Hasken ultraviolet ko UV haskoki ne masu cutarwa da ke fitowa daga rana. Yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan radiation na lantarki wanda tsayinsa ya kai tsakanin 10 nm zuwa 400 nm. A daya hannun, UV haskoki tare da dogon wavelengths aka sani da ionizing radiations. Duk da haka, ana la'akari da irin wannan magana saboda photons ba sa samun iyakar ƙarfin da ake buƙata don ionize atom.

Don mayar da hasken rana, Layer ozone na duniya yana taka muhimmiyar rawa yayin da yake tsoma baki tare da ratsawar hasken UV. Bayan duba cikin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da makamashin photon, hasken UV sun kasu kashi uku: UVA, UVB, da UVC.

A cikin wannan labarin, zaku ga fahimtar UVA, UVB, da UVC, tare da cikakkun bambance-bambancen su.

UVA ya bayyana

Daya daga cikin mahimman nau'ikan haskoki na ultraviolet shine haskoki UVA. UVA yana da tsayin tsayi mai tsayi da kuma faffadan bakan lantarki na ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVA yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ciwon daji na fata da tsufa na fata.  

Yana iya shiga cikin fata cikin sauƙi cikin sauƙi kuma yana haɓaka tsufa da wuri. Koyaya, mataki ne na farko na samuwar wrinkle, ƙwararriyar ƙirar hoto. 

Hasken UVA yana da kewayon tsayi na 315-400 nm. Duk da haka, makamashin photon na 3.10 - 3.94 eV, 0.497 - 0.631 eV. A cewar wasu sana'o'i, ingancin hasken UVA ya kusan sau 500 fiye da hasken UVB. Sabanin haka, ana iya ƙaddamar da cewa UVA tana aiki azaman kayan kariya ga fata kuma yana hana shigar da hasken UVB. 

Yayin da tsayin raƙuman hasken UVA ya fi tsayi, ana samun shigar da ba tare da rikitarwa ba. Duk da haka, waɗannan haskoki ba su shafe ta ta hanyar lebur ozone. Fitilar UVA ko baƙar fata sun ƙunshi matattarar violet, suna ba da haske mai duhu.

UVB ya bayyana

UVB wani nau'in hasken da ba a iya gani ne wanda ke fitowa daga rana. Irin wannan radiation yana ba da gudummawa da yawa ga fata duhu da kuma sauƙi yin kauri na waje na fata. Koyaya, dalilin farko na duhun fata shine yawan samar da melanin, wanda hasken UVB ya motsa shi. 

Bugu da ƙari, haskoki na UVB kuma suna shiga cikin kansar fata ta hanyar rage ƙarfin rigakafi na tsarin rigakafi don yaƙar irin wannan yanayi. Haushi a idanu saboda UVB ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Duk da haka, babban bakan rana na iya zama mafi kyawun zaɓi don kare fata daga UVB. 

Matsakaicin tsayin UVB shine 280 - 315 nm. Ƙimar makamashin photon shine 3.94 - 4.43 eV, 0.631 - 0.710 eV. UVB ba shi da dogon zango kamar UVA kuma yana iya samun sauƙin shiga ta hanyar lebur ozone. A kimiyyar likita, ana amfani da radiation UVB don magance matsalolin fata da yawa kamar vitiligo ko psoriasis. Ana amfani da laser ko fitilu na musamman yayin jiyya, suna fitar da haskoki na UVB. 

UVC ya bayyana

Layer na duniya na ozone yana aiki a matsayin kariyar kariyar duniya wanda ke hana shigar da hasken ultraviolet na rana. Duk da haka, duniyar rana tana aiki sosai game da hasken UVC saboda yana iya hana haskoki UVC sauƙi daga isa duniya. 

Duk da haka, UVC yana da ƙwayar cuta, don haka yana kuma shiga cikin ultraviolet phototherapy. Ana amfani da UVC musamman don rigakafin cututtukan iska waɗanda ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifar da su. Wadannan radiations suna hana yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ke haifar da kowane ƙarin illa. 

Tsawon tsayin UVC shine 100 - 280 nm, kuma makamashin photon shine 4.43 - 12.4 eV da 0.710 - 1.987 eV. A kimiyyar likita, ana amfani da UVC a cikin hanyoyin warkar da raunuka daga wasu na'urori na musamman da fitilu. Bugu da ƙari, yin maganin vitiligo da psoriasis tare da UVC ɗaya ne daga cikin dabarun da aka fi sani da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru. 

Bambance-bambance Tsakanin UVA, UVB, & UVC 

Teburin kwatancen da ke ƙasa yana kwatanta kowane hasken haske akan tushe daban-daban.

• Zango

Tsawon tsayi yana ƙayyadad da shimfiɗar tsakanin wuraren da ke kwance akan lokaci iri ɗaya na igiyar ruwa. Koyaya, tsayin raƙuman ruwa ya dogara sosai akan matsakaiciyar igiyar ruwa. Tsawon raƙuman hasken UV yana bayyana tsawon lokacin raƙuman ruwa na iya tafiya. Bugu da ƙari, yana isar da motsi na katako daga wannan matsakaici zuwa wancan. Matsalolin UVA, UVB, da UVC sune 315 - 400 nm, 280 - 315 nm, da 100 - 280 nm. 

• Photon makamashi 

Energyarfin da proton ɗaya ke ɗauka ana kiransa makamashin photon. Kuna iya ɗauka cewa tsayin raƙuman photon ya kasance sabanin ƙarfinsa. Sabanin haka, mitar sa na lantarki yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfin photon. Bugu da ƙari, wannan nau'in makamashi yana bayyana mitar kowane photon game da fitilun haske. Har ila yau yana bayyana tsananin zafin UV. 

• Shayewa ta hanyar ledar ozone 

Layin ozone na duniya na iya ɗaukar tsawon tsayi daga kusan 200 zuwa 310 nm. Duk da haka, matsakaicin ɗaukarsa shine 250 nm. Tsawon igiyoyin UVA shine 315 - 400 nm, don haka Layer ozone baya sha shi. Tsawon tsayin UVB da UVC ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, don haka an jiƙa da su gaba ɗaya da cikakken bi da bi. 

• shigar azzakari cikin farji 

Tsawon raƙuman ruwa da ƙarfin hasken UV sun ƙayyade ikon samar da katako. Yayin da tsayin UVA ke ƙaruwa, yana iya shiga cikin fata cikin sauƙi. UVB yana raɗawa har zuwa matsakaicin yadudduka, yayin da UVC zai iya haɗuwa da saman saman kawai. 

• sakamako

Kowane nau'in radiation UV yana haifar da matsalolin fata daban-daban. UVA tana aiki sosai wajen ƙarfafa ciwon daji na fata. Duk da haka, ana iya bayyana cewa yana aiki a matsayin mataki na farko don fara ciwon daji na fata. Yawan fallasa zuwa UVB yana haifar da kunar rana da kuma yawan samuwar melanin, wanda ke jagorantar mummunan melanoma. Mummunan bayyanar da UVC zai iya haifar da photokeratitis, wanda zai haifar da ja a cikin idanu, kumburin ido, ciwon kai, da kuma hangen nesa. 

Tasirin UVC A Cikin Kunna Sarrafa SARS-CoV-2 

Shin UVC tana aiki mai yuwuwar a kimanta SARS-CoV-2? Abin mamaki amsar ita ce eh. Yana kwantar da hankulan watsawar SARS-CoV-2 yadda ya kamata. Tasirin ƙwayar cuta ya yi kadan idan aka yi la'akari da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na matakin biosafety 3 (BSL3). 

Koyaya, ana iya ƙididdige tasirin ƙwayoyin cuta cikin sauri cikin sharuddan allurai da yawa. Idan an yi la'akari da yawan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, to 3.7mJ/cm2 sashi na UVC ya wadatar. 

Wannan adadin adadin ya isa ya daina aiki da sake zagayowar tantanin halitta don haka ya hana kwafin ƙwayoyin cuta. Idan wani yana tsammanin ya daina aiki gabaɗayan tsarin kwafi, ana buƙatar matsakaicin adadin 16.9mJ/cm2. 

UVC kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci wanda ke taimakawa hana sake dawo da kwayar cutar a kewayo mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, tsayin daka na hasken UV yana aiki da yawa wajen kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. 

Tsawon tsayin daka na UVC, 222 nm, ya tashi a matsayin mafi kyawun mai kara kuzari azaman maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta. Haka kuma, wannan ƙayyadadden tsayin tsayin igiyar ruwa ya isa kuma yana da aminci ga ɗan adam don haka baya yin ɓarna akan lafiya. Don haka, tuntuɓar UVC daga KrCl excimer a cikin faɗuwar wurare yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka yaduwar kwayar cutar.  

KrCl* excimers suna haifar da lalacewa a cikin acid nucleic da furotin tare da ɗaukar furotin mafi girma tare da tsayin tsayin kusan 222 nm daga UVC. 

FAQs

Kammalawa 

Gabaɗaya, mutane suna da ra'ayi cewa haskoki UV suna da illa. Amma a daya bangaren, shi ma ya yi aiki mai kyau a cikin tsarin tsarkakewa da kuma fannin likitanci. Mummunan illar UV radiation a bayyane yake cewa ya rinjayi ingantattun matakan sa. Bayan duba cikin ƙananan nau'ikan waɗannan katako, ana iya ƙayyade ƙarfi da tasiri cikin sauƙi. 

Abin mamaki, UVC kuma na iya yin aiki sosai a cikin kwafi ko yada ƙwayoyin cuta na SARS-CoV-2. Masu sauraro sun yi imanin cewa hasken UV koyaushe yana da zafi don shafar lafiyar ɗan adam. Koyaya, takamaiman tsayin raƙuman hasken UV koyaushe ana gudanar da su yadda ya kamata don kare ɗan adam daga kwayar cutar da ke lalata rayuwarsu.

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