Uma izibani zakho ze-LED zingakhanyi ngemva kokufakwa kwezintambo, ungacabangi ukuthi zilimele noma ziphukile. Kunalokho, hlola ukuthi ukukhanya kufakwe endaweni efanele yini. Kodwa yini i-polarity, futhi kungani ibalulekile izibani ze-LED?
I-polarity isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanje ngaphakathi kwesibani se-LED nanoma iyiphi idivayisi kagesi. Ikhonjiswa ngamatheminali amahle (anode) kanye nenegethivu (cathode). Udinga ukugcina ukuvumelana ku-polarity ngenkathi uxhuma izibani ze-LED kumthombo wamandla. I-polarity engalungile izovimbela ukugeleza kwamanje, futhi izibani ngeke zikhanye.
Ingabe ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana ne-polarity yezibani ze-LED? Funda lesi sihloko, futhi uzohlala uhamba kahle ngokufaka ukukhanya kwe-LED. Ngikhulume izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuthola i-polarity yama-LED. Ngakho-ke, kungani ulinda futhi? Ngena engxoxweni-
Usho Ukuthini Nge-polarity Yezibani ze-LED?
Ukugeleza kwamanje ngaphakathi kokukhanya kwe-LED noma i-diode kunesiqondiso esiqondile, esiboniswa yi-polarity yayo. Njenganoma iyiphi enye ingxenye kagesi, ukukhanya kwe-LED kunesiphetho esihle (+) nesinegethivu (-). Isiphetho esihle sibizwa ngokuthi i-anode, kanti isiphetho esinegethivu sibizwa nge-cathode. Ugesi ugeleza usuka ku-anode uye ku-cathode, ubalulekile ekukhanyeni kwe-LED. Lokhu kuqondisa kwaziwa ngokuthi i-polarity yesibani se-LED.
Ungabheka i-polarity njengezigxobo ezimbili zokukhanya kwe-LED, lapho isigxobo esisodwa siqondile (i-anode) kanti enye inegethivu (i-cathode). Kufanele ugcine le polarity ngenkathi ufaka ukukhanya ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukukhanya kuyakhazimula.
Udinga ukuxhuma ukuphela okuhle kokukhanya kwe-LED (i-anode) ekugcineni okuhle komshayeli noma umthombo wamandla kanye nokuphela okungalungile kokukhanya (i-cathode) ekugcineni okungalungile komthombo. Uma i-polarity inganakekelwa, ukukhanya ngeke kukhanye.
Isebenza Kanjani I-polarity Yokukhanya Kwe-LED?
Izibani ze-LED zenziwe ngama-semiconductors lapho i-current igeleza khona. Nokho, indlela yokugeleza kwamanje kwe-semiconductor ihlukile kuleyo yocingo oluvamile. Ku-semiconductor, a Ukuhlangana kwe-PN kudalwe ukungcola kwe-doping. Lokhu kungcola kuhlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili- impahla yohlobo lwe-p kanye ne-n-type material.
Izinto ezisetshenziswa njengokungcola ukudala insada yezimbobo (izithwali zokushaja ezinhle) ku-semiconductor zaziwa ngokuthi. p-uhlobo izinto. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, n-uhlobo lwempahla ibhekisela ezintweni ezihlinzeka ngokudlulele kwama-electron (ama-negative charge carriers). Indawo lapho lezi zinto zohlobo lwe-p kanye nohlobo lwe-n zihlangana khona ibizwa ngokuthi i-PN junction. Iqinisekisa ukuthi ugesi ugeleza ngendlela eyodwa, ivimbe isiqondiso esibuyela emuva.
I-LED ngayinye ineziphetho ezimbili: i-anode (positive) kanye ne-cathode (negative), ehambisana nezifunda zika-p kanye no-n. Uma usuxhuma i-anode kutheminali ephozithivu kanye ne-cathode kutheminali engalungile yomthombo wamandla, owamanje uqala ukugeleza. Njengoba okwamanje kudlula, ama-electron asuka ohlotsheni lwe-n ahamba aye ku-p-type material. Ngokufanayo, izimbobo ezivela ohlotsheni lwe-p zihamba ziye ku-n-type material. Ama-electron ahlangana nezimbobo njengoba ehamba ngaphesheya kwe-PN junction. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kabusha kukhipha amandla ngama-photon, esiwabona njengokukhanya.
QAPHELA: Ama-electron ageleza abheke kolunye uhlangothi lokugeleza kwamanje.
Nokho, umbala wokukhanya uncike kusemiconductor ye-LED. Anamabhendi e-conduction kanye ne-valence kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zika-p kanye no-n. Umehluko phakathi kwalawa mabhendi ubizwa ngokuthi ama-band gaps. Lapho ama-electron ewa esuka ebhendini yokuqhuba eya ebhendini ye-valence phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanganisa kabusha, amandla akhululwa njengokukhanya.
La mandla okukhanya akhishiwe alingana negebe lebhande le-semiconductor. Igebe lebhendi liyahlukahluka kuma-semiconductors ahlukene. Kungakho ama-semiconductors ahlukene asetshenziswa kuma-LED ukuletha imibala ehlukene yokukhanya. Isibonelo, I-Gallium Phosphide (GaP) ikhiqiza ukukhanya okubomvu, okuphuzi, noma okuluhlaza, kuyilapho I-Gallium Nitride (GaN) isetshenziselwa ama-LED aluhlaza namhlophe.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi, funda lesi sihloko: Zisebenza Kanjani Izibani Ze-LED Strip?
Ingabe i-polarity ibalulekile kuma-LED?
Ukugcina i-polarity kubalulekile kuma-LED. I-polarity ehlehlayo izolimaza isekethe, futhi izibani zakho ze-LED ngeke zikhanye. I-LED imele Ama-Diode Akhipha Ukukhanya. Njengawo wonke amanye ama-diode, i-LED ivumela ugesi ukuthi ugeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma usetha ukukhanya ukuze kulandele i-polarity efanele.
Ukuze ukhanyise ama-LED, kufanele ujoyine isiphetho esihle sokukhanya nesiphetho esihle somthombo wamandla. Ngokufanayo, isiphetho esingesihle sokukhanya kufanele sixhunywe ekugcineni okungekuhle komthombo wamandla. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanje ngendlela oyifunayo, okuvumela ama-electron ukuthi ahlangane futhi akhiphe ukukhanya.
Uma i-polarity inganakekelwa, uma uxhuma iphozithivu kuya kwenegethivu noma ngokuphambene nalokho, i-LED izovimba okwamanje. I-PN junction izoba nokugeleza kwamanje okujwayelekile, futhi izibani ngeke zikhanye. Yize ama-LED alimele ngenxa ye-polarity ehlehlayo, lokhu kuzokhinyabeza ukwakheka kwesekethe. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, ukusebenzisa i-voltage ehlehlayo ngale kwesilinganiso sikagesi esibuyela emuva se-LED kungalimaza i-LED.
Ungayithola Kanjani I-polarity yezibani ze-LED?
Ezinye izici ezibonakalayo zezibani ze-LED zizokusiza ukuthi ubone ukuhlukana kwazo. Uma ungakwazi ukuthola, zikhona nezinye izindlela; asixoxe ngazo zonke:
Indlela 1: Hlola Ubude Bokuhola
Uma ubheka i-diode, imilenze emibili noma imikhondo ibonakala. Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ubude bomlenze kalula. Umthofu omude yi-anode (i-positive terminal), futhi emfushane i-cathode (i-negative terminal). Nokho, lena akuyona indlela engenangqondo yokuthola i-polarity. Imilenze kungenzeka ukuthi isikiwe noma yadayiswa ukuze ilingane nokufakwa ngaphandle kwe-LED entsha sha. Kulokhu, ungayibona kanjani i-polarity ye-LED? Landela indlela elandelayo yalokhu.
Indlela yesi-2: Bheka I-Flat Edge ne-Round Side
Gcina iso lakho ku-plastic casing esobala ukuze uthole umphetho oyisicaba noma oyindilinga. Ama-LED anemiphetho eyisicaba eduze komlenze ongemuhle kanye nemiphetho eyindilinga ohlangothini oluphozithivu. Lona umkhondo owusizo wokuthola i-polarity.
Indlela yesi-3: Thola Umehluko Epuletini
Bheka ngokucophelela ngaphakathi kwebhokisi le-LED; zingaba sobala, zibebomvu, zibe luhlaza okotshani, eziphuzi, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njll. Kodwa lezi zisobala kakhulu, ngakho ungabona kalula ngaphakathi. Uzothola amapuleti ensimbi amabili anosayizi abahlukene. Ipuleti elikhulu lixhunywe ku-LED's negative lead, i-cathode. Ipuleti elincane lixhunywe ekuholeni okuhle, i-anode ye-LED. Ngakho-ke, uma ungakwazi ukuwahlukanisa ngokubheka umkhondo/imilenze, sebenzisa le nqubo.
Indlela yesi-4: Sebenzisa i-Multimeter
I-multimeter iyisisetshenziswa sikagesi esisetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwe-diode, i-voltage, yamanje, isilinganiso sokumelana, njll. Inama-probe amabili (okubomvu kokuphozithivu nokumnyama kokunegethivu) nesibonisi sedijithali. Ukuze uthole i-polarity, kufanele usethe i-multimeter kumodi yokuhlola i-diode, ngokuvamile efanekiselwa njengokuthi (▶|–).
QAPHELA: Uma i-multimeter yakho ingenayo imodi ye-diode, ungasebenzisa imodi yokumelana (Ω).
Uma imodi isisethiwe, xhuma i-probe ebomvu kutheminali yokufaka ephozithivu ye-multimeter (evame ukulebula VΩmA noma okufanayo). Ngokufanayo, faka i-probe emnyama kutheminali enegethivu noma evamile ye-multimeter (efakwe ilebula COM).
Hlola i-LED ngokuthinta i-probe ebomvu kwenye i-LED lead kanye ne-black probe kwenye. Ukukhanya kuzokhanya kalufifi uma i-probe ebomvu ixhunywe ku-anode (itheminali eqondile) futhi i-probe emnyama ixhunywe ku-cathode (itheminali enegetive).
Kodwa-ke, uma ukukhanya kungakhanyi, ama-probe awafani ne-polarity efanele. Hlehlisa ama-probe ngokuthinta okubomvu komunye umthofu bese umnyama uye kosele; uzothola ukukhanya kukhanya. Ngale ndlela, ungathola isiphetho esihle nesibi se-LED.
Indlela yesi-5: Sebenzisa Ibhethri Yeseli Yemali
Usebenzisa ibhethri yeselula yemali efana ne-CR2032, ungakwazi ukunquma ngokushesha imilenze ye-LED eqondile nengalungile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubeka imilenze ye-LED kumatheminali webhethri yeselula, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Uma ukukhanya kufiphale, kusho ukuthi umlenze othinta uhlangothi oluphozithivu lwebhethri yi-anode (positive) ye-LED. Futhi umlenze othinta itheminali yebhethri eyinegethivu i-cathode (negative) ye-LED. Uma ingakhanyi, phendula i-LED bese uzama futhi.
Kwenzekani Uma Ufaka Izibani Ze-LED Emuva?
Uma ufaka amalambu e-LED emuva, ukukhanya ngeke kukhanye. Nokho, ngeke kubangele noma yimuphi umonakalo ku-LED. Uma uzama ukuxhumeka okungalungile ngephutha, akukho okuzokwethuka lapho i-voltage iphansi ukuya maphakathi. Kodwa uma ama-LED akho exhunywe kumjikelezo we-voltage ephezulu, uxhumano olungalungile lungalimaza i-LED. Ngakho-ke, uma ngephutha uxhuma izibani ze-LED ngokuhlehla noma emuva, zilungise ASAP.
Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ama-diode ahlehlayo afakiwe kusekethe njengesinyathelo sokuvikela. Ukwehla kwamandla kagesi aya phambili kuyo yonke i-diode ehlehlayo ngokuvamile kuphansi kakhulu (cishe ku-0.7V ku-silicon diode evamile). Le voltage ibuthakathaka kakhulu ukuthi ingalimaza i-diode. Ivikela ngempumelelo i-LED ku-voltage ephezulu ehlehlayo engadlula i-voltage yayo yokuhlehla yokuhlehla.
Ungayibona Kanjani I-polarity Yokukhanya Kwe-LED Strip?
Ukubuka ukumaka kwe-PCB kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokusobala ukugqama komugqa we-LED. Imichilo ye-LED inamaphedi ethusi. Kuphedi yethusi ngayinye, izimpawu zibonisa i-polarity; uzothola '+' kanye '-' izimpawu. Ngokwesibonelo, umhlophe noma Umugqa we-LED wombala owodwa inezimpawu ezinhle nezingezinhle; ungakwazi xhuma umshayeli noma umthombo wamandla kulandela lolu hlelo lwe-polarity.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izokuqondisa futhi ekugcineni i-polarity ngenkathi ukuxhuma imichilo eminingi ye-LED ndawonye.
Kodwa-ke, zonke izinhlobo zemigqa ye-LED azinayo inkomba ye-polarity efanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, amapheshana amhlophe asebenzisekayo ingase ibe namamaki afana no-'C+' no-'W+' esikhundleni sika-'+' kanye no-'-.' Futhi, i I-RGB LED strip ene-anode evamile inesiphetho esisodwa esihle (i-anode) esabelwe ngayo yomithathu imibala (Okubomvu, Okuluhlaza, Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Udinga ukuxhuma itheminali ephozithivu (+) ohlangothini oluphozithivu lomthombo wamandla. Iziteshi zombala ngamunye (R, G, B) zixhunywe phansi (negative) ngesilawuli noma ngokuqondile. Ishadi elingezansi lizokusiza ukuthi usule lo mqondo:
| Ishadi le-LED Strop Polarity | ||||
| Uhlobo lomugqa we-LED | Okuhle (+) | Okubi (-) | Iziteshi ezengeziwe | Umbala Wentambo (Okuvamile) |
| I-Single Color LED Strip | + noma V+ | - noma i-GND | None | Okubomvu (Amandla), Mnyama (Ground) |
| I-Tunable White LED Strip | C+ (Omhlophe Okupholile), W+ (Okumhlophe Okufudumele) | Indawo eyabiwe | None | Kuyahluka (Okumhlophe Okupholile, Okumhlophe Okufudumele) |
| I-RGB LED Strip (I-Common Anode) | + (I-Anode evamile) | R- (Red), G- (Green), B- (Blue) | Iziteshi ngazinye zixhumeka phansi | Okubomvu (Amandla), Okuluhlaza (Ground for G), Blue (Ground for B), Iyahlukahluka (Ground for R) |
| I-RGB LED Strip (I-Common Cathode) | - (I-Common Cathode) | R+ (Red), G+ (Green), B+ (Blue) | Iziteshi ngazinye zixhuma kokuphozithivu | Mnyama (Ephansi), Obomvu (Amandla e-R), Okuluhlaza (Amandla ka-G), Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Amandla ka-B) |
| I-LED Strip enekheli | + (Amandla) | - (Indawo) | DI (Data In), CI (Clock In) (uma kusebenza) | Okubomvu (Amandla), Okumnyama (Iphansi), Kuyahlukahluka (Idatha, Iwashi) |
QAPHELA: Umbala wezintambo kanye nezimpawu ze-polarity zingahluka kumabhrendi noma abakhiqizi abahlukene.
Ngaphandle kokubheka ngokubukeka isiqondiso, ungasebenzisa i-multimeter ukuthola i-polarity yemigqa ye-LED. Setha i-multimeter kumodi yokuqhubeka. Bese, beka ama-multimeter probes kumaphedi ethusi omugqa we-LED. Umsindo webhiphu ovela kudivayisi ukhombisa ukugeleza kwamanje ukuya phambili (okuhle ukuya kokubi nge-LED). Lokhu kuqinisekisa i-polarity efanele.
Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Ezivamile Ze-LED Strip Polarity
Ngenkathi usetha noma ufaka izintambo Izibani ze-strip ze-LED, nazi izindaba ezijwayelekile ongabhekana nazo nge-polarity:
Ubunzima bokuthola uphawu lwe-polarity
Amamaki e-polarity aphrintwa kancane kancane ku-PCB, futhi amanye angase angabi nakho ukumakwa. Lezi zimpawu zingaba zincane kakhulu emigqeni emincane ongase udinge usizo ukuze uyifunde. Uma ungazitholi, sebenzisa isibonakhulu. Uma kungekho amamaki nhlobo, sebenzisa i-multimeter. Amadivayisi e-Thai azobona ngokushesha ukugqama komugqa we-LED.
I-polarity engalungile: Ukukhanya Akukhanyi
Uma uxhuma itheminali enegethivu yesibani se-strip ye-LED ekugcineni kwesiphakeli samandla esinegethivu noma iphozithivu kuya kwephozithivu, ukukhanya ngeke kukhanye. Khipha ukuxhumana futhi ukwenze kabusha nge-polarity efanele.
Ukuxhuma Okuxekethile Okubangela Ukucwayiza
Ngisho noma i-polarity yakho ilungile, ukukhanya kungase kubonise izinkinga ezilokozayo. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa, njengokuxhuma okuxekethile okuvamile. Uma ama-strip e-LED exhunywe kugesi, uma izintambo zixega, i-LED izodlula ezinkingeni ezilokozayo. Ngalokhu, hlola kabusha amalunga futhi uqiniseke ukuthi akulungele ukuxhumana okuqinile.
Izinkinga Zokuhambisana Kwezintambo
Izixhumi zemigqa ye-LED zisetshenziswa lapho kuhlanganiswa umugqa owodwa we-LED komunye noma umane uxhuma imichilo ye-LED emthonjeni wamandla. Konke okuhlukile komugqa we-LED kunesidingo esithile sesixhumi somugqa we-LED. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa umucu we-LED wombala owodwa, udinga isixhumi somugqa we-LED wamaphini angu-2. Uma usebenzisa isixhumi esifanayo somugqa we-RGB LED, ukukhanya ngeke kukhanye ngisho noma ugcina i-polarity. Kulokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa ama-PIN angu-4 izixhumi ze-LED strip.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngezinkinga zama-LED strips, hlola lokhu- Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Ze-LED Strip.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Isiphetho
Ukwazi ukuhleleka kwe-polarity kuyadingeka ekufakeni izintambo noma ukuxhuma noma yiziphi izisetshenziswa zikagesi, okuhlanganisa nezibani ze-LED. Ukuze uqedele isekethe futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukukhanya kuyakhazimula, udinga ukuxhuma itheminali ephozithivu yesibani ekugcineni kanye netheminali eyinegethivu ekugcineni kwesiphakeli samandla. Uma kuyi-LED yembobo edlulayo enamalayini amabili kanye nesivalo sekhanda, umlenze omude ulungile. Lokhu futhi ungakubona ngokulandela uhlangothi oluyisicaba nolunomsindo noma ubukhulu bepuleti, njengoba ngishilo engxoxweni.
Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa ama-LED we-SMD (Surface-Mount Device) njengasemigqeni ye-LED, ungalandela ngokushesha izimpawu ukuze uthole ukugqama. Ama-SMD ahlelwe ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe elinezimpawu ezithi '+' kanye '-' ezikhonjisiwe.
Lawa mamaki azokuqondisa ekuxhumeni ukukhanya kwe-LED kugesi nge-polarity efanele. Kulokhu, ungaya wethu Izibani ze-LEDYi ze-LED. Zonke izinto zethu zinezimpawu ezicacile eziphrintiwe ze-polarity ezinephedi yethusi. Ngakho-ke, ungakwazi ukufaka ukukhanya kalula ngaphandle kosizo lochwepheshe noma isidingo se-multimeter ukuthola i-polarity!
