Ukadaulo wowoneka bwino wa LED wasanduka mawu omveka m'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka ikafika pakutengera kuwala kwachilengedwe komanso kuwongolera kuwala. M'nkhaniyi, tilowa m'dziko la ma LED amtundu uliwonse, momwe adayambira, momwe amapangidwira komanso komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tidzakambirana za momwe mungakwaniritsire ma LED amtundu uliwonse okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chip ndi phosphor, zovuta zowapanga, komanso momwe akuwonekera pazinthu monga nyali zapa desiki, kuyatsa kwa mafakitale, ndipo ngakhale nyali za kukula kwa zomera. Pomaliza, tiyankha funso, "Kodi mukufunikiradi kuyatsa kokwanira?" ndi “Mungathe bwanji kuyatsa kwathunthu kukuthandizani m'malo anu?"
Tanthauzo la "Full-Spectrum" ma LED
Tikamakamba za ma LED odziwika bwino masiku ano, ndikofunikira kumveketsa bwino tanthauzo la "full-spectrum". “Full spectrum” yeniyeni imatanthawuza kuwala kochokera ku gwero komwe kumaphimba mbali zonse za kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV), kuwala koonekera, kupita ku infrared (IR), kutengera kuwala kwadzuwa (monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1).
Ichi ndiye "chiwerengero chathunthu" chopezeka m'chilengedwe. Komabe, LED ya "full-spectrum" yomwe anthu ambiri amalankhula masiku ano ndi tanthauzo lochepa. M'mawu a LED, "full-spectrum" amatanthauza kuwala komwe kumatuluka mkati mwa kuwala kowoneka bwino komwe kumafanana kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa mumtundu womwewo (monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2).
Mbali za ultraviolet ndi infrared sizikuphatikizidwa, makamaka kuti ma LED awonekedwe athunthu akhale otheka kupanga zambiri. Kuwonjezera UV ndi IR kungasokoneze dongosolo lonse loyikamo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kupangitsa kupanga kwakukulu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera kukhala kosatheka. Ngakhale ndi mawonekedwe owoneka okha omwe akuphatikizidwa, sikophweka kukwaniritsa ma LED amtundu uliwonse. Mwachitsanzo, kukwaniritsa mkulu mtundu wopereka index (CRI) pafupi ndi 100, makampani ambiri amavutika kuti asinthe CRI kuchokera ku 96 mpaka 98, osasiya kukwaniritsa 99 kapena kuposa.
Chithunzi 1: Kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa (280nm-4000nm)
Chithunzi 2: Kuwala kwa dzuwa mkati mwa mawonekedwe owoneka (380nm-780nm)
Momwe Mungapezere Ma LED a Full Spectrum
Mwachidziwitso, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zopezera ma LED amtundu uliwonse: imodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito tchipisi ndipo inayo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito phosphors. Pa mbali ya chip, pali njira ziwiri zazikulu: imodzi ndi chip yosangalatsa phosphor, ndipo ina ikugwiritsa ntchito chip yokha popanda phosphor. Pa mbali ya phosphor, muyenera kuphatikizira phosphors ndi chip, ndipo muyenera kusankha mafunde osiyanasiyana otulutsa ndi chisangalalo cha kuphatikiza. Pazonse, pali njira zinayi zazikulu zopezera ma LED amtundu uliwonse:
1. Gulu limodzi la Blue Chip Phosphors Yosangalatsa
Njirayi ndi yofanana ndi ma CD wamba a LED, koma ma phosphors angapo amawonjezeredwa (mwachitsanzo, wobiriwira, wachikasu, wofiira, kapena ngakhale lalanje, cyan, buluu). Ngakhale izi zimatha kutulutsa kuwala pafupi ndi sipekitiramu yonse, pamakhalabe nsonga yowoneka bwino ya buluu. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ya phosphors ngati cyan ndi buluu ndiyotsika, ndipo kuwala mumtundu wa 470-510nm kungakhale kulibe.
2. Dual-band kapena Triple-band Blue Chip Osangalatsa Phosphors
Njirayi imawongolera njira ya gulu limodzi pogwiritsa ntchito gulu lamagulu awiri kapena katatu kuti musangalatse phosphor pamafunde osiyanasiyana. Tchipisi zamagulu awiri nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito magulu awiri: 430-450nm ndi 460-480nm, pomwe tchipisi tamagulu atatu amagwiritsa ntchito atatu: 430-440nm, 440-460nm, ndi 460-480nm. Izi zimalola kusinthasintha kowonjezereka pakuphatikiza tchipisi ndi phosphors kuti zigwirizane bwino ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa (monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3). Ndi njira iyi, CRI ikhoza kupitirira 98. Komabe, njirayi imafuna mitundu yambiri ya phosphors, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zimagwirizana komanso zimakhala zokhazikika panthawi yochuluka.
Chithunzi 3: Sipekitiramu ya ma LED amitundu iwiri ndi ma buluu atatu amtundu wa buluu (kuti afotokoze)
3. UV Chip Phosphor Yosangalatsa
Njirayi imakhala ndi kuwala kochepa. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti ma phosphor ambiri omwe amagulitsidwa amapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito ndi tchipisi ta buluu, osati tchipisi ta UV, kotero kuti chisangalalo chawo chimakhala chotsika kwambiri pamtundu wa UV. Kuphatikiza apo, tchipisi ta UV nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku 385-405nm, zomwe zimagwiranso ntchito pang'ono. Ngakhale ma tchipisi a UV amatha kutsanzira kwambiri kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikupewa kuwala kwa buluu waufupi (monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 4), njirayi ili ndi zovuta zake. Mwachitsanzo, ma tchipisi a UV amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa phosphors pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwamitundu komanso kutentha kwamitundu. Kuwala kwa UV kumawononganso zinthu zachilengedwe monga ma encapsulants, kumachepetsa Kutalika kwa moyo wa LED.
Chithunzi 4: Spectrum of UV full-spectrum LEDs (kuti afotokoze)
4. Njira yophatikizira yamitundu yambiri
Njirayi imaphatikiza tchipisi totulutsa buluu, cyan, chobiriwira, chachikasu, ndi chofiira kuti chikwaniritse mawonekedwe onse. Ngakhale izi zitha kugwira ntchito m'malingaliro, sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zingapo. Choyamba, tchipisi timatulutsa kuwala ndi ma bandwidths opapatiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe ambiri omwe phosphors amapereka. Kuphatikiza apo, magwiridwe antchito a tchipisi tamitundu yosiyanasiyana amasiyana kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwongolera kuwala. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kusintha kwa mitundu ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tchipisi.
Kuti tifananize momveka bwino, tebulo lotsatirali likufotokozera mwachidule njira zinayi zopezera ma LED amtundu uliwonse:
| njira | Mwachangu | CRI | Cost | Packaging Kuvuta | Zonse Magwiridwe | Mtundu wa Njira |
| Gulu limodzi la Blue Chip Phosphors Yosangalatsa | High | Wongolerani | Low | Low | Good | Chip Chimalimbikitsa Phosphor |
| Wapawiri/Katatu-band Blue Chip Osangalatsa Phosphors | High | High | Wongolerani | Wongolerani | Zabwino kwambiri | Chip Chimalimbikitsa Phosphor |
| UV Chip Phosphor Yosangalatsa | Low | High | High | Low | Osauka | Chip Chimalimbikitsa Phosphor |
| Multi-chip Combination | Low | High | High | Low | Osauka | Chip (Ikhoza Kuwonjezera Phosphors) |
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma LED a Full Spectrum
Tsopano popeza tafotokoza njira zopezera ma LED amtundu uliwonse, tingawagwiritse ntchito bwanji? Chinthu chimodzi chofunika kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa mtundu. Kuwala kwadzuwa kumasintha tsiku lonse komanso nyengo zonse. Mwachitsanzo, a mtundu wa kutentha dzuwa likamatuluka pafupifupi 2000K, masana ndi pafupifupi 5000K, ndipo dzuwa likamalowa ndi pafupifupi 2300K. Choncho, ma LED amtundu uliwonse amafunika kupangidwa kuti azitsanzira kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kumayendera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha, yomwe ingapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe tafotokozazi.
Kutengera kufotokozera pamwambapa, ma LED owoneka bwino amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi pafupifupi chilichonse chowunikira, monga kuyatsa kwapakhomo, kuunikira kunja, kuyatsa kwa mafakitale, nyali zamadesiki, mizere yoyendera ma sipekitiramu athunthu ngakhalenso kuyatsa kwa zomera. Ntchito zenizeni zimadalira kwambiri mtengo ndi kuvomereza kwa ogula. Pakalipano, nyali zapadesiki ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa ngati kuwala kotsika kwa buluu, zoteteza maso, komanso kutentha kwamitundu. Nyali zimenezi ndi zokwera mtengo kuposa nyali wamba. Kuyerekeza pakati pa miyezo ya dziko la China ndi zofunikira za "full-spectrum certification" CRI zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 2. Monga momwe tawonera patebulo, chikhalidwe cha dziko la China cha nyali za desiki chikhoza kukwaniritsidwa mosavuta ndi magwero a kuwala kwa LED, pamene mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse. certification imafunikira magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.
Gulu 2: Kuyerekeza kwa CRI kwa Nyali za Desk
| Standard | Chitsimikizo cha Full Spectrum |
| Nambala Yokhazikika & Dzina | GB/T 9473-2022 "Zofunika Kuchita Powerenga ndi Kulemba Nyali" |
| Zofunikira za CRI | General CRI: Ra ≥ 80 |
| Special CRI: R9> 0 |
Kutsiliza
Potengera zomwe tafotokoza pamwambapa zaukadaulo wamtundu wa LED, ife, monga akatswiri amakampani, tiyenera kuganizira izi: Kodi gwero la kuwala lomwe lilipo pano ndi lomwe anthu amafunikiradi? Chonde khalani omasuka kunditumizira uthenga kapena kusiya ndemanga kuti mukambirane zambiri!
