilar
A wannan lokacin, ware abubuwan da ke cikin gidajen da ke riƙe da fitilun. Hakanan, cire haɗin baƙar fata da ke haɗa gidan da hasken wuta.
Mataki 05: Haɗa Photocell
Akwai bakaken wayoyi guda biyu akan photocells. Yanzu haɗa ɗayan waɗannan wayoyi zuwa bakaken wayoyi masu zuwa daga ginin. Karkatar da wayar tagulla da aka fallasa don tabbatar da haɗin gwiwa. Bayan haka, haɗa waya ta biyu na photocell tare da baƙar fata na hasken wuta.
Mataki na 06: Rufe Sabbin Haɗin
Yanzu yi amfani da iyakoki na lantarki don rufe sabbin haɗin gwiwa. Don zama lafiya, tabbatar da cewa babu fallasa waya ta jan karfe. Sannan gwada photocell ta hanyar kunna wuta baya a mai karyawa. Yi amfani da hannuwanku don rufe photocell. Idan fitulun sun kunna, to yana aiki daidai. A ƙarshe, gama aikin ta hanyar mayar da hasken wuta tare.
Nasihun Kulawa Don Photocells
Tsabtatawa na yau da kullun
Kuna buƙatar tsaftace fuskar photocell tare da laushi, bushe bushe don cire datti na waje. Kada kayi amfani da sinadarai masu tsauri waɗanda zasu iya lalata firikwensin.
Cire Hanyoyi
Bincika idan akwai wasu abubuwa na zahiri da ke hana photocell. Cire shi don tabbatar da cikakken aiki na photocell don gano haske.
Duba Haɗin Wutar Lantarki
Bincika idan duk haɗin wutar lantarki amintattu ne kuma ba su da lalata. Gyara hanyoyin da ba a kwance ba nan da nan don hana ƙarin lalacewa.
Tabbatar da Daidaita Daidaitawa
Idan tsarin hasken ku yana da rabe-raben watsawa da raka'a mai karɓa, daidaita su da kyau don ingantaccen aikin photocell.
Matsalolin gama gari da Tukwici na magance matsala
Kada ku damu idan kun fuskanci matsala tare da photocell. Kawai shiga cikin shawarwarin warware matsalar da ke ƙasa kuma sami mafita nan take!
Matsala ta 01: Fitillun Baya Kunnawa Ko Kashe
Magani: Na farko, bincika idan wani abu yana toshe ra'ayin photocell na tushen hasken. Cire toshewar kuma a sake dubawa. Bugu da ƙari, yi amfani da na'urar multimeter don tabbatar da cewa haɗin wayar yana da tsaro. Baya ga haka, bincika tsaga ko lalacewar ruwa. Idan akwai mummunar lalacewa, maye gurbin zai iya zama dole.
Matsala ta 02: Fitilar Fitillu
Magani: Bincika don sako-sako da wayoyi ko kuskure kuma gyara shi daidai. Bugu da kari, tabbatar da cewa photocell baya jin haske daga wasu kafofin. Har ila yau, don wuraren da ke da haske mai canzawa, yi amfani da photocell tare da ginanniyar jinkiri.
Matsala 03: Photocells Ba Amsa ga Canje-canjen Haske ba
Magani: Daidaita saitunan hankali na photocells bisa ga muhalli. Hakanan, guje wa nuna shi kai tsaye zuwa hasken da yake sarrafawa yayin shigarwa.
Matsala 04. Yawan danna Hayaniyar
Magani: Idan photocell naka yana yin amo mai wuce gona da iri, duba idan akwai gazawar ciki kuma gyara shi daidai. Bugu da ƙari, tabbatar da wutar lantarki da kuma nauyin da aka haɗa zai iya magance wannan matsala.
Matsala ta 05: Fitillu na Kunnawa A Lokacin Kuskuren
Magani: Guji hasken wucin gadi kai tsaye yayin shigar da photocell. Ya kamata kawai a fallasa shi ga haske mai haske. Don haka, zaɓi wurin da ke da kariya daga tushen hasken kai tsaye.
FAQs
Kwayar
Photocells wani muhimmin ƙari ne ga tsarin hasken wuta mai sarrafa kansa na wuri. Hakanan ya dace da amfani na cikin gida da waje. Yanzu da kuka san fa'idodin amfani da photocells a cikin fitilun LED masu wayo, zaɓi zaɓuɓɓukan hasken LED, farawa daga. sanduna linzamin kwamfuta na zamani, LED tsiri, to LED Neon Flex daga LEDY Lighting.
Bayan haka, zaku sami samfuran da ake so gwargwadon buƙatun ku, tare da zaɓuɓɓukan gyare-gyare daban-daban. Haka kuma, muna ba ku garanti na shekaru 3 zuwa 5 akan kayan aikin mu. Don haka, tuntube mu ASAP don sanya odar ku!
