Takulandilani kudziko la Light Emitting Diode (ma LED), komwe kuwongolera mphamvu kumakumana ndi zowunikira.

Ma LED asintha momwe timaunikira nyumba zathu, maofesi, ndi malo athu onse. Ili ndi njira zowunikira zowala, zokhalitsa, komanso zokhazikika. Zodabwitsa zazing'onozi zachokera kutali. Ndipo izi ndi zowona zomwe zimapangitsa ma LED kukhala oyenera m'malo mwa mababu achikhalidwe a incandescent ndi machubu a fulorosenti. Zitha kukhala kuchokera ku ma LED ang'onoang'ono omwe amawunikira mafoni athu mpaka pazithunzi zazikulu za LED zomwe zimatiwonetsa ku Times Square.

Maupangiri atsatanetsatane awa asanthula zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa za ma LED. Muphunzira za mbiri yawo, mfundo zogwirira ntchito, ntchito, ndi zopindulitsa. Chifukwa chake, kaya ndinu mainjiniya, wopanga zowunikira, kapena wogula mwachidwi, mangani lamba wanu ndikukonzekera kuunikira!

Kodi Light Emitting Diode (Ma LED) Ndi Chiyani?

Ma Diodes Owala (Ma LED) ndi zida zazing'ono za semiconductor. Amatulutsa kuwala pamene mphamvu yamagetsi idutsa mwa iwo. Mosiyana ndi izi, mababu amtundu wa incandescent amapanga kuwala powotcha ulusi wa waya. Ma LED amadalira kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi muzinthu za semiconductor kuti apange kuwala.

Ma LED amabwera amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira ofiira ndi obiriwira mpaka abuluu ndi oyera. Kuphatikiza apo, ma LED amapereka maubwino angapo kuposa matekinoloje owunikira achikhalidwe. Zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, moyo wautali, ndi kukula kochepa. Chifukwa chake, atchuka kwambiri m'mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. LED yaphimba chilichonse kuyambira kuyatsa ndi zowonetsera mpaka ukadaulo wamagalimoto ndi ndege.

Mbiri Yachidule ya ma LED

Ma LED (light-emitting diodes) amapezeka paliponse m'moyo wathu wamakono. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chilichonse kuyambira magetsi apamsewu kupita ku zipangizo zamagetsi. Ngakhale zowunikira kunyumba ndi mahedifoni amagalimoto. Komabe mbiri yawo inayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20.

Mu 1907, wasayansi wa ku Britain HJ Round anapeza chodabwitsa chotchedwa electroluminescence. Zida zina zimatha kutulutsa kuwala pamene mphamvu yamagetsi idutsamo. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa electroluminescence sikunayambe mpaka 1960.

Kwa zaka makumi angapo zotsatira, ofufuza adapitilizabe kukonza ukadaulo wa LED. Anapanga mitundu yatsopano ndikuwonjezera kuwala kwawo. Ma LED obiriwira ndi abuluu adayamba kukhalako m'ma 1990 pambuyo pa ma LED achikasu m'ma 1970. Mu 2014, ofufuza a ku yunivesite ya California, Santa Barbara, adapanga LED yoyera. Zinasintha ntchito yowunikira magetsi.

Masiku ano, ma LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuyatsa, zowonetsera, ndi zida zamankhwala. Amakhala okhalitsa komanso osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuposa mababu a incandescent. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika kwa ogula ndi mabizinesi.

Ubwino wa Kuwunikira kwa LED

Kuunikira kwa LED kumapereka maubwino angapo kuposa mitundu ina ya kuyatsa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, kupulumutsa ndalama, ubwino wa chilengedwe, kukhalitsa, ndi kusinthasintha kwa mapangidwe. M'chigawo chino, tipenda ubwino umenewu mwatsatanetsatane.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu ndi Kusunga Mtengo

Ubwino umodzi wofunikira pakuwunikira kwa LED ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake. Ma LED ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa nyali za incandescent kapena nyali za fulorosenti. Chifukwa chakuti amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kuti apange kuwala kofanana. Tanthauzo lake, kuyatsa kwa LED kungakupulumutseni ndalama zambiri pamabilu amagetsi. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi.

Malingana ndi Dipatimenti ya Zamagetsi ku US, kuyatsa kwa LED kungagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zochepera 75% kuposa mababu a incandescent. Komanso kumatenga nthawi 25 nthawi yaitali. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa moyo wa babu la LED, mutha kusunga mazana a madola pamtengo wamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, magetsi a LED amatulutsa kutentha pang'ono. Choncho, amatha kusintha mphamvu kukhala kuwala osati kuwononga kutentha.

Ubwino Wachilengedwe

Ubwino winanso wofunikira pakuwunikira kwa LED ndi zabwino zake zachilengedwe. Ma LED ndi ochezeka komanso amakhala ndi mawonekedwe otsika a carbon kuposa matekinoloje achikhalidwe. Izi zili choncho chifukwa amadya mphamvu zochepa, kutanthauza kuti mphamvu zochepa zimafunika kuti zipangidwe kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma LED alibe zida zilizonse zowopsa monga mercury. Izi zimapezeka mu nyali za fulorosenti. Tanthauzo lake ndikuti ma LED ndi otetezeka ku chilengedwe. Komanso, ndikosavuta kutaya kusiyana ndi matekinoloje owunikira achikhalidwe.

Kukhazikika ndi Moyo Wautali

Kuwala kwa LED ndikokhazikika komanso kokhalitsa. Ma LED amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zolimba. Ndipo alibe ulusi uliwonse kapena machubu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti asathyoke kapena kusweka. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo akunja kapena malo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chokhudzidwa kapena kugwedezeka.

Ma LED amakhalanso ndi moyo wautali kuposa matekinoloje owunikira achikhalidwe. Zitha kukhala mpaka maola 50,000. Izi ndizotalika kwambiri kuposa mababu a incandescent kapena nyali za fulorosenti. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kupulumutsa ndalama pazosintha ndi kukonza pakapita nthawi.

Pangani Zosiyanasiyana

Komanso, zimagwira ntchito bwino m'malo omwe amapereka chakudya ndi zakumwa, komwe kuunikira kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa malingaliro. Kuunikira kwa LED kumasinthasintha kwambiri ndipo kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Amabwera m'miyeso yambiri ndi maonekedwe. Komanso, iwo ali oyenera zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino yowunikira kuyatsa kwa LED ndi- 

• Nyali za chubu za LED
• Mababu a LED
• Nyali za LED
• Zida za LED
• LED neon flex
• Kuwala kwa LED kokhazikika
• Magetsi amtundu wa LED
• Kuwala kwa LED, etc.

Kupatula apo, ma LEDwa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazowunikira zokhazokha zokongoletsa monga ma chandelier ndi nyali zoyala. Chifukwa chake, pankhani ya kapangidwe kake, LED ndiye njira yowunikira kwambiri yomwe mungapeze. 

Zosankha Zamitundu Yowala Kwambiri

Ma LED amapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kutentha kwamitundu. Mutha kusankha kuyatsa kotentha, kozizira, kapena koyera kwachilengedwe m'dera lanu ndi ma LED. Kupatula apo, ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowunikira: yofiira, yabuluu, yobiriwira, ndi yachikasu-mtundu uliwonse wowala womwe mukufuna, LED ndiye chisankho chanu chachikulu. Kupatula apo, imapereka mawonekedwe osintha mitundu, monga magetsi a RGB, zowongolera za LED, ndi zina. Chifukwa cha chowongolera chapamwamba cha LED chomwe chimapangitsa dongosolo losinthira mitundu iyi kukhala lotheka. Chifukwa chake, mutha kupanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe amdera lanu pogwiritsa ntchito ma LED. Izi zimawapangitsanso kukhala abwino kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo azamalonda komanso malo ogulitsa. 

Instant

Ma LED amapereka kuwala pompopompo akayatsidwa. Koma kuwala kwachikhalidwe kumatenga masekondi angapo kuti kutenthedwe kusanapereke kuwala kokwanira. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuwala kwanthawi yayitali kumafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, magetsi apamsewu ndi kuyatsa mwadzidzidzi.

Kodi ma LED amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Ma LED, kapena ma diode otulutsa kuwala, ndi ma semiconductors. Iwo asintha mmene timaunikira nyumba zathu, maofesi, ndi misewu. Koma ma LED amagwira ntchito bwanji? Tiyeni tifufuze zoyambira zaukadaulo wa LED, kuphatikiza ma electron, ma pn junctions, ndi zina zambiri.

• Zoyambira za Electron Flow

Kuti timvetsetse momwe ma LED amagwirira ntchito, choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsa mfundo zina zofunika za kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi. Ma electron ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono toyipa. Iwo amazungulira phata la atomu. Muzinthu zina, monga zitsulo, ma elekitironi ndi omasuka kuyenda. Zimalola kuti magetsi aziyenda. Muzinthu zina, monga ma insulators, ma elekitironi amamangirizidwa mwamphamvu ku maatomu awo. Ndipo samayenda momasuka.

Zida za semiconductor zili ndi zinthu zosangalatsa. Iwo amagwera penapake pakati pa zitsulo ndi insulators. Amatha kuyendetsa magetsi, koma zitsulo ndizabwinoko. Komabe, mosiyana ndi ma insulators, amatha "kusinthidwa" kuti aziyendetsa magetsi pazifukwa zina. Katunduyu amapangitsa ma semiconductors kukhala abwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pazida zamagetsi.

• PN Junction ndi Udindo wa Semiconductor Materials

Zida za Semiconductor zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakutulutsa kuwala mu ma LED. Silicon kapena germanium nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida za semiconductor mu ma LED. Kuti iwo azitha kutulutsa kuwala, muyenera kuwonjezera zonyansa pazinthu zomwe zimatchedwa doping.

Doping imaphatikizapo kuwonjezera zonyansa zazing'ono kuzinthu za semiconductor kuti zisinthe mphamvu zake zamagetsi. Pali magulu awiri a doping: n-mtundu ndi p-mtundu. Doping yamtundu wa N imaphatikizapo kuwonjezera zonyansa zomwe zimakhala ndi ma elekitironi owonjezera kuzinthu za semiconductor. Ma electron owonjezerawa amakhala omasuka kuyenda mozungulira muzinthuzo. Zimapanga kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'ono toyipa. Komano, doping yamtundu wa P imaphatikizapo kuwonjezera zonyansa zomwe zili ndi ma elekitironi ochepa kuposa zida za semiconductor. Izi zimapanga "mabowo" muzinthu kapena malo omwe electron ikusowa. Mabowowa ali ndi zida zabwino.

Pamene zinthu zamtundu wa p zimayikidwa pafupi ndi n-mtundu wa n, mphambano ya pn imapangidwa. Pamphambano, ma elekitironi owonjezera kuchokera kuzinthu zamtundu wa n amadzaza mabowo muzinthu zamtundu wa p. Izi zimapanga dera lakutha, kapena malo opanda ma elekitironi aulere kapena mabowo. Dera lochepetserali limakhala ngati cholepheretsa kuyenda kwapano. Izi zimalepheretsa kutuluka kwa ma electron kuchokera kuzinthu zamtundu wa n kupita ku zinthu zamtundu wa p.

• Kufunika kwa Doping ndi Kupanga Chigawo Chochepa

Kupanga chigawo chocheperako ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa LED. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pamphambano ya pn, imapangitsa kuti ma electron muzinthu zamtundu wa n asunthike polowera. Nthawi yomweyo, mabowo azinthu zamtundu wa p amasunthira kumphambano mbali ina. Ma electron ndi mabowo akakumana m'dera lakutha, amaphatikizana ndikutulutsa mphamvu ngati kuwala.

Kusiyana kwa mphamvu kumatsimikizira kutalika kwa kutalika kwa kuwala kopangidwa. Ili pakati pa gulu la valence ndi gulu la conduction la zinthu za semiconductor. Apa, gulu la conduction ndi gulu la mphamvu zamagetsi muzinthu zomwe ma elekitironi amatha kukhala osamangidwa ku atomu. Kumbali ina, gulu la valence ndi ma elekitironi odzaza mphamvu akamangika ku atomu. Ndipo pamene electron imagwa kuchokera ku gulu la conduction kupita ku gulu la valence, imatulutsa mphamvu ngati photon ya kuwala.

• Electroluminescence ndi Generation of Photons

Electroluminescence ndi chinthu chotulutsa kuwala. Ndi njira yotulutsa kuwala kuchokera kuzinthu poyankha mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imadutsamo. Pankhani yaukadaulo wa LED, njira ya electroluminescence imachitika mkati mwa chipangizo cha LED.

Kuwala kwa LED ndi chipangizo cha semiconductor chomwe chimatulutsa kuwala pamene magetsi agwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zake. LED imapangidwa ndi pn junction, dera lomwe ma semiconductors awiri amaphatikizidwa. Semiconductor yamtundu wa p imakhala ndi chonyamulira chabwino (dzenje). Pa nthawi yomweyo, n-mtundu semiconductor ali ndi chonyamulira zoipa (electron).

Mphamvu yamphamvu yotsatsira kutsogolo imayikidwa pamagawo a pn a LED. Ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti ma elekitironi agwirizane ndi mabowo a ma elekitironi kuti atulutse mphamvu ngati ma photon. Ma photons opangidwa amadutsa mu zigawo za LED. Ndipo amatulutsa kuchokera ku chipangizocho ngati kuwala kowonekera. Koma mtundu wa kuwala kotulutsidwawo umadalira mphamvu ya ma photon. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mphamvu ya bandgap ya zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu LED. Mwachitsanzo, ma LED ofiira amapangidwa kuchokera ku semiconductors okhala ndi mphamvu yotsika ya bandgap. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma LED a buluu ndi obiriwira amafunikira ma semiconductors okhala ndi mipata yamphamvu kwambiri. Tchati chomwe chili pansipa chikukuwonetsani ma semiconductors oyenera amitundu yosiyanasiyana yowala mu ma LED- 

Mitundu ya ma LED

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma LED (Light Emitting Diodes), ena mwa iwo ndi:

1. Ma LED okhazikika

Ma LED okhazikika amadziwikanso kuti ma-bowo kapena ma LED achikhalidwe. Ndiwo ma diode omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma LED. Ma LED awa amapangidwa ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka semiconducting zida ndipo amakutidwa mu phukusi lomveka bwino la epoxy resin ndi zikhomo ziwiri zachitsulo. Izi zotsogola zimakonzedwa molunjika. Choncho, kuwayika pa bolodi losindikizidwa ndilofulumira komanso kosavuta.

Ma LED okhazikika amatulutsa kuwala pamene magetsi agwiritsidwa ntchito ku chip mkati mwa phukusi la epoxy resin. Mtundu wa kuwala komwe umatulutsa umadalira zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chip. Mwachitsanzo, ma LED opangidwa kuchokera ku Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) amatulutsa kuwala kofiira. Nthawi yomweyo, zopangidwa kuchokera ku Gallium Nitride (GaN) zimatulutsa kuwala kwa buluu ndi kobiriwira.

Ubwino umodzi waukulu wa ma LED okhazikika ndikukhalitsa kwawo komanso moyo wautali. Zitha kukhala kwa maola masauzande ambiri. Ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa mababu achikhalidwe a incandescent. Amakhalanso osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepera 90% kuposa mababu a incandescent. Amatulutsa kutentha kochepa kwambiri. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa ntchito zomwe kutulutsa kutentha kumakhala nkhawa.

Ma LED okhazikika amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikizapo zowonetsera magetsi, kuyatsa magalimoto, zipangizo zamagetsi, ndi zipangizo zapakhomo. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamagetsi apamsewu komanso mawotchi a digito. Komanso, iwo ndi abwino kusankha ntchito zina zomwe zimafuna gwero lodalirika komanso lopanda mphamvu.

2. Ma LED amphamvu kwambiri

Ma LED amphamvu kwambiri ndi ma diode otulutsa kuwala opangidwa kuti azitulutsa kuwala kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amadya mphamvu zochepa. Ndiabwino pakuwunikira, magalimoto, zikwangwani, ndi zida zamagetsi.

Ma LED amphamvu kwambiri amasiyana ndi ma LED okhazikika chifukwa kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake ndizosiyana. Ma LED amphamvu kwambiri amapangidwa ndi ma tchipisi angapo a LED omwe amayikidwa pagawo limodzi. Izi zimathandiza kuonjezera kuwala kwawo chonse ndi zotuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, ma LED amphamvu kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito sinki yayikulu yotentha. Imachotsa kutentha komwe kumatulutsa kwambiri. Choncho, amateteza LED ku kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.

Ubwino umodzi waukulu wa ma LED amphamvu kwambiri ndikuchita bwino kwawo. Amapanga kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwamphamvu pagawo lililonse la mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika pakugwiritsa ntchito magetsi osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Amakhalanso olimba kuposa magwero amagetsi achikhalidwe. Komanso, amakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri. Izi zimachepetsa kufunika kosinthidwa pafupipafupi komanso kukonza.

Ma LED amphamvu kwambiri amapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kutentha kwamitundu. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zingapo monga zonse, ntchito, ndi kuyatsa kwapadera. Mwachitsanzo, kulimani magetsi a zomera zamkati, kuyatsa kwa aquarium, ndi kuyatsa siteji.

3. Ma LED achilengedwe (OLED)

Magetsi a Organic (OLEDs) ndi ukadaulo wowunikira womwe umagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe kutulutsa kuwala. Ma OLED ndi ofanana ndi ma LED achikhalidwe. Amatulutsa kuwala pamene magetsi agwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma kusiyana kuli pakugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo.

Ma LED achikhalidwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosakhala ngati semiconductors ndi ma alloys achitsulo. M'malo mwake, ma OLED amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe monga ma polima ndi mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono. Zidazi zimayikidwa muzowonda pang'ono pa gawo lapansi. Ndiyeno kusonkhezeredwa ndi mlandu wamagetsi, kuwachititsa kuti atulutse kuwala.

Ma OLED amapereka maubwino angapo kuposa matekinoloje owunikira achikhalidwe. Chifukwa chimodzi, amatha kukhala owonda kwambiri komanso osinthika. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala njira zabwino zogwiritsira ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Chilichonse kuyambira mafoni a m'manja ndi ma TV mpaka zowunikira komanso zolembera zikuphatikizidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ma OLED amatha kukhala osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kupanga kuwala komwe kumawononga mphamvu zochepa kusiyana ndi zamakono zamakono.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri za OLED ndikuti amatha kupanga mitundu yowala, yapamwamba kwambiri. Ma OLED amatulutsa kuwala mwachindunji kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe zokha. Chifukwa chake, amatha kupanga mitundu yochulukirapo komanso yosiyana bwino kuposa ma LED achikhalidwe. Komabe, zimadalira zosefera kuti zipange mitundu. Izi zimapangitsa ma OLED kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu ngati zowonetsera digito. Komanso, ndi yabwino kwa zowunikira zowunikira komwe kulondola kwamtundu ndikofunikira.

4. Ma LED a Polima (PLEDs)

Ma polymer Light-Emitting diodes (PLEDs) gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zopangira polima ngati gawo logwira ntchito. Zida za organic izi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera a kuwala ndi zamagetsi. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa zida zotulutsa kuwala.

Ma LED achikhalidwe amapangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda pake. Mwachitsanzo, gallium nitride ndi silicon. Koma ma PLED amapangidwa ndi ma polima. Ma polima awa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi maunyolo aatali a mayunitsi obwereza. Zimawapatsa katundu wapadera.

Ma PLED amagwiritsa ntchito gawo lamagetsi kuti asangalatse ma elekitironi muzinthu za polima. Izi zimapangitsa kuti azitulutsa kuwala. Posintha kapangidwe kake ka zinthu za polima, PLED imatha kusintha mtundu wa kuwala komwe kumatulutsa.

Chimodzi mwazabwino za PLED ndikuti amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsika mtengo, zopukutira-to-roll. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo. Izi zapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zowunikira, zowonetsera, ndi zida zamagetsi.

Ubwino wina wa ma PLED ndikuti amatha kukhala osinthika komanso osinthika. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa zida zamagetsi zovala, monga zovala zanzeru ndi masensa okhala ndi khungu.

5. Ma LED a Quantum Dot (QD-LEDs)

Ma LED a Quantum Dot (QD-LEDs) gwiritsani ntchito ma nanocrystals otchedwa madontho a quantum kuti apange kuwala. Madontho awa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zida za semiconductor. Ndipo kukula kwake kumayambira 2 mpaka 10 nanometers. Mu QD-LED, madontho a quantum amayikidwa pakati pa ma electrode awiri. Mphamvu yamagetsi imadutsa mwa iwo, yomwe imakondweretsa ma electron mkati mwa madontho. Ma electron okondwawa akabwerera ku nthaka yawo, amamasula mphamvu ngati kuwala. Kukula kwa kadontho ka quantum kumatsimikizira mtundu wa kuwala kopangidwa. Timadontho ting'onoting'ono timatulutsa kuwala kwa buluu, ndipo timadontho tokulirapo timatulutsa kuwala kofiira. Ndipo kukula kwapakatikati kumatulutsa kuwala kobiriwira ndi chikasu.

Ubwino umodzi waukulu wa kuyatsa kwa QD-LED ndi kuthekera kwake kutulutsa mitundu yambiri. Amapanganso zolondola kwambiri komanso zogwira mtima. Izi ndichifukwa choti kukula kwa madontho a quantum kumatha kuyendetsedwa bwino. Izi zimathandiza kuti kuwala kotulutsidwa kukhale kolondola. Kuphatikiza apo, ma QD-LED amakhala ndi moyo wautali ndipo amadya mphamvu zochepa. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala okonda zachilengedwe.

Komabe, ma QD-LED akadali ukadaulo watsopano ndipo sanapezekebe kwambiri. Palinso nkhawa za kuopsa kwa zida za semiconductor zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madontho a quantum. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi cadmium kapena zitsulo zina zolemera. Kafukufuku wa ma QD-LED akupitilira. Ochita kafukufuku akupanga zida zotetezeka komanso zokomera chilengedwe pazidazi.

6. Ma LED a Ultraviolet (Ma UV-LED)

Ma Ultraviolet LEDs (UV-LEDs) amatulutsa kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV). N’zosaoneka ndi maso. Ma UV-LED amatulutsa kuwala mu ultraviolet spectrum. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa 280 ndi 400 nanometers (nm). Komanso, amagawidwa m'magulu atatu: 

1. UV-A (315–400 nm)
2. UV-B (280–315 nm)
3. UV-C (100–280 nm)

Ma UV-LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga kuchiritsa, kutsekereza, ndi kuyeretsa madzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiritsa zomatira ndi zokutira popanga zamagetsi. Komanso, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiritsa inki ndi zokutira m'makampani osindikizira komanso m'mafakitale amagalimoto ndi ndege. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiabwino pantchito yachipatala pazida zowumitsa ndi malo.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kuwala kwa UV, kuphatikiza kwa UV-LED, kumatha kuwononga thanzi la munthu. Kuyatsa kwa UV kumatha kuwononga maso komanso khansa yapakhungu. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera zodzitetezera mukamagwira ntchito ndi ma UV-LED. Ndipo ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo achitetezo omwe wopanga amapereka.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, mukhoza kuwerenga Kodi Pali Kusiyana Kotani Pakati pa UVA, UVB, ndi UVC?

Kodi ma LED amapangidwa bwanji?

Njira yopangira ma LED ndizovuta kwambiri. Zimaphatikizapo kuphatikizira kukonzekera kwawafa, etching, encapsulation, ndi zina. Zimaphatikizanso matekinoloje opaka. Koma ndiwafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane, koma izi zisanachitike, tidziwe za zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga izi-

Zida Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Popanga Ma LED

Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma LED zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Amazindikira magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe a LED. Nazi zina zodziwika bwino za zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma LED:

• Gallium Nitride (GaN) ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga LED. GaN ndi chida cha semiconductor chomwe chimatha kutulutsa kuwala kwa buluu ndi wobiriwira. Ndiwofunikira popanga ma LED oyera. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati gawo lapansi popanga ma LED.

• Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN) ndi ternary semiconductor material. Amapanga ma LED a buluu, obiriwira, ndi oyera. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ma laser diode.

• Aluminium Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP) ndi quaternary semiconductor material. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma LED ofiira, alalanje, ndi achikasu. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuwala kwambiri kwa LED monga magalimoto ndi kuyatsa magalimoto.

• safiro ndi gawo lapansi lodziwika bwino pakupanga kwa LED. Ndizinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, zamtundu umodzi wa kristalo. Chifukwa chake, imapereka maziko okhazikika okulitsa makhiristo a GaN.

• Silicon Carbide (SiC) ndi wide-bandgap semiconductor material yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri a LED. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zida zamagetsi zamagetsi komanso ntchito zotentha kwambiri.

• Phosphor ndi zinthu zomwe zimasintha kuwala kwa buluu kapena UV komwe kumatulutsidwa ndi ma LED kukhala mitundu ina. Zidazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma LED oyera.

• Mkuwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zoyatsira kutentha pakupanga kwa LED. Ndiwoyendetsa bwino kwambiri kutentha ndipo amathandiza kuchotsa kutentha kopangidwa ndi LED.

• Gold imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chingwe cholumikizira waya popanga ma LED. Ndi kondakitala wabwino kwambiri wamagetsi ndipo ili ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri.

Njira Yopangira Ma LED

Njira yopangira ma LED nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi izi:

Gawo 1: Kukonzekera kwa Wafer

Gawo loyamba pakupanga ma LED ndikukonzekera gawo lapansi poyeretsa ndi kupukuta. Kenako gawo lapansi limakutidwa ndi chinthu chopyapyala chotchedwa buffer layer. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa zolakwika ndikuwongolera mtundu wa LED.

Gawo lachiwiri: Epitaxy

Gawo lotsatira ndi epitaxy. Zimaphatikizapo kukulitsa gawo la semiconductor pamwamba pa gawo lapansi. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). Apa chisakanizo cha mpweya wokhala ndi zida za semiconductor chimatenthedwa. Kenako imayikidwa pa substrate. Makulidwe a epitaxial wosanjikiza amatsimikizira kutalika kwa kuwala komwe LED idzatulutsa.

Gawo lachitatu: Doping

Epitaxial layer ikakula, imayikidwa ndi zonyansa kuti ipange madera amtundu wa P ndi N. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri pogwiritsa ntchito ion implantation. Apa ma ion a zonyansa amayikidwa mu semiconductor zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa amphamvu kwambiri.

Gawo la 4: Kupanga Kontrakiti

Pambuyo doping, LED yokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza zitsulo kupanga kukhudzana magetsi. Chitsulocho chimayikidwa pa LED pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa sputtering. Apa kuwala kwamphamvu kwa ayoni kumayika chitsulo pa LED.

Gawo la 5: Kujambula

Mu sitepe iyi, photolithography imapanga mapangidwe pamwamba pa LED. Chojambula cha photoresist chimayikidwa pa LED. Kenako chithunzicho chimayikidwa mu photoresist pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa ultraviolet. Chitsanzocho chimasamutsidwa kumtunda wa LED pogwiritsa ntchito etching youma. Apa madzi a m'magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zinthu za semiconductor.

Khwerero 6: Encapsulation

Gawo lachisanu ndi chimodzi pakupanga kwa LED ndi encapsulation. Apa LED imayikidwa mu phukusi lomwe limateteza ku chilengedwe ndikuthandizira kuti lisungunuke kutentha. Phukusili limapangidwa ndi epoxy, kutsanuliridwa pa LED, ndikuchiritsidwa kuti likhale chipolopolo cholimba, choteteza. Phukusili limaphatikizanso zolumikizira zamagetsi zomwe zimalumikiza ma LED ku gwero lamagetsi.

Gawo lomaliza: Kuyesedwa

Pomaliza, ma LED omwe ali m'matumba amayesedwa kuti atsimikizire kuti akukumana ndi kuwala komwe kukufunika. Komanso, zimatsimikizira mtundu ndi magwiridwe antchito. Zida zilizonse zolakwika zimatayidwa, ndipo zida zotsalira zimatumizidwa kwa makasitomala.

Kusiyanitsa Pakati pa Ma LED ndi Magwero Owala Achikhalidwe

Ma LED ndi abwino kwambiri ndipo amawononga mphamvu zochepa poyerekeza ndi magetsi akale. Amakhalanso ndi moyo wautali, mpaka maola 50,000, ndipo amapanga kutentha kochepa. Magetsi a LED amapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo amapereka kuwala kwapamwamba. Zimakhalanso zazing'ono komanso zophatikizika ndipo zimabwera m'mawonekedwe angapo. Kuphatikiza apo, magetsi a LED ndi ochezeka ndi chilengedwe ndipo alibe zinthu zapoizoni.

Komano, nyali zachikale sizigwira ntchito bwino ndipo zimawononga mphamvu zambiri. Amakhala ndi moyo wamfupi, mpaka maola 10,000, ndipo amapanga kutentha kwakukulu. Amakhalanso ndi mitundu yochepa yamitundu yomwe ilipo. Kuwala kwachikhalidwe kumakhala kochulukira ndipo kumabwera m'mawonekedwe ochepa. Zili ndi zinthu zapoizoni ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe.

Ma LED amayatsidwa ndikuzimitsa nthawi yomweyo ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro chochepa. Zimagwirizananso ndi zowongolera zamagetsi ndipo zimatha kuzimiririka ndi zowongolera zomwe zimagwirizana. Komabe, ali ndi mtengo wapamwamba woyambira, koma ndi wotsika mtengo pakapita nthawi. Kuwala kwachikhalidwe kumakhala ndi mtengo wochepa woyambira koma wokwera mtengo. Ndipo pamafunika kukonza kwakukulu. Choncho, zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zowongolera zamagetsi. Ndipo khalani ndi kuthekera kocheperako kwa dimming.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, mukhoza kuwerenga Ubwino ndi Kuipa kwa Kuunikira kwa LED.

Kumvetsetsa Magwiridwe a LED 

Kumvetsetsa magwiridwe antchito a LED kungakhale kovuta. Zimakhudzanso zambiri zaukadaulo, zinthu, ndi njira zoyesera. Tiyeni tikambirane zina zofunika ma LED mafotokozedwe ndi mbali zomwe zikukhudza mawonekedwe a LED. Komanso kuyesa kwa LED ndi certification.

Mafotokozedwe a LED

Nawa tsatanetsatane wa mawonekedwe a LED:

• Flux Wowala

Kuwala kowala kumayesa kuchuluka kwa kuwala kowoneka kotulutsidwa ndi gwero la LED. Gawo la kuyeza kwa kuwala kowala ndi lumen (lm). Mtengo wokwera wa lumen umasonyeza kuwala kwa LED. Komabe, kuwala kowala kokha sikumapereka chidziwitso cha mtundu wa kuwala komwe kumatulutsa. Zinthu zina zilipo chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, kutulutsa mitundu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndi zina.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, mutha kuwerenga pansipa:

Candela vs Lux vs Lumens.

Lumen to Watts: The Complete Guide

Kelvin ndi Lumens: Kumvetsetsa Kusiyanasiyana

• Kuthandiza Kwambiri

Kuwala kowala kwa gwero la LED kumayesa kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumatulutsa. Imayesa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pagawo lililonse la nthawi. Muyeso woyezera mphamvu yowala ndi lumen pa watt (lm/W). Nambala yowoneka bwino kwambiri imatanthawuza kuti kuwala kwa LED ndikokwanira kwambiri ndipo kumapangitsa kuwala kochulukirapo pagawo lililonse la mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito. Ma LED okhala ndi mphamvu zowala kwambiri amatha kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kutsitsa mtengo wogwirira ntchito.

• Kutentha kwa Mitundu

Kutentha kwamtundu kumayesa mawonekedwe a kuwala motengera mtundu kuchokera ku gwero la LED. Kelvin ndi gawo la kuyeza kutentha kwa mtundu (K). Ma LED amatha kutulutsa kuwala mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha. Itha kukhala yoyera yotentha (2700K–3000K) mpaka yoyera yozizira (5000K–6500K). Kutentha kwamtundu wocheperako kumawonetsa kuwala kotentha (kwachikasu). Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chokwera chimasonyeza kuwala kozizira (bluish).

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, mutha kuwerenga pansipa:

Momwe Mungasankhire Kutentha kwa Mtundu wa Mzere wa LED?

Kutentha Kwabwino Kwambiri kwa Kuwala kwa Maofesi a LED

• Mitundu Yopereka Mitundu (CRI)

Mtundu wopereka index (CRI) amayesa momwe gwero la LED lingaperekere mitundu poyerekeza ndi kuwala kwachilengedwe. Mtengo wa CRI umachokera ku 0 mpaka 100, ndi mtengo wapamwamba wosonyeza kutulutsa bwino kwa mitundu. LED yokhala ndi mtengo wa CRI wa 80 kapena kupitilira apo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Mosiyana ndi izi, LED yokhala ndi mtengo wa CRI pansi pa 80 ikhoza kutulutsa mitundu yosokoneza.

• Forward Voltage

Forward voltage ndi mphamvu yoyatsa nyali ya LED ndikupangitsa kuti itulutse kuwala. Gawo la kuyeza kwa voteji yakutsogolo ndi volt (V). Mphamvu yakutsogolo ya LED imasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa LED ndi njira yopangira.

• Reverse Current Leakage

Kutayikira komweku komweko ndi komwe kumadutsa mu LED kulowera chakumbuyo. Izi zimachitika pamene magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana. Kutayikira kwaposachedwa kwa LED kuyenera kukhala kotsika momwe kungathekere kuti zitsimikizire kugwira ntchito moyenera komanso moyo wautali.

Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Magwiridwe a LED

Ma LED, kapena ma Light Emitting Diode, atchuka kwambiri. Amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, amakhala ndi moyo wautali, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze momwe ma LED amagwirira ntchito bwino, monga:

• Management mafuta

Chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a ma LED ndi kuthekera kwawo kuyendetsa kutentha. Ma LED ndi zida zomwe sizimamva kutentha. Ngati sanazizidwe mokwanira, amatha kuwonongeka. Izi zidzachepetsa mphamvu ndikufupikitsa moyo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuwongolera koyenera kwa matenthedwe kuti ma LED azigwira bwino ntchito.

• Yendetsani Pano

Chinthu chinanso chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a LED ndikuyendetsa pano. Ma LED amagwira ntchito pamlingo winawake wapano. Kupitilira apo kungachepetse nthawi ya moyo wawo, kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito, ndikupangitsa kulephera. Kumbali inayi, kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono kwa LED kumatha kubweretsa kutulutsa kocheperako komanso moyo wamfupi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi drive yoyenera kuti muwonetsetse kuti LED ikugwira ntchito bwino.

• Kukalamba

Monga chipangizo china chilichonse chamagetsi, ma LED amakalambanso. Izi zitha kukhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito pakapita nthawi. Pamene ma LED akukalamba, mphamvu zawo zimachepa, ndipo kuwala kwawo kumachepa. Njirayi imadziwika kuti kuchepa kwa lumen. Ndipo imatha kufulumizitsidwa ndi kutentha, chinyezi, ndi zina zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuganizira kutalika kwa moyo wa LED. Komanso, ganizirani kuchuluka kwake komwe kumayembekezeredwa popanga njira yowunikira.

• Mtundu kuloza

Chinanso chomwe chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a LED ndikusintha kwamitundu. Mtundu wa LED umasintha pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zinthu za phosphor. Izi zitha kupangitsa kusintha kwamitundu kosafunikira munjira yowunikira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosasangalatsa kapena yosagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolinga zake.

• Optics

Ma Optics omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi a LED amathanso kukhudza kwambiri magwiridwe ake. Ma optics oyenerera angathandize kugawa kuwala mofanana. Chifukwa chake, imakulitsa mphamvu ya kuwala kwa LED. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuwala kopanda kuwala kungapangitse kuwala kutayika kapena kubalalika. Zimachepetsa mphamvu zonse za dongosolo.

Kuyeza kwa LED ndi Certification

Chitsimikizo cha LED chimatsimikizira kuti chinthu cha LED chimakwaniritsa bwino komanso chitetezo chamakampani. Imatsimikiziranso miyezo yoyendetsera ntchito. Chitsimikizo chimachitidwa ndi mabungwe odziyimira pawokha omwe amagwira ntchito poyesa ndi certification.

• Chithunzi cha IESNA LM-80

IESNA LM-80 ndi muyezo woyezera kutsika kwa lumen kwa zinthu za LED pakapita nthawi. Imayesanso magwiridwe antchito pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Mulingo uwu umathandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti zopangira za LED zimasunga mtundu wawo komanso kuwala kwanthawi yayitali. 

• NKHANI YA MPHAMVU

ENERGY STAR ndi pulogalamu yomwe imatsimikizira zogulitsa za LED zomwe zimakwaniritsa mphamvu zamagetsi komanso magwiridwe antchito. Zogulitsa za LED zomwe zimalandila certification ya ENERGY STAR nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopatsa mphamvu kuposa zomwe sizinatsimikizidwe. Choncho, zingathandize ogula kusunga ndalama pa mabilu mphamvu. Chitsimikizo cha ENERGY STAR chimasonyezanso kuti chinthucho chimakwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba ya machitidwe ndi khalidwe.

• Matsimikizidwe Ena

Kuphatikiza pa ENERGY STAR, palinso ziphaso zina zazinthu za LED. Amaphatikizapo DLC (DesignLights Consortium) ndi UL (Underwriters Laboratories). Chitsimikizo cha DLC chimayang'ana kwambiri mphamvu zamagetsi. Nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kuti zinthu za LED ziyenerere kubweza ndalama. Chitsimikizo cha UL chikuwonetsa kuti chinthu cha LED chayesedwa ndikukwaniritsa miyezo yachitetezo.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, mukhoza kuwerenga Chitsimikizo cha Magetsi a Mzere wa LED.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma LED

Mavuto ena okhudzana ndi ma LED ndi awa:

Kuwala Ndi Kuwala

Ma LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zogona. Mwachitsanzo, kuyatsa kwapang'onopang'ono, njanji, ndi kuyatsa pansi pa kabati. Ndizopanda mphamvu komanso zokhalitsa. Zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino kwa mabanja omwe akufuna kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Komanso, imapulumutsa ndalama pamabilu amagetsi.

Ma LED amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pazowunikira zamalonda. Zitha kukhala zowunikira muofesi, zogulitsira, kapena zosungira. Amapereka kuwala kowala, kosasinthasintha komwe kungathandize kukonza zokolola. Komanso, amapanga malo olandirira makasitomala.

Ma LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazowunikira zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, magetsi a mumsewu, malo oimika magalimoto, ndi kuyatsa malo. Ndizosawononga mphamvu, zolimba, ndipo zimatha kupirira nyengo yovuta kwambiri. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kusankha ntchito panja.

Onetsetsani Tekinoloje

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma LED paukadaulo wowonetsera ndi zikwangwani za digito. Zowonetserazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chidziwitso, kutsatsa, komanso zosangalatsa m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Zolemba za digito zozikidwa pa LED zimakondedwa chifukwa zimatha kupanga kusiyana kwakukulu. Ilinso ndi zithunzi zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi mitundu yowala komanso yowoneka bwino yomwe imawoneka ngakhale padzuwa lowala. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa malonda akunja.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kodziwika kwa ma LED muukadaulo wowonetsera ndi pama TV. Ma TV a LED amagwiritsa ntchito ma LED kuwunikiranso chinsalu. Imapereka chithunzithunzi chabwino komanso kusiyanitsa. Ma LED amapangitsanso ma TV kukhala opatsa mphamvu kuposa ma TV anthawi zonse a LCD. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala okonda zachilengedwe.

Ma LED amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakompyuta, ma laputopu, ndi zida zam'manja. Zowonetsera za LED ndizochepa, zopepuka, ndipo zimadya mphamvu zochepa kuposa zowonetsera zakale. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa zida zonyamulika.

M'makampani osangalatsa, ma LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazowonetsera zazikulu monga makoma, pansi, ndi kudenga. Zowonetsera izi zimapereka zochitika zachidwi kwa omvera. Zimasangalatsa omvera, kaya m’makonsati, m’maseŵera, kapena m’mapaki amitu. Amatha kusinthidwa kuti aziwonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino popanga zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino.

Makampani Ogulitsa

Choyamba, ma LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwunikira magalimoto. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyali zakutsogolo, zakumbuyo, zowunikira mabuleki, ma siginecha otembenukira, ndi kuyatsa mkati. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kwa ma LED pamsika wamagalimoto ndi zowonetsera pa dashboard. Komanso, zida masango. Zowonetsa za LED zimapereka chidziwitso chomveka bwino, chowala, komanso makonda kwa madalaivala. Atha kukhazikitsidwa kuti awonetse zambiri monga liwiro, kuchuluka kwamafuta, ndi momwe injini zilili, mwa zina.

Ma LED amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zachitetezo pamagalimoto. Zimaphatikizapo magetsi oyendetsa masana, magetsi osinthika, ndi makamera osungira. Magetsi oyendetsa masana amawonjezera kuwoneka kwa magalimoto masana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, magetsi osinthika amasintha malinga ndi liwiro ndi chiwongolero cha galimoto kuti apereke kuunikira kwabwino. Ndipo makamera osunga zobwezeretsera amagwiritsa ntchito ma LED kuti apereke zithunzi zomveka bwino komanso zowala m'malo opepuka.

Ma LED amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakongoletsedwe akunja agalimoto. Komanso, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito powunikira kamvekedwe ka thupi lagalimoto ndi ma logo owunikira ndi mabaji. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyatsa kwa LED kumatha kupangitsa kuyatsa kwamphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, ma siginecha otembenukira motsatizana ndi zowonetsera zamawu.

Zida Zamankhwala

Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwazogwiritsa ntchito ma LED pazida zamankhwala:

• Kujambula Zachipatala: Kugwiritsa ntchito ma LED pazida zojambulira zamankhwala ndi makina a X-ray, makina a CT scanner, ndi makina a MRI. Ma LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwero owunikira pakuwunikira gawo la thupi lomwe likujambulidwa. Kuwala kochokera ku LED kumapereka chithunzi cholondola komanso chowala. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pazithunzi zotsika.

• Endoscopes: Ma LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu endoscopes, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maopaleshoni ochepa. Ma Endoscopes ali ndi nyali zazing'ono za LED zomwe zimawunikira malo opangira opaleshoni. Kuwala kowala kopangidwa ndi ma LED kumapereka chithunzi chomveka bwino cha malo opangira opaleshoni. Zimathandizira madokotala kuchita opaleshoni molondola komanso molondola.

• Nyali Za Opaleshoni: Ma LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazowunikira zapa opaleshoni. Izi zimapereka kuwala, kuwala koyera kuti aunikire malo opangira opaleshoni. Magetsi opangira opaleshoni opangidwa ndi LED amapereka maubwino angapo kuposa nyali zachikhalidwe za halogen. Izi zikuphatikiza moyo wautali, kutsika kwa kutentha, komanso kutulutsa kolondola kwamitundu.

• Phototherapy Zipangizo: Ma LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida za phototherapy. Amachiza matenda osiyanasiyana a khungu monga psoriasis, eczema, ndi acne. Kuwala kwa buluu komwe kumatulutsa ma LED ndikothandiza kupha mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa ziphuphu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuwala kofiira kumachepetsa bwino kutupa ndikulimbikitsa machiritso a bala.

• Zida Zamano: Ma LED amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazida zamano, monga nyali zochiritsa mano. Kuwala kumeneku kumatulutsa kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri. Izi zimayatsa utomoni wodzaza mano, kuwapangitsa kuumitsa mwachangu.

Kulankhulana Ndi Zizindikiro

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma LED pakulankhulana ndi kusaina ndi mumayendedwe. Magetsi oyendera magetsi opangidwa ndi LED ndi opatsa mphamvu kwambiri kuposa anzawo a incandescent. Ilinso ndi moyo wautali. Iwo amawonekera kwambiri mu kuwala kwa dzuwa. Amatha kukonzedwa kuti asinthe mitundu mwachangu kwambiri kuposa magetsi apamsewu achikhalidwe.

Ntchito ina yodziwika bwino ya ma LED posayina ndi pamagalimoto adzidzidzi. Monga magalimoto apolisi, magalimoto ozimitsa moto, ndi ambulansi. Magetsi a LED ndi owala komanso amawonekera patali. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza pakagwa mwadzidzidzi komwe kuwonetsa mwachangu komanso momveka bwino ndikofunikira.

Magetsi amtundu wa Runway ndi navigation amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamayendedwe apanyanja ndi ma signature apanyanja. Ma LED amakondedwa kuposa mababu a incandescent pamapulogalamu awa. Chifukwa ndi olimba, osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, komanso amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Ma LED amathanso kutulutsa kuwala kunjira inayake. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala othandiza pakuwonetsa mayendedwe.

Pa telecommunications, ma LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu fiber optic communication systems. Zingwe za Fiber optic zimatumiza deta kudzera pamagetsi opepuka. Ndipo ma LED amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwero a kuwala kwa machitidwewa. Makina opangira ma fiber optic a LED ndi othandiza kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi bandwidth yapamwamba kuposa njira zoyankhulirana zamkuwa.

Kusamalira ma LED

Ma LED amafunikira kukonzedwa kuti awonetsetse kuti akuyenda bwino. Imafunika chisamaliro kwa moyo wautali ngati chipangizo china chilichonse chamagetsi. Nawa maupangiri osamalira ma LED:

Kuyeretsa ma LED

• Gwiritsani Ntchito Njira Zoyeretsera Zoyenera: Kupewa mankhwala owopsa, monga zosungunulira, ndikofunikira poyeretsa ma LED. Izi zitha kuwononga mawonekedwe osalimba a LED. M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito detergent yofatsa kapena isopropyl alcohol solution. Onetsetsani kuti njira yoyeretserayo ilibe ma abrasive particles.

• Gwiritsani Ntchito Zida Zoyenera: Kuti muyeretse ma LED, gwiritsani ntchito nsalu yofewa, yopanda lint, monga microfiber kapena nsalu yoyeretsera ma lens. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolimba kapena zonyezimira ngati mapepala. Izi zitha kukanda pamwamba pa LED.

• Khalani Ofatsa: Mukamatsuka ma LED, khalani wodekha ndipo pewani kukakamiza kwambiri pamwamba pa LED. Pewani kugwira LED ndi zala zopanda kanthu. Mafuta ndi zonyansa zochokera pakhungu zimatha kupita kumtunda wa LED. Amachepetsa kuwala ndi moyo wautali.

Kusamalira ma LED

Kusamalira ma LED ndikofunikiranso kuti zitsimikizire kuti moyo wawo wautali. Nawa maupangiri othandizira ma LED:

• Pewani kukhudza LED: Mukamagwira ma LED, ndikofunikira kupewa kukhudza pamwamba pa LED ndi manja anu opanda kanthu. Mafuta ndi dothi m'manja mwanu zimatha kuwononga LED. M'malo mwake, gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi kapena nsalu yoyera, yopanda lint kuti mugwiritse ntchito nyali ya LED.

• Pewani kuyatsa ma LED ku chinyezi: Chinyezi chikhoza kuwononga LED. Chifukwa chake, kupewa kuwonetsa kuwala kwa LED ku chinyezi pakugwira ndikofunikira.

• Pewani kuyatsa ma LED pakutentha: Ma LED amamva kutentha, ndipo kukhudzana ndi kutentha kumatha kuwawononga. Chifukwa chake, kupewa kuwonetsa ma LED ku kutentha kwakukulu panthawi yogwira ndikofunikira.

• Sungani bwino ma LED: Ma LED amayenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, owuma kuti asatenthedwe ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi.

Kuthetsa mavuto a LED

Monga ukadaulo uliwonse, kuyatsa kwa LED kumakhalanso ndi zovuta zake. Ndikambilana zamavuto omwe amapezeka kwambiri pakuwunikira kwa LED komanso momwe ndingawathetsere.

1. Kuzungulira

Magetsi a LED amatha kuthwanima, makamaka akayatsidwa koyamba. Zimakwiyitsa komanso zimasokoneza. Zinthu zingapo zingayambitse vutoli. Zimaphatikizapo kusintha kwa dimmer kosagwirizana ndi dalaivala wolakwika. Kapena ikhoza kukhala magetsi kapena kuyika kosayenera.

Kuti mukonze vutoli, onetsetsani kuti switch ya dimmer ikugwirizana ndi nyali za LED. Sinthani zida zilizonse zosokonekera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zowunikira ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa.

2. Sungani

Magetsi a LED amatha kupanga kunyezimira, zomwe zingakhale zosasangalatsa komanso zimayambitsa vuto la maso. Zinthu zingapo zingayambitse vutoli. Monga kuyika kwa nyali, mtundu wa mababu ogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi kapangidwe kake.

Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, gwiritsani ntchito magalasi achisanu kapena opaka kuti muchepetse kuwala. Sinthani malo opangira magetsi, ndikusankha mababu okhala ndi kuwala kochepa.

3. Kutentha Kwamtundu Kolakwika

Magetsi a LED amatha kutulutsa kuwala ndi kutentha kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zitha kukhudza chilengedwe ndi mawonekedwe a chipinda. Mwachitsanzo, nyali zina za LED zimatha kutulutsa kuwala koyera, kotuwa komwe sikungakhale kosangalatsa. Apanso, kusankha mtundu wofunda wa kuyatsa kwaofesi kumapangitsa wogwira ntchitoyo kugona. 

Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, sankhani nyali za LED zokhala ndi kutentha kwamtundu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi malo omwe mukufuna. Mwachitsanzo, kuwala kotentha, kwachikasu kungagwirizane ndi chipinda chogona. Mosiyana ndi izi, kuwala kozizira, koyera-kwabuluu kungagwirizane ndi ntchito kapena malo ophunzirira.

4. kutentha

Magetsi a LED amatha kutulutsa kutentha, kuchepetsa moyo wawo ndi ntchito. Zinthu zingapo zingayambitse vutoli. Mwachitsanzo, kuzizira kosakwanira kapena mpweya wabwino. Komanso, pakhoza kukhala kutentha kwakukulu kozungulira komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kwamakono.

Onetsetsani kuti nyali za LED zazizilitsidwa bwino ndi mpweya wokwanira kuti athetse vutoli. Pewani kuziyika m'madera omwe ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mayendedwe apano ali mkati mwa mulingo wovomerezeka.

5. ngakhale

Nyali za LED sizingagwirizane ndi zowunikira zomwe zilipo kale kapena machitidwe. Izi zimapangitsa kukhazikitsa kwawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zovuta. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zingayambitse vutoli, mwachitsanzo, kusiyana kwa magetsi, magetsi, ndi mapangidwe.

Kuti muthetse vutoli, onetsetsani kuti magetsi a LED akugwira ntchito ndi magetsi omwe alipo kale. Kapena ganizirani kusintha zosintha ndi machitidwe ngati kuli kofunikira.

Kumvetsetsa mavutowa ndikuchitapo kanthu moyenera kuwathetsa. Chifukwa chake, mutha kusangalala ndi zabwino zambiri za kuyatsa kwa LED popanda vuto lililonse.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, mukhoza kuwerenga Kuthetsa Mavuto a Mzere wa LED.

Zamtsogolo Zamtsogolo muukadaulo wa LED

Tiyeni tiwone kusintha kwamtsogolo kwaukadaulo wa LED.

1. Kupititsa patsogolo Mphamvu Zamagetsi

Nazi zina mwazofunikira pakuwongolera mphamvu pakukula kwaukadaulo wa LED:

• Mwapamwamba Mwachangu

Mphamvu ya LED imayesa momwe gwero lounikira limasinthira magetsi kukhala kuwala kwamagetsi. Mphamvu ya LED yapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha sayansi ya zinthu. Komanso, kupititsa patsogolo kamangidwe ka chipangizochi kumapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yogwira mtima. Mwachitsanzo, ikupanga zida zatsopano za semiconductor, monga Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). Zapangitsa kuti pakhale ma LED abuluu ndi obiriwira, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri mu ma LED oyera. Ndipo m'zaka zikubwerazi, zatsopano zambiri zipangitsa kuti ma LED azigwira ntchito bwino. 

• Kuwongolera kwabwino kwa Thermal

Pamene ma LED akugwira ntchito bwino, amapanganso kutentha kwambiri. Izi zikhoza kuchepetsa ntchito yawo ndi moyo wawo wonse. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwa kasamalidwe ka matenthedwe kunathandizira kudalirika. Monga, bwino kutentha akumira ndi zipangizo ndi apamwamba matenthedwe madutsidwe. Kusintha kwa njirazi kupangitsa opanga ma LED kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito mtsogolo. Zidzathandizanso kuti zinthu zawo zikhale zodalirika.

• Smarter Control Systems

Ukadaulo wa LED umathandizidwanso ndi machitidwe apamwamba owongolera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ndikuwononga pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, makina owunikira a LED amatha kukhala ndi masensa. Masensa awa amazindikira kukhalapo. Amasinthanso milingo yowunikira yokha. Chifukwa chake imayimitsa magetsi potengera kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe. Ndipo m'zaka zamtsogolo, tikuyembekeza zambiri zodziwikiratu zama LED.

• Kuphatikiza ndi Matekinoloje Ena

Pomaliza, ma LED akuphatikizidwa kwambiri ndi matekinoloje ena, monga masensa a Internet of Things (IoT). Zimapanga njira zowunikira zowunikira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa malo ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza uku kungathandize kupulumutsa mphamvu zambiri polola kuti zowunikira ziziyendetsedwa molondola komanso moyenera.

2. Kupita patsogolo kwa Njira Zopangira Zinthu

Tiyeni tikambirane za kupita patsogolo kwa njira zopangira. Kupititsa patsogolo uku kukuyendetsa chitukuko chamtsogolo muukadaulo wa LED.

• Ma LED a Chip Scale Package (CSP).

Ma LED a CSP ndi mtundu watsopano wa LED womwe umachotsa kufunikira kwa zida zonyamula zachikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mafelemu otsogolera ndi ma waya. Izi zimachepetsa kukula ndi kulemera kwa LED, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zazing'ono. Ma LED a CSP alinso opambana, chifukwa ali ndi mtunda waufupi kuti ayende. Amachepetsanso kutaya mphamvu.

Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga ma CSP ma LED kumafuna zida zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, makina ophatikizira ophatikizika ndi makina opaka utoto wawafer-level. Masiku ano, akupezeka kwambiri.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, mukhoza kuwerenga CSP LED Strip VS COB LED Mzere.

• Ma Micro-LED

Kupanga njira zatsopano zophatikizira ma colloidal ndi kuphatikiza kwa ma QD mukupanga ma LED kumayendetsa tsogolo laukadaulo wa LED. Ma Micro-LED ndi ang'onoang'ono kuposa ma CSP LED, ndi kukula kwa ma micrometer osakwana 100. Amapereka mawonekedwe apamwamba, mitundu yowala, komanso kusiyana kwabwinoko kuposa ma LED achikhalidwe. Kupanga ma micro-LED ndizovuta chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kochepa. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kukupangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuzipanga zochuluka. Monga microfabrication, lithography, ndi ma wafer bonding.

• Madontho a Quantum (QDs)

Madontho a Quantum ndi ma semiconductor nanocrystals omwe amatulutsa kuwala akalimbikitsidwa ndi gwero la kuwala. Amapereka kulondola kwamtundu komanso kuwala kuposa ma LED achikhalidwe. Ndipo amatha kusinthidwa kuti atulutse mitundu yeniyeni. Ma QD amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa "colloidal synthesis." Zimaphatikizapo kupanga kuyimitsidwa kwa nanocrystals mumadzimadzi. Ma nanocrystals amayikidwa pagawo lapansi kuti apange LED. 

• 3D yosindikiza

Kusindikiza kwa 3D ndi njira yopangira zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupanga zinthu zosanjikiza ndi zosanjikiza. Amapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu pamapangidwe komanso kuthekera kopanga mawonekedwe ovuta. Kusindikiza kwa 3D kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mawonekedwe amtundu wa LED ndi nyumba. Zimachepetsa kufunika kwa njira zopangira zachikhalidwe monga kuumba jekeseni. Kusindikiza kwa 3D nakonso kumakonda zachilengedwe. Zimachepetsa zinyalala komanso kufunikira kwa mayendedwe.

3. Kuthekera kwa Ma LED Athunthu Achilengedwe

Ma LED okhala ndi organic (FOLEDs) ndi mtundu wa OLED womwe sufuna zida zilizonse. Mwachitsanzo, zitsulo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wachikhalidwe wa LED. Ma FOLED ali ndi maubwino angapo kuposa ma LED achikhalidwe. Amakhala osinthasintha, opepuka, ndipo amadya mphamvu zochepa kuposa ma LED achikhalidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ma FOLED amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zotsika mtengo komanso zoteteza chilengedwe. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala njira yabwino yopangira matekinoloje okhazikika.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma FOLED ndikwambiri. Zimaphatikizapo zowunikira, zowonetsera, komanso luso lamakono lovala. M'makampani owunikira, ma FOLED ali ndi kuthekera kosintha magetsi achikhalidwe. Itha kusintha mababu a fulorosenti ndi incandescent. Ma FOLED amatha kupangidwa kukhala mapepala owonda, osinthika. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa malo opindika kapena osawoneka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, zowunikira zomanga kapena zamagalimoto.

M'makampani owonetsera, ma FOLED amapereka maubwino angapo kuposa zowonetsera zachikhalidwe za LED. Ma FOLED ndi owonda, opepuka, komanso opanda mphamvu. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa zida zam'manja monga mafoni am'manja ndi mapiritsi. Kuphatikiza apo, zowonetsera za FOLED zimapereka kulondola kwamtundu wabwinoko komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Chifukwa chake, ndiabwino pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri monga ma TV ndi zowunikira zamakompyuta.

FAQs

Kutsiliza

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti teknoloji ya LED ikupitabe. Ndipo pali mwayi woti uwongolere magwiridwe antchito, mtundu wamtundu, komanso kukwanitsa kukwanitsa. Chifukwa cha izi, asayansi ndi mainjiniya nthawi zonse amafunafuna njira zowonjezera ukadaulo wa LED. Iwo akuyesera kuwongolera mphamvu zake.

Monga wogula kapena mwini bizinesi, kumvetsetsa zoyambira zaukadaulo wa LED zitha kupita kutali. Itha kukuthandizani kuti musankhe mwanzeru pankhani yogula zinthu zowunikira. Kuchokera kutentha kwamtundu mpaka lumens, wattage, ndi CRI. Kudziwa mfundozi kungakuthandizeni kupeza njira zowunikira zowunikira za LED.

Chifukwa chake, ma LED ndiukadaulo wochititsa chidwi. Ndi mphamvu zawo zopulumutsa mphamvu, kulimba, komanso kusinthasintha, ma LED ndi teknoloji yowunikira yomwe ili pano kuti ikhalepo.

LEDYi amapanga apamwamba kwambiri Mizere ya LED ndi neon flex ya LED. Zogulitsa zathu zonse zimadutsa m'ma laboratories apamwamba kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili bwino kwambiri. Kupatula apo, timapereka zosankha makonda pamizere yathu ya LED ndi neon flex. Chifukwa chake, pamzere wapamwamba wa LED ndi LED neon flex, kulumikizana ndi LEDYi POSACHEDWA!