Idan fitilun LED ɗinku ba su haskaka bayan wayoyi, kar a ɗauke su sun lalace ko sun karye. Madadin haka, bincika idan an shigar da hasken a daidai polarity. Amma menene polarity, kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci ga fitilun LED?
Polarity shine jagorancin gudana na yanzu a cikin hasken LED ko kowace na'urar lantarki. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar tabbatacce (anode) da korau (cathode) tashoshi. Kuna buƙatar kiyaye daidaito a cikin polarity yayin haɗa fitilun LED zuwa tushen wutar lantarki. Ƙaƙƙarfan polarity ba daidai ba zai hana gudanawar yanzu, kuma fitilu ba za su yi haske ba.
Kuna son ƙarin sani game da polarity na fitilun LED? Karanta wannan labarin, kuma koyaushe za ku tafi daidai tare da shigarwar hasken LED. Na ambaci wasu ingantattun hanyoyin gano polarity na LEDs. Don haka, me ya sa kuma? Shiga cikin tattaunawar-
Me kuke nufi da Polarity na Fitilar LED?
Gudun da ke gudana a cikin hasken LED ko diode yana da ƙayyadaddun alkibla, wanda aka nuna ta polarity. Kamar kowane ɓangaren lantarki, hasken LED yana da tabbataccen (+) da ƙarshen (-). Ƙarshen tabbatacce ana kiransa anode, kuma ana kiran mummunan ƙarshen cathode. Wutar lantarki yana gudana daga anode zuwa cathode, mai mahimmanci ga hasken firikwensin LED. An san wannan shugabanci a matsayin polarity na hasken LED.
Kuna iya la'akari da polarity azaman sanduna biyu na hasken LED, inda ɗayan sandar ya kasance tabbatacce (anode) ɗayan kuma mara kyau (cathode). Dole ne ku kula da wannan polarity yayin shigar da hasken don tabbatar da hasken yana haskakawa.
Kuna buƙatar haɗa madaidaicin ƙarshen hasken LED (anode) zuwa ƙarshen madaidaicin direba ko tushen wutar lantarki da ƙarancin haske (cathode) zuwa mummunan ƙarshen tushen. Idan ba a kiyaye polarity ba, hasken ba zai haskaka ba.
Ta yaya Polarity na Hasken LED ke aiki?
Fitilar LED ana yin su ne da na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta hanyar abin da na yanzu ke gudana. Duk da haka, tsarin tafiyar da halin yanzu na semiconductor ya bambanta da na waya na yau da kullum. A cikin semiconductor, a PN junction an halicce su ta hanyar ƙazantattun abubuwan ƙara kuzari. An rarraba waɗannan ƙazanta zuwa bambance-bambancen guda biyu- nau'in p-nau'in abu da nau'in n-nau'i.
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su azaman ƙazanta don ƙirƙirar ɗimbin ramuka (masu ɗaukar kaya masu inganci) a cikin semiconductor an san su da p-type kayan. A wannan bangaren, n-nau'in abu yana nufin kayan da ke ba da ɗimbin abubuwan lantarki (masu ɗaukar nauyi mara kyau). Wurin da waɗannan kayan p-type da n-type suka hadu ana kiran su PN junction. Yana tabbatar da wutar lantarki yana gudana ta hanya ɗaya, tare da toshe hanyar baya.
Kowane LED yana da iyakar biyu: anode (tabbatacce) da cathode (mara kyau), daidai da p da n yankuna. Da zarar kun haɗa anode zuwa madaidaicin madaidaicin kuma cathode zuwa mummunan tashar wutar lantarki, halin yanzu yana fara gudana. Yayin da na yanzu ke wucewa, electrons daga nau'in n-nau'in kayan suna motsawa zuwa nau'in p-type. Hakazalika, ramukan daga nau'in p-type suna motsawa zuwa nau'in nau'in n. Electrons suna haɗuwa tare da ramukan yayin da suke tafiya a kan mahadar PN. Wannan sake haɗawa yana sakin makamashi ta hanyar photons, wanda muke gani a matsayin haske.
NB: Electrons suna gudana ta hanyar da aka saba da kwararar na yanzu.
Koyaya, launin hasken ya dogara da semiconductor na LED. Suna da makada conduction da valence a bangarorin p da n. Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan makada ana kiransa gaps band. Lokacin da electrons suka faɗo daga band ɗin gudanarwa zuwa band ɗin valence yayin aikin sake haɗuwa, ana fitar da makamashi azaman haske.
Wannan makamashin hasken da aka fitar yayi dai-dai da tazarar bandeji na semiconductor. Tazarar band ya bambanta ga semiconductor daban-daban. Shi ya sa ake amfani da semiconductor daban-daban a cikin LED don kawo launukan haske daban-daban. Misali, Gallium Phosphide (GaP) yana samar da haske ja, rawaya, ko kore, yayin da Gallium Nitride (GAN) ana amfani da shuɗi da fari LEDs.
Don ƙarin koyo mai zurfi, karanta wannan labarin: Ta yaya Fitilar Fitilar LED ke Aiki?
Shin Polarity yana da mahimmanci ga LEDs?
Kula da polarity yana da mahimmanci ga LEDs. Juya polarity zai lalata da'ira, kuma LED fitilu ba zai haskaka. LED yana tsaye don Haske Emitting Diodes. Kamar sauran diodes, LED yana ba da damar wutar lantarki ta gudana ta hanya ɗaya kawai. Wannan yana yiwuwa ne kawai lokacin da kuka saita hasken don bin madaidaicin polarity.
Don haskaka LEDs, dole ne ku shiga ingantaccen ƙarshen hasken zuwa kyakkyawan ƙarshen tushen wutar lantarki. Hakazalika, mummunan ƙarshen hasken ya kamata a haɗa shi da mummunan ƙarshen tushen wutar lantarki. Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu yana gudana ta hanyar da ake so, yana ba da damar electrons don sake haɗawa da fitar da haske.
Idan ba a kiyaye polarity ba, idan kun haɗa tabbatacce zuwa korau ko akasin haka, LED zai toshe halin yanzu. Junction na PN zai kasance yana da kwararar ruwa a halin yanzu, kuma fitulun ba za su yi haske ba. Kodayake LEDs ba su lalace ba saboda juyar da polarity, wannan zai kawo cikas ga ƙirar kewaye. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta, amfani da juzu'in wutar lantarki fiye da ƙimar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na LED na iya lalata LED ɗin.
Yadda za a Gano Polarity na Fitilar LED?
Wasu fasalulluka na zahiri na fitilun LED zasu taimake ka gano polarity. Idan ba za ku iya ganowa ba, akwai wasu hanyoyi kuma; mu tattauna su duka:
Hanyar 1: Duba Tsawon Jagoran
Idan ka kalli diode, kafafu biyu ko jagora suna bayyane. Kuna iya bambanta tsayin ƙafafu cikin sauƙi. Mafi tsayi gubar shine anode (tasha mai kyau), kuma mafi guntu shine cathode (mara kyau). Koyaya, wannan ba hanya ce mara wauta ba ta gano polarity. Wataƙila an yanke ƙafafu ko an sayar da su don dacewa da shigarwa ba tare da sabuwar LED ba. A wannan yanayin, ta yaya za ku gane polarity na LED? Bi hanya ta gaba don wannan.
Hanyar 2: Nemo Flat Edge & Round Side
Sanya ido akan rumbun filastik na zahiri don nemo gefen lebur ko zagaye. LEDs suna da gefuna masu lebur kusa da ƙafa mara kyau da zagaye gefuna a gefen tabbatacce. Wannan alama ce mai taimako don gano polarity.
Hanyar 3: Gano Bambancin A Cikin Faranti
Yi nazari mai zurfi a cikin kwandon LED; za su iya zama bayyananne, ja, kore, rawaya, blue, da dai sauransu. Amma waɗannan galibi a bayyane suke, don haka zaka iya gani cikin sauƙi. Za ku sami faranti biyu na ƙarfe masu girma dabam. Babban farantin yana da alaƙa da gubar mara kyau na LED, cathode. An haɗa ƙaramin farantin zuwa ingantaccen gubar, LED anode. Don haka, idan ba za ku iya bambanta su ta hanyar lura da jagoranci / ƙafafu ba, yi amfani da wannan dabarar.
Hanyar 4: Yi amfani da Multimeter
Multimeter na'urar lantarki ce da ake amfani da ita don gwaje-gwajen diode, ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, ma'aunin juriya, da sauransu. Yana da bincike guda biyu (ja don tabbatacce da baƙar fata) da nuni na dijital. Don gano polarity, dole ne ka saita multimeter a cikin yanayin gwajin diode, yawanci ana alama kamar (▶|-).
NB: Idan multimeter naka bashi da yanayin diode, zaka iya amfani da yanayin juriya (Ω).
Da zarar an saita yanayin, haɗa jajayen binciken zuwa madaidaicin tashar shigarwar multimeter (sau da yawa ana yiwa alama alama. VmA ko makamancin haka). Hakazalika, saka binciken baƙar fata a cikin mara kyau ko na gama gari na multimeter (mai lakabin cOM).
Gwada LED ɗin ta hanyar taɓa jan binciken zuwa jagorar LED ɗaya da baƙar binciken zuwa ɗayan. Hasken zai haskaka haske idan an haɗa binciken ja zuwa anode (tasha mai kyau) kuma an haɗa binciken baƙar fata zuwa cathode (mara kyau).
Koyaya, idan hasken baya haskakawa, binciken bai dace da madaidaicin polarity ba. Juya binciken ta hanyar taɓa ja zuwa ɗayan gubar da baki zuwa sauran; Za ka ga haske yana haskakawa. Wannan hanya, za ka iya gane tabbatacce kuma korau karshen LED.
Hanyar 5: Yi Amfani da Batir Cell ɗin Tsabar
Yin amfani da baturi cell tsabar kudin kamar CR2032, za ka iya da sauri ƙayyade LED ta tabbatacce kuma korau kafafu. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar sanya ƙafafu na LED a kan tashoshi na baturi na tsabar kudin, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa. Idan hasken ya yi duhu, yana nufin ƙafar da ke taɓa gefen baturi shine anode (tabbatacce) na LED. Kuma ƙafar da ke taɓa madaidaicin baturi shine cathode (mara kyau) na LED. Idan bai yi haske ba, juya LED ɗin kuma a sake gwadawa.
Me zai faru idan kun kunna hasken LED a baya?
Idan ka waya fitilun LED a baya, hasken ba zai haskaka ba. Duk da haka, ba zai haifar da wani lahani ga LED ba. Idan kayi ƙoƙarin haɗin da ba daidai ba bisa kuskure, babu abin da zai firgita lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki ya yi ƙasa zuwa matsakaici. Amma idan LEDs ɗinku suna da alaƙa da babban ƙarfin lantarki, haɗin da ba daidai ba zai iya lalata LED ɗin. Don haka, idan kun haɗa fitilun LED da gangan a baya ko baya, gyara su ASAP.
Koyaya, wasu lokuta ana haɗa diodes masu juyawa a cikin kewayawa azaman ma'aunin kariya. Juyin wutar lantarki na gaba a kan diode na baya yawanci yayi ƙasa sosai (kusan 0.7V don daidaitaccen siliki diode). Wannan ƙarfin lantarki yana da rauni sosai don lalata diode. Yana kare LED ɗin yadda ya kamata daga babban juzu'in wutar lantarki wanda zai iya wuce ƙarfin rushewarsa na baya.
Yadda za a Gano Polarity na LED Strip Light?
Lura da alamar PCB yana ba ku damar gano polarity na LED ta gani. LED tubes suna da tagulla pads. A kan kowane kushin jan karfe, alamomi suna nuna polarity; za ku sami alamar '+' da '-'. Misali, fari ko LED tsiri mai launi ɗaya yana da alamomi masu kyau da mara kyau; za ka iya haɗa direba ko tushen wutar lantarki bin wannan odar polarity.
Bayan wannan, zai kuma jagorance ku wajen kiyaye polarity yayin haɗa mahara LED tube tare.
Koyaya, duk bambance-bambancen raƙuman LED ba su da alamar polarity iri ɗaya. Misali, tunable farin tube na iya samun alamomi kamar 'C+' da 'W+' maimakon '+' da '-.' Again, an RGB LED tsiri tare da na kowa anode yana da guda tabbatacce m (anode) raba ta duk uku launuka (Red, Green, Blue). Kuna buƙatar haɗa madaidaicin tasha (+) zuwa gefen ingantaccen wutar lantarki. Tashoshin launi guda ɗaya (R, G, B) an haɗa su zuwa ƙasa (mara kyau) ta hanyar mai sarrafawa ko kai tsaye. Jadawalin da ke ƙasa zai taimake ku don share manufar:
| LED Strop Polarity Chart | ||||
| LED Strip Type | Tabbatacce (+) | Korau (-) | Ƙarin Tashoshi | Launin Waya (Na al'ada) |
| Tushen LED Launi ɗaya | + ya da V+ | - ya da GND | Babu | Ja (Power), Baki (Ground) |
| Tushen Farin LED mai Tunawa | C+ (Cool White), W+ (Farin Dumi) | Ƙasar Rabawa | Babu | Ya bambanta (Cool White, Farin Dumi) |
| RGB LED tsiri (Na kowa Anode) | + (Na kowa Anode) | R- (Ja), G- (Green), B- (Blue) | Tashoshi guda ɗaya suna haɗi zuwa ƙasa | Ja (Power), Green (Ground for G), Blue (Ground for B), Ya bambanta (Ground don R) |
| RGB LED Strip (Common Cathode) | - (Cathode na kowa) | R+ (Ja), G+ (Green), B+ (Blue) | Tashoshi guda ɗaya suna haɗi zuwa tabbatacce | Black (Ground), Ja (Power for R), Green (Power for G), Blue (Power for B) |
| Tushen LED mai magana | + (Ikon) | - (Gida) | DI (Data In), CI (Clock In) (idan an zartar) | Ja (Power), Black (Ground), Ya bambanta (Bayanai, Agogo) |
NB: Launin waya da alamun polarity na iya bambanta ga masana'anta ko masana'anta daban-daban.
Baya ga duba jagorar gani, zaku iya amfani da multimeter don gano polarity na tube LED. Saita multimeter zuwa yanayin ci gaba. Sa'an nan, sanya multimeter bincike a kan tagulla tagulla na LED tsiri. Sautin ƙara daga na'urar yana nuna halin yanzu yana gudana a gaba (mai kyau zuwa mara kyau ta cikin LED). Wannan yana tabbatar da madaidaicin polarity.
Shirya matsala na gama-gari na LED Strip Polarity
Yayin kafawa ko wayoyi LED tsiri fitilu, ga al'amuran gama gari da za ku iya fuskanta tare da polarity:
Wahalar Nemo Alamar Polarity
Ana buga alamun polarity a cikin mintuna kaɗan akan PCB, kuma wasu ƙila ba su da wata alama. Waɗannan alamomin na iya zama ƙanƙanta don kunkuntar tsiri waɗanda ƙila za ku buƙaci taimako don karantawa. Idan ba za ku iya samun su ba, yi amfani da microscope. Idan babu alamun kwata-kwata, yi amfani da multimeter. Na'urorin Thai za su gano polarity na tsiri na LED da sauri.
Ba daidai ba Polarity: Haske Ba Haskakawa
Idan kun haɗa madaidaicin madaidaicin fitilun LED zuwa mummunan ƙarshen wutar lantarki ko tabbatacce zuwa tabbatacce, hasken ba zai haskaka ba. Cire haɗin kuma sake gyara shi tare da madaidaicin polarity.
Sake-sake Haɗin Yana Haɓakawa
Ko da polarity ɗinku daidai ne, hasken na iya nuna al'amura masu kyalli. Wannan na iya zama saboda dalilai da yawa, kamar sako-sako da haɗin kai shine ya fi kowa. Lokacin da igiyoyin LED suka haɗa da wutar lantarki, idan wiring ɗin ya zama sako-sako, LED ɗin zai shiga cikin al'amurran da suka shafi flickering. Don wannan, sake duba haɗin gwiwa kuma a tabbata sun dace da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi.
Matsalolin Daidaituwar Waya
Ana amfani da masu haɗa tsiri na LED lokacin haɗuwa da tsiri ɗaya na LED zuwa ɗayan ko kawai haɗa igiyoyin LED zuwa tushen wutar lantarki. Kowane bambance-bambancen tsiri na LED yana da takamaiman buƙatun mai haɗa tsiri na LED. Misali, idan kuna amfani da tsiri na LED mai launi ɗaya, kuna buƙatar mai haɗin igiyar LED mai 2-pin. Idan kuna amfani da mahaɗin guda ɗaya don tsiri na LED na RGB, hasken ba zai haskaka ba koda kuna kula da polarity. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar amfani da 4 PINs LED tsiri masu haɗawa.
Don ƙarin koyo game da matsaloli tare da tube LED, duba wannan- Shirya matsala Matsalolin Tsibirin LED.
FAQs
Kammalawa
Sanin odar polarity ya zama dole don yin wayoyi ko haɗa kowane na'urorin lantarki, gami da fitilun LED. Don kammala kewayawa da kuma tabbatar da hasken haske, kuna buƙatar haɗa tashar wutar lantarki mai kyau zuwa kyakkyawan ƙarshen da kuma mummunan ƙarshen wutar lantarki. Idan LED ne ta rami-rami tare da jagora biyu da hular kai, tsayin kafa yana da inganci. Hakanan zaka iya gano hakan ta hanyar bin gefen gefe da sauti ko girman farantin, kamar yadda na ambata a cikin tattaunawar.
Koyaya, idan kuna aiki tare da LEDs SMD (Surface-Mount Device) LEDs kamar a cikin filayen LED, zaku iya bi alamun da sauri don nemo polarity. Ana shirya SMDs a cikin allon da'ira da aka buga tare da alamar '+' da '-'.
Waɗannan alamomin za su jagorance ku wajen haɗa hasken LED zuwa wutar lantarki tare da madaidaicin polarity. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya zuwa wurin mu LED Yi LED tsiri fitilu. Duk kayan aikin mu suna da fayyace alamun polarity tare da kushin tagulla. Don haka, zaku iya shigar da hasken cikin sauƙi ba tare da wani taimako na ƙwararru ba ko buƙatar multimeter don gano polarity!
