Fasahar LED mai cikakken bakan ta zama zance a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman idan ana batun kwaikwayon hasken rana da inganta ingancin haske. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu nutse cikin duniyar cikakkun fitattun LEDs, yadda suka zo, yadda ake yin su, da kuma inda ake amfani da su. Za mu yi magana game da yadda za ku iya cimma cikakken bakan LEDs tare da guntu daban-daban da haɗin phosphor, ƙalubalen yin su, da yadda suke nunawa a cikin samfurori kamar fitilu na tebur, masana'antu na hasken wuta, har ma da fitilun girma na shuka. A ƙarshe, za mu amsa tambayar, "Shin da gaske kuna buƙatar cikakken hasken bakan?" da “Yaya za a iya cikakken bakan haske amfanuwa da ku a muhallinku?"
Ma'anar "Full-Spectrum" LEDs
Lokacin da muke magana game da fitattun LEDs na “cikakken bakan” a yau, yana da mahimmanci a fayyace ma’anar “cikakken bakan”. Gaskiya “cikakken bakan” yana nufin hasken da ke fitowa daga tushen da ke rufe dukkan bakan daga ultraviolet (UV), hasken da ake iya gani, zuwa infrared (IR), yana kwaikwayon cikakken bakan hasken rana (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 1).
Wannan shine mafi girman “cikakken bakan” da aka samu a yanayi. Duk da haka, "cikakken bakan" LED mafi yawan mutane suna magana game da yau shine ma'anar kunkuntar. A mahallin LED, “cikakken bakan” yana nufin hasken da ke fitowa a cikin kewayon hasken da ake iya gani wanda yayi kama da bakan hasken rana a cikin wannan kewayon (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 2).
An cire ultraviolet da sassan infrared, galibi don yin cikakken fitattun LEDs mafi dacewa don samar da taro. Ƙara UV da IR zai rikitar da tsarin marufi da aikace-aikacen gabaɗaya, yin babban samarwa da amfani mai amfani kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Ko da tare da bakan da ake iya gani kawai an haɗa, ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don cimma cikakkun fitattun LEDs. Alal misali, don cimma matsayi mai girma Ma'anar Ma'anar launi (CRI) kusan 100, kamfanoni da yawa suna kokawa don inganta CRI daga 96 zuwa 98, balle a kai 99 ko sama da haka.
Hoto 1: Cikakken bakan hasken rana (280nm-4000nm)
Hoto 2: Bakan hasken rana a cikin kewayon bayyane (380nm-780nm)
Yadda Ake Cimma Cikakken-Spectrum LEDs
A ka'idar, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don cimma cikakkiyar LEDs: ɗaya ta hanyar amfani da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, ɗayan kuma ta amfani da phosphor. A gefen guntu, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu: ɗaya shine guntu mai daɗi da phosphor, ɗayan kuma yana amfani da guntu shi kaɗai ba tare da phosphor ba. A gefen phosphor, kuna buƙatar haɗa phosphors tare da guntu, kuma kuna buƙatar zaɓar fitarwa daban-daban da tsayin motsin rai don haɗuwa. Gabaɗaya, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda huɗu don cimma cikakken bakan LEDs:
1. Single-band Blue Chip Phosphors masu ban sha'awa
Wannan hanyar tana kama da fakitin LED na yau da kullun, amma ana ƙara phosphor da yawa (misali, kore, rawaya, ja, ko ma orange, cyan, blue). Ko da yake wannan na iya samar da haske kusa da cikakken bakan, har yanzu akwai fitaccen kololuwar haske shuɗi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ingancin phosphor kamar cyan da blue yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, kuma haske a cikin kewayon 470-510nm na iya ɓacewa.
2. Dual-band ko Triple-band Blue Chip Phosphor masu ban sha'awa
Wannan hanyar tana inganta kan tsarin haɗin-ɗaya ta hanyar amfani da guntu-band-band ko shuɗi-band-band don faranta ran phosphor a tsayi daban-daban. Chips-band-band yawanci suna amfani da jeri biyu: 430-450nm da 460-480nm, yayin da guntu-band-band ke amfani da uku: 430-440nm, 440-460nm, da 460-480nm. Wannan yana ba da damar ƙarin sassauci wajen haɗa kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da phosphor don mafi dacewa da bakan hasken rana (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 3). Tare da wannan hanya, CRI zai iya wuce 98. Duk da haka, wannan hanya tana buƙatar nau'in nau'in phosphor, yana sa ya fi wuya a tabbatar da daidaito da kwanciyar hankali yayin samar da taro.
Hoto 3: Spectrum na dual-band da sau uku-band blue haske mai cikakken bakan LEDs (don tunani)
3. UV Chip Phosphor masu ban sha'awa
Wannan hanya tana da ƙananan ingancin haske. Babban dalili shine yawancin phosphor na kasuwanci an tsara su don yin aiki tare da kwakwalwan kwamfuta mai shuɗi, ba kwakwalwan UV ba, don haka tasirin su ya ragu sosai a cikin kewayon UV. Bugu da ƙari, kwakwalwan kwamfuta na UV yawanci kewayo daga 385-405nm, waɗanda kuma suna da ƙarancin inganci. Ko da yake UV kwakwalwan kwamfuta na iya ƙara kwaikwayi bakan hasken rana kuma su guje wa kasancewar haske mai shuɗi mai ɗan gajeren zango (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 4), wannan hanyar tana da koma baya. Misali, kwakwalwan UV suna haifar da lalacewar phosphor akan lokaci, yana haifar da canjin launi da al'amuran zafin launi. Hasken UV kuma yana lalata kayan halitta kamar encapsulants, yana ragewa LED rayuwar rayuwar.
Hoto 4: Spectrum na UV cikakken bakan LEDs (don tunani)
4. Multi-guntu Hanyar Haɗuwa
Wannan hanyar tana haɗa kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu fitar da shuɗi, cyan, kore, rawaya, da haske ja don cimma cikakkiyar bakan. Duk da yake wannan na iya aiki a cikin ka'idar, an kasa amfani da shi saboda kalubale da yawa. Na ɗaya, kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna fitar da haske tare da kunkuntar bandwidths, yana sa ya zama da wahala a cimma babban bakan da phosphor ke samarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ingancin kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu launi daban-daban ya bambanta sosai, yana mai da shi ƙalubale don daidaita fitowar haske. A tsawon lokaci, canjin launi da canjin zafin jiki na iya faruwa saboda bambance-bambancen raguwar adadin kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
Don samar da kwatancen fayyace, tebur mai zuwa ya taƙaita hanyoyin guda huɗu na cimma cikakken bakan LEDs:
| Hanyar | dace | CRI | cost | Wahalar Marufi | Gabaɗaya Ayyukan | Nau'in Hanya |
| Single-band Blue Chip Abubuwan Farin Ciki Mai Dadi | high | matsakaici | low | low | Good | Chip Excites Phosphors |
| Dual/Triple-band Blue Chip Phosphoors masu ban sha'awa | high | high | matsakaici | matsakaici | Very Good | Chip Excites Phosphors |
| UV Chip Abubuwan Farin Ciki | low | high | high | low | Poor | Chip Excites Phosphors |
| Haɗin Multi-chip | low | high | high | low | Poor | Chip (Za a iya ƙara Phosphors) |
Aikace-aikace na Full-Spectrum LEDs
Yanzu da muka rufe hanyoyin da za a bi don samun cikakken fitattun LEDs, ta yaya za mu iya amfani da su yadda ya kamata? Ɗayan mahimmancin la'akari shine zafin launi. Hasken rana yana canzawa ko'ina cikin yini da kuma cikin yanayi. Misali, da zazzabi mai launi A lokacin fitowar rana yana kusa da 2000K, da tsakar rana kusan 5000K, kuma a faɗuwar rana kusan 2300K. Don haka, ana buƙatar ƙera fitattun LEDs don yin kwaikwayi daidai da bakan hasken rana a yanayin yanayin launi daban-daban, waɗanda za a iya cimma ta amfani da hanyoyin da aka bayyana a sama.
Dangane da bayanin da ke sama, ana iya amfani da cikakken bakan LEDs a kusan kowane daidaitaccen hasken wuta, kamar hasken gida, haske waje, masana'antu lighting, tebur fitilu, cikakken bakan jagoranci tube kuma ko da hasken shuka. Takamaiman aikace-aikace sun dogara da yawa akan farashi da karɓar mabukaci. A halin yanzu, fitilun tebur sune aikace-aikacen gama gari, galibi ana sayar da su azaman ƙananan haske mai shuɗi, mai kare ido, da daidaita yanayin zafi. Waɗannan fitilun ana farashi sama da daidaitattun fitilun. An nuna kwatancen tsakanin ma'auni na kasar Sin da "cikakken takaddun shaida" bukatun CRI a cikin tebur 2. Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin tebur, ana iya cika ma'aunin fitilun tebur na kasar Sin cikin sauƙi ta hanyar hasken wutar lantarki na yau da kullun, yayin da cikakken bakan. takaddun shaida yana buƙatar ƙarin ci gaba.
Tebur 2: Kwatanta CRI don Fitilolin Tebur
| Standard | Takaddar Cikakkun Bakan |
| Daidaitaccen Lamba & Suna | GB/T 9473-2022 "Bukatun Aiki don Karatu da Fitilolin Rubutu" |
| Abubuwan Bukatun CRI | Babban CRI: Ra ≥ 80 |
| CRI na musamman: R9> 0 |
Kammalawa
Dangane da gabatarwar da ke sama zuwa fasahar LED mai cikakken bakan, mu, a matsayin ƙwararrun masana'antu, muna buƙatar yin tunani game da: Shin tushen hasken “cikakken bakan” na yanzu wani abu ne da gaske mutane ke buƙata? Da fatan za a ji daɗin saƙona ko bar sharhi don ƙarin tattaunawa!
