Kana mwenje yako ye LED isingavheneke mushure mekuita wiring, usaiona yakakuvadzwa kana kuputsika. Pane kudaro, tarisa kana mwenje wakaiswa pane chaiyo polarity. Asi chii chinonzi polarity, uye nei ichikosha kune mwenje we LED?
Polarity ndiyo nzira yekuyerera ikozvino mukati memwenje we LED kana chero mudziyo wemagetsi. Iyo inoratidzirwa nechakanaka (anode) uye yakaipa (cathode) zviteshi. Iwe unofanirwa kuchengetedza kuenderana mu polarity uchibatanidza mwenje we LED kune sosi yemagetsi. Polarity isiriyo inotadzisa kuyerera kwazvino, uye mwenje hauzovheneke.
Unoda kuziva zvakawanda nezve polarity yemwenje ye LED? Verenga chinyorwa ichi, uye iwe uchagara uchienda kurudyi ne LED yekuisa mwenje. Ndataura dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda dzekuona polarity ye LEDs. Saka, kumirirei zvakare? Pinda muhurukuro-
Unorevei NePolarity Yemwenje ye LED?
Ikozvino kuyerera mukati mechiedza che LED kana diode ine nhungamiro chaiyo, inoratidzwa ne polarity yayo. Kungofanana nechero chimwe chikamu chemagetsi, mwenje we LED une yakanaka (+) uye yakaipa (-) magumo. Mhedziso yakanaka inonzi anode, uye iyo yakaipa inonzi cathode. Magetsi anoyerera kubva kune anode akananga kune cathode, yakakosha kune iyo LED inoburitsa mwenje. Iyi nzira inozivikanwa se polarity yemwenje we LED.
Iwe unogona kutarisa polarity semapango maviri emwenje we LED, apo imwe danda yakanaka (anode) uye imwe isina kunaka (cathode). Iwe unofanirwa kuchengetedza iyi polarity uchiisa mwenje kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mwenje unopenya.
Iwe unofanirwa kubatanidza kuguma kwakanaka kwechiedza che LED (anode) kusvika kumagumo akanaka emutyairi kana simba remagetsi uye kuguma kusina kunaka kwechiedza (cathode) kusvika kumagumo asina kunaka echitubu. Kana iyo polarity isina kuchengetedzwa, chiedza hachizovhenekera.
Iyo Polarity Yechiedza che LED Inoshanda Sei?
Mwenje ye LED inogadzirwa ne semiconductors iyo ikozvino inoyerera. Zvisinei, iyo nzira yekuyerera kwezvino ye semiconductor yakasiyana neyenguva dzose waya. Mune semiconductor, a PN jambwa inogadzirwa ne doping tsvina. Tsvina idzi dzakaiswa muzvikamu zviviri- p-mhando zvinhu uye n-mhando zvinhu.
Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa setsvina kugadzira kuwanda kwemakomba (positive charge carriers) mune semiconductor inozivikanwa se. p-mhando zvinhu. Pane rimwe divi, n-mhando zvinhu zvinoreva zvinhu zvinopa kuwandisa kwemaerekitironi (negative charge carriers). Nzvimbo panosangana zvinhu izvi p-mhando uye n-mhando inonzi PN junction. Inoita kuti magetsi afambe neimwe nzira, ichivharira reverse direction.
Imwe neimwe LED ine magumo maviri: iyo anode (yakanaka) uye iyo cathode (negative), inoenderana nep uye n matunhu. Paunenge uchinge wabatanidza anode kune yakanaka terminal uye iyo cathode kune yakashata terminal yemagetsi sosi, ikozvino inotanga kuyerera. Sezvo yazvino ichipfuura, maerekitironi anobva mumhando yen-anofamba akananga kune p-mhando zvinhu. Saizvozvo, maburi kubva kune p-mhando zvinhu anofamba akananga kune n-mhando zvinhu. Maerekitironi anosanganidzana nemaburi paanofamba achiyambuka PN junction. Kubatana uku kunoburitsa simba kuburikidza nemafotoni, ayo atinoona sechiedza.
NB: Maerekitironi anoyerera achienda kune rumwe rutivi rwekuyerera kwazvino.
Zvisinei, ruvara rwechiedza runobva pane semiconductor ye LED. Vane conduction uye valence mabhendi pamativi ese p uye n. Musiyano uripo pakati pemabhandi aya unonzi mabhandi gaps. Kana maerekitironi achidonha kubva mubhendi rekufambisa achienda kubhendi yevalence panguva yekubatanidzwazve, simba rinoburitswa sechiedza.
Iri rakaburitswa simba rechiedza rakaenzana nebhendi gap reiyo semiconductor. Iyo bhendi gap inosiyana kune akasiyana semiconductors. Ndokusaka akasiyana semiconductors anoshandiswa mu LEDs kuunza akasiyana mwenje mavara. Semuyenzaniso, Gallium Phosphide (GaP) inoburitsa chiedza chitsvuku, cheyero, kana chegirini, uku Gallium Nitride (GaN) inoshandiswa kune bhuruu nechena LEDs.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda zvakadzama, verenga chinyorwa ichi: Ma LED Strip Mwenje Anoshanda Sei?
Ko Polarity Yakakosha Kune Ma LED?
Kuchengeta polarity kwakakosha kune maLED. Reverse polarity ichaparadza dunhu, uye mwenje yako ye LED haizopenye. LED inomirira Chiedza Emitting Diodes. Kufanana nemamwe madhiodhi ese, LED inobvumira magetsi kuyerera chete munzira imwe. Izvi zvinogoneka chete kana iwe ukaisa mwenje kutevera iyo polarity chaiyo.
Kuvhenekera ma LED, iwe unofanirwa kujoinha mhedziso yakanaka yechiedza kune iyo simba sosi yekupedzisira. Saizvozvowo, kuguma kusina kunaka kwechiedza kunofanira kubatanidzwa kune yakaipa kuguma kwesimba remagetsi. Izvi zvinozoita kuti pari zvino kuyerera munzira inodiwa, zvichiita kuti maerekitironi asanganise uye abudise chiedza.
Kana iyo polarity isina kuchengetedzwa, kana iwe ukabatanidza yakanaka kune yakaipa kana zvinopesana, iyo LED inovhara ikozvino. Iyo PN junction ichave neyakapararira ikozvino kuyerera, uye mwenje hauzovheneke. Kunyangwe iwo maLED asina kukuvadzwa nekuda kwereverse polarity, izvi zvinokanganisa dhizaini yedunhu. Asi, mune dzimwe nguva, kushandisa reverse voltage kupfuura iyo LED reverse voltage rating inogona kukuvadza iyo LED.
Nzira yekuona sei polarity yemwenje ye LED?
Mamwe maficha emwenje e LED achakubatsira kuona polarity yavo. Kana iwe usingakwanise kuziva, kune dzimwe nzira zvakare; ngatikurukurei tese.
Method 1: Tarisa Leads 'Kureba
Kana iwe ukatarisa diode, makumbo maviri kana kutungamira zvinoonekwa. Iwe unogona kusiyanisa urefu hwemakumbo nyore nyore. Iyo yakareba inotungamira ndeye anode (positive terminal), uye mupfupi ndiyo cathode (negative terminal). Nekudaro, iyi haisi nzira yekupusa yekuona polarity. Makumbo anogona kunge akachekwa kana kutengeswa kuti akwane kuisirwa pasina brand-itsva LED. Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unozoziva sei polarity ye LED? Tevera nzira inotevera yeizvi.
Nzira 2: Tsvaga Flat Edge & Round Side
Ramba ziso rako riri paganda repurasitiki rakajeka kuti uwane mupendero wakatsetseka kana wakatenderera. Ma LED ane mativi akati sandara padyo negumbo rakashata uye mativi akatenderedzwa padivi rakanaka. Ichi chinhu chinobatsira pakuona polarity.
Nzira 3: Wona Musiyano muPlate
Ipa kunyatsotarisisa mukati meiyo LED casing; zvinogona kujeka, zvitsvuku, girini, yero, bhuruu, etc. Asi izvi zvinonyanya kujeka, saka unogona kuona zviri nyore mukati. Iwe uchawana mahwendefa maviri esimbi ehukuru hwakasiyana. Iyo hombe ndiro yakabatana neiyo LED's negative lead, iyo cathode. Iyo diki ndiro yakabatana kune yakanaka lead, iyo LED anode. Saka, kana iwe usingakwanise kuasiyanisa nekutarisa mitungamiriri / makumbo, shandisa nzira iyi.
Nzira 4: Shandisa Multimeter
Multimeter chinhu chemagetsi chinoshandiswa pakuongorora diode, voltage, current, resistance measurement, etc. Iine maprobes maviri (tsvuku yezvakanaka uye dema kune zvakaipa) uye kuratidzwa kwedhijitari. Kuti uone iyo polarity, unofanirwa kuseta iyo multimeter mune diode bvunzo modhi, inowanzo fananidzirwa se (▶|–).
NB: Kana yako multimeter isina diode modhi, unogona kushandisa yekupikisa maitiro (Ω).
Kana iyo modhi yaiswa, batanidza iyo tsvuku probe kune yakanaka yekuisa terminal yemultimeter (inowanzo nyorwa VΩmA kana zvakafanana). Saizvozvo, isa iyo dema probe mune isina kunaka kana yakajairika terminal yeiyo multimeter (yakanyorwa COM).
Edza iyo LED nekubata iyo tsvuku probe kune imwe LED lead uye dema probe kune imwe. Chiedza chinopenya zvishoma kana iyo dzvuku probe yakabatana neanode (positive terminal) uye dema probe yakabatana kune cathode (negative terminal).
Nekudaro, kana mwenje usiri kuvheneka, maprobes haaenderane neiyo polarity. Dzorerai ma probe nekubata zvitsvuku kune mumwe mutobvu uye mutema kune imwe yasara; uchawana chiedza chichipenya. Nenzira iyi, iwe unogona kuona iyo yakanaka uye yakaipa magumo eiyo LED.
Nzira 5: Shandisa A Coin Cell Battery
Uchishandisa coin cell bhatiri seCR2032, unogona kukurumidza kuona makumbo e LED akanaka uye asina kunaka. Nokuda kweizvi, iwe unoda kuisa makumbo e LED pane zviteshi zvebheteri resimbi, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa. Kana mwenje ukaita dimly kupenya, zvinoreva kuti gumbo riri kubata bhatiri rezvakanaka divi ndiyo anode (positive) yeLED. Uye gumbo richibata bhatiri rekupedzisira terminal ndiyo cathode (negative) yeLED. Kana ikasavheneka, flip iyo LED uye edza zvakare.
Chii Chinoitika Kana Iwe Ukaisa Mwenje LED Kumashure?
Kana iwe ukaisa mwenje we LED kumashure, mwenje haungavheneke kumusoro. Nekudaro, hazvizokonzerese kukuvadza kune iyo LED. Kana iwe ukaedza kubatana kusiri iko nekukanganisa, hapana chinovhunduka kana voltage yakadzikira kusvika pakati. Asi kana ma LED ako akabatana nepamusoro-voltage circuit, kubatana kusina kunaka kunogona kukuvadza LED. Saka, kana iwe ukabatanidza netsaona marambi e LED kumashure kana kumashure, agadzirise ASAP.
Nekudaro, dzimwe nguva reverse diode inosanganisirwa mudunhu seyero yekudzivirira. Kudonha kwemagetsi kumberi kune reverse diode kunowanzo kuderera (kutenderera 0.7V kune yakajairwa silicon diode). Iyi voltage haina kusimba zvekukuvadza diode. Iyo inodzivirira zvinobudirira iyo LED kubva kune yakakwira reverse voltage iyo inogona kudarika yayo reverse breakdown voltage.
Nzira yekuziva sei iyo Polarity ye LED Strip Chiedza?
Kucherekedza kumaka kwePCB kunoita kuti iwe ugone kuona iyo LED strip's polarity. Mitsara ye LED ine mapedhi emhangura. Papedhi yega yega yemhangura, zviratidzo zvinoratidza polarity; iwe uchawana '+' uye '-' zviratidzo. Somuenzaniso, chena kana single-color LED strip ane mavara akanaka uye asina kunaka; unogona batanidza mutyairi kana sosi yemagetsi ichitevera polarity order.
Kunze kweizvi, zvakare ichakutungamira iwe mukuchengetedza polarity panguva kubatanidza akawanda LED mitsetse pamwechete.
Nekudaro, ese akasiyana e LED mitsetse haana yakafanana polarity chiratidzo. Semuyenzaniso, machira machena anoturika inogona kunge iine zviratidzo zvakaita 'C+' uye 'W+' pane '+' uye '-.' Zvakare, an RGB LED strip ine anode yakajairika ine imwechete yakanaka terminal (anode) yakagovaniswa nemavara matatu ese (Red, Green, Blue). Iwe unofanirwa kubatanidza iyo yakanaka terminal (+) kudivi rakanaka remagetsi. Iyo yega nzira dzemavara (R, G, B) dzakabatana pasi (negative) kuburikidza nemutongi kana zvakananga. Chati iri pazasi ichakubatsira kubvisa pfungwa iyi:
| LED Strop Polarity Chati | ||||
| LED Strip Type | Zvakanaka (+) | Zvakaipa (-) | Zvimwe Zviteshi | Ruvara rwewaya (Yakajairika) |
| Imwe Rudzi rwe LED Strip | + kana V+ | - kana GND | hapana | Tsvuku (Simba), Dema (Pasi) |
| Tunable White LED Strip | C+ (Ichena Inotonhorera), W+ (Ichena Inodziya) | Yakagoverwa Ground | hapana | Inosiyana (Ichena Inotonhorera, Ichena Inodziya) |
| RGB akatungamira Strip (Common Anode) | + (Common Anode) | R- (Tsvuku), G- (Green), B- (Blue) | Nzira dzega dzega dzinobatana pasi | Tsvuku (Simba), Green (Ground for G), Blue (Ground for B), Inosiyana (Ground for R) |
| RGB LED Strip (Common Cathode) | - (Common Cathode) | R+ (Tsvuku), G+ (Green), B+ (Blue) | Nzira dzega dzega dzinobatana kune zvakanaka | Dema (Pasi), Dzvuku (Simba reR), Girini (Simba reG), Bhuruu (Simba reB) |
| Addressable LED Strip | + (Simba) | - (Pasi) | DI (Data In), CI (Clock In) (kana zvichibvira) | Tsvuku (Simba), Dema (Pasi), Inosiyana (Data, Clock) |
NB: Ruvara rwewaya uye polarity zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana kune akasiyana mabhureki kana vagadziri.
Kunze kwekutarisa nekuona kutungamira, unogona kushandisa multimeter kuona polarity ye LED mitsetse. Seta iyo multimeter kune yekuenderera modhi. Zvadaro, isa iyo multimeter probes pamapadhi emhangura ye LED strip. Beep ruzha kubva pachigadzirwa chinoratidza ikozvino kuyerera munzira yekumberi (yakanaka kune yakaipa kuburikidza ne LED). Izvi zvinosimbisa polarity chaiyo.
Troubleshooting Common LED Strip Polarity Issues
Paunenge uchigadzira kana wiring Magetsi strip magetsi, heino nyaya dzakajairika dzaungasangana nadzo ne polarity:
Zvakaoma Mukutsvaga Polarity Mark
Iwo ma polarity mamaki anodhindwa zvishoma paPCB, uye mamwe anogona kunge asina chero chiratidzo. Aya mavanga anogona kunge ari madiki kune tumitsetse matete zvekuti ungangoda kubatsirwa kuverenga. Kana usingazviwane, shandisa maikorosikopu. Kana pasina mamakisi zvachose, shandisa multimeter. Zvishandiso zveThai zvinokurumidza kuona polarity ye LED strip.
Wrong Polarity: Chiedza Chisina Kupenya
Kana iwe ukabatanidza mwenje we LED strip's negative terminal kune magetsi emagetsi ekupedzisira kana yakanaka kune yakanaka, mwenje haupenye. Bvisa zvinongedzo uye zviite zvakare neiyo polarity chaiyo.
Loose Connection Inokonzera Flickering
Kunyangwe kana polarity yako iri chokwadi, mwenje unogona kuratidza zvinhu zvinopenya. Izvi zvinogona kuve nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati wandei, senge loose yekubatanidza ndiyo yakajairika. Kana iyo mitsetse ye LED yakabatana kune magetsi, kana iyo wiring ikave yakasununguka, iyo LED inoenda kuburikidza nekufinyamisa nyaya. Nezveizvi, tarisazve majoini uye ita shuwa kuti anokodzera kubatana kwakasimba.
Wiring Compatibility Issues
LED mitsetse yekubatanidza inoshandiswa pakujoinha imwe tambo ye LED kune imwe kana kungobatanidza mitsetse ye LED kune sosi yemagetsi. Yese LED strip musiyano ine chaiyo LED strip yekubatanidza inodikanwa. Semuenzaniso, kana ukashandisa imwe-ruvara rwe LED tambo, iwe unoda 2-pini ye LED strip yekubatanidza. Kana iwe ukashandisa iyo imwechete yekubatanidza yeRGB LED strip, mwenje haupenye kunyangwe iwe ukachengeta polarity. Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa 4 PINs LED mitsetse yekubatanidza.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve matambudziko ane LED mitsetse, tarisa izvi- Troubleshooting LED Strip Matambudziko.
FAQs
mhedziso
Kuziva iyo polarity kurongeka kunodiwa pa wiring kana kubatanidza chero zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, kusanganisira mwenje we LED. Kuti upedze dunhu uye uve nechokwadi chekuti chiedza chinopenya, unofanirwa kubatanidza bhenefiti yechiedza kune iyo yakanaka yekupedzisira uye iyo isina kunaka terminal kune yakashata yemagetsi. Kana iri buri re LED rine ma lead maviri ne cap yemusoro, gumbo rakareba rakanaka. Iwe unogona zvakare kuona izvi nekutevera furati uye inonzwika divi kana saizi yendiro, sezvandakataura muhurukuro.
Nekudaro, kana uri kushanda neSMD (Surface-Mount Device) maLED senge mumatsetse e LED, unogona kukurumidza kutevera zviratidzo kuti uwane polarity. MaSMD akarongwa mubhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa rine '+' uye '-' mamaki anoratidzwa.
Aya mamakisi anokutungamira mukubatanidza mwenje we LED kune magetsi emagetsi neiyo polarity. Muchiitiko ichi, unogona kuenda kune yedu LEDYi LED strip mwenje. Zvese zvigadziriso zvedu zvine mavara akadhindwa akadhindwa ane copper pad. Saka, iwe unogona nyore kuisa mwenje pasina chero rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi kana chinodiwa chemultimeter kuona polarity!
