Kukhona amalambu e-led strip ahlukahlukene emakethe, futhi lezi zibani ze-led strip zivela kubakhiqizi abahlukene. Uma sithenga ama-led strips, singahlulela kanjani ikhwalithi yama-lead strips? Enye yezindlela eziqonde kakhulu ukubuza umkhiqizi we-strip ye-LED "umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-sphere ohlanganisayo". Ngokufunda umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-sphere ohlanganisayo, ungakwazi ngokushesha ukwazi amapharamitha ahlukahlukene womkhiqizo ukuze uhlole ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kuqala. Njengoba umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-sphere ohlanganisayo uqukethe amapharamitha amaningi, abantu abaningi bangase bangawuqondi. Lesi sihloko sizochaza ipharamitha ngayinye embikweni wokuhlolwa kwe-sphere wokuhlanganisa. Ngikholwa ukuthi ngemva kokuyifunda, ungaqonda kalula umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-sphere ngokuzayo. Ngakho ake siqale.
Iyini i-An Integrating Sphere?
An i-sphere ehlanganisayo (eyaziwa nangokuthi i- I-Ulbricht sphere) iyingxenye yokubona ehlanganisa imbobo eyindilinga engenalutho futhi ingaphakathi layo limbozwe ngembongolo ekhanyayo emhlophe, enezimbobo ezincane zokungena nezimbobo zokuphuma. Impahla yayo efanelekile iwumphumela ofanayo wokuhlakazeka noma wokusabalalisa. Isigameko semisebe ekhanyayo kunoma iyiphi indawo endaweni engaphakathi, ngokubonakala okuhlakazeka okuningi, isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke amanye amaphuzu. Imiphumela yendlela yokukhanya yoqobo incishisiwe. Indilinga ehlanganisayo ingase icatshangwe njenge-diffuser egcina amandla kodwa ecekela phansi ulwazi lwendawo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa nomthombo othile wokukhanya kanye nomtshina wokulinganisa amandla okubona. Idivayisi efanayo i-focusing noma i-Coblentz sphere, ehluka ngokuthi inendawo engaphakathi efana nesibuko (specular) kunendawo engaphakathi ehlukanisiwe. Uma ufuna ukwazi imininingwane eyengeziwe, sicela uvakashele i-sphere ehlanganisayo.
Ukuhlanganisa Umbiko Wokuhlola I-Sphere
Isithombe esingezansi umbiko wokuhlola ovela ku-sphere yethu yokuhlanganisa efekthri. Njengoba ubona, umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-sphere ohlanganisayo uhlukaniswe kakhulu waba izingxenye eziyisikhombisa.
- Isihloko
- Ukusabalalisa Amandla E-Spectral Ahlobene
- Ukuvumelana Kombala I-Macadam Ellipse
- Amapharamitha wombala
- Amapharamitha we-Photometric
- Isimo Sensimbi
- Unyaweni
1. Unhlokweni
Unhlokweni unolwazi lomkhiqizo kanye nemodeli ye-sphere ehlanganisayo. Uhlobo lomkhakha wokuhlanganisa wenkampani yethu ngu-EVERFINE, futhi imodeli yi-HAAS-1200. EVERFINE I-Corporation (Ikhodi Yesitokwe: 300306) ingumnikezeli ochwepheshe wensimbi yokulinganisa ye-photoelectrical (i-optical, ugesi, i-opto-electronical) nesevisi yokulinganisa, futhi ehola emkhakheni we-LED nethuluzi lokulinganisa lokukhanyisa. I-EVERFINE iyibhizinisi Likazwelonke ElineSitifiketi Esiphezulu Sobuchwepheshe, Ilungu Elisekelayo le-CIE, I-ISO9001 Firm Registered, Government Certificated Software Enterprise & Software Product Enterprise, futhi ingumnikazi Wesikhungo Sezifundazwe Esisezingeni eliphezulu se-R&D, kanye ne-NVLAP egunyaziwe Lab (Lab code 500074-0 ) kanye ne-CNAS egunyaziwe Lab (Ikhodi yelebhu L5831). Ngo-2013 nango-2014, i-EVERFINE yahlulelwa ngabakwaForbes njengezinkampani ezisohlwini olunamandla kakhulu e-China.
2. I-Relative Spectral Power Distribution
Ku-radiometry, i-photometry, nesayensi yombala, a ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-spectral (SPD) ukulinganisa kuchaza amandla endaweni yeyunithi ngayinye ngeyunithi ubude begagasi bokukhanya (i-radiant exitance). Ngokuvamile, igama elithi ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-spectral lingabhekisela ekugxiliseni, njengomsebenzi we-wavelength, wanoma yiliphi inani le-radiometric noma i-photometric (isb. amandla akhazimulayo, ukugeleza okukhazimulayo, ukushuba okukhazimulayo, ukukhazimula, ukukhanya, ukukhanya, ukugqama, umsakazo, ukukhanya, ukuguquguquka okukhanyayo. , umfutho okhanyayo, ukukhanya, ukuphuma kokukhanya).
Ukusabalalisa Amandla E-Spectral Ahlobene
Isilinganiso sokugxiliswa kwe-spectral (i-irradiance noma ukuphuma) kubude obunikeziwe be-wavelength ekugxilweni kwe-wavelength yereferensi inikeza i-SPD ehlobene. Lokhu kungabhalwa ngokuthi:
Isibonelo, ukukhanya kwezinto ezikhanyayo neminye imithombo yokukhanya kusingathwa ngokwehlukana, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-spectral kungase kujwayeleke ngandlela thize, ngokuvamile kube ubunye kuma-nanometer angu-555 noma angu-560, okuhambisana nomsebenzi wokukhanya kweso.
3. Ukuvumelana Kombala I-Macadam Ellipse
Ukuvumelana kombala kuhlolwa ngokwemibandela ye MacAdam ellipses, echazwe ngeminyaka yawo-1930 ngu-David MacAdam nabanye ukumela isifunda kumdwebo we-chromaticity oqukethe yonke imibala engabonakali ngeso lomuntu elivamile kusukela embala ophakathi nendawo ku-ellipse.
Ukuhlolwa kukaMacAdam kuncike ekubonweni okubonakalayo kwalokho okubizwa nge-Just Noticeable Color Difference (JND) phakathi kwezibani ezimbili ezinemibala efanayo. Umehluko Obonakalayo Nje uchazwa njengomehluko wombala lapho u-50% wezibukeli ebona khona umehluko futhi u-50% wezibukeli awuwuboni umehluko. Izindawo ezinokuchezuka okujwayelekile kokumataniswa kombala (i-SDCM), zitholwe ziyi-elliptical esikhaleni sombala se-CIE 1931 2 deg. Usayizi nokuma kwama-ellipse kwahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngendawo ekumdwebo wesikhala sombala. Izindawo zazibhekwa njengezinkulu ngokuluhlaza futhi ezincane ngokubomvu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngenxa yemvelo eguquguqukayo yombala okhiqizwe ama-LED akhanyayo amhlophe, imethrikhi elula yokuveza ubukhulu bomehluko wombala phakathi kwenqwaba (noma umgqomo) noma ama-LED inombolo yezinyathelo ezi-ellipses ze-SDCM (MacAdam) esikhaleni sombala we-CIE ama-LED awela kuwo. Uma izixhumanisi ze-chromaticity zesethi yama-LED zonke ziwela ngaphakathi kuka-3 SDCM (noma "izinyathelo ezi-3 ze-MacAdam ellipse"), abantu abaningi bazohluleka ukubona noma yimuphi umehluko wombala. Uma ukuhluka kombala kufana nokuthi ukuhluka kwe-chromaticity kudlulele ku-5 SDCM noma i-ellipse ye-MacAdam enezinyathelo ezi-5, uzoqala ukubona umehluko wombala. Ungabona ukuvumelana kombala kungu-1.6SDCM kusuka embikweni wokuhlola. Futhi kukhona “x=0.440 y=0.403 F3000” ngezansi, kusho ukuthi indawo emaphakathi ye-ellipse ithi “x=0.440 y=0.403”.
Ukubekezelela Umbala Isigaba Esijwayelekile Esijwayelekile
Njengamanje, izindinganiso eziyinhloko zokubekezelela umbala emakethe amazinga e-ANSI aseNyakatho Melika, amazinga e-European Union IEC, kanye namaphuzu esikhungo sokubekezelela imibala afingqiwe kanje:
Ububanzi be-CCT obuhambisana nokubekezelelana kombala
3-SDCM Schematic diagram eqhathanisa izinga le-IEC kanye ne-ANSI standard
4. Amapharamitha ombala
Isigaba samapharamitha ombala ikakhulukazi siqukethe i-Chromaticity Coordinate, CCT, Dominant Wavelength, Peak Wavelength, Purity, Ratio, FWHM, kanye ne-Render Index(Ra, AvgR, TM30:Rf, TM30:Rg).
I-Chromaticity Coordinate
The CIE 1931 izikhala zombala ziyizixhumanisi zokuqala ezichaziwe zobuningi phakathi kokusabalalisa kwamaza wamaza kumagnetic i-spectrum ebonakalayo, kanye nemibala ebonwa ngokomzimba kumuntu umbono wombala. Ubudlelwano bezibalo obuchaza lokhu izikhala zemibala zingamathuluzi abalulekile ukuphathwa kwemibala, okubalulekile lapho usebenzisana noyinki onemibala, izibonisi ezikhanyayo, namadivayisi okurekhoda njengamakhamera edijithali. Uhlelo lwaklanywa ngo-1931 ngu "I-Commission Internationale de l'éclairage", eyaziwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi Ikhomishini Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokukhanyisa.
The I-CIE 1931 RGB isikhala sombala futhi I-CIE 1931 XYZ isikhala sombala zidalwe yi- Ikhomishini Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokukhanyisa (CIE) ngo-1931.[1][2] Zavela ochungechungeni lwezilingo ezenziwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1920 nguWilliam David Wright esebenzisa izibukeli eziyishumi.[3] kanye noJohn Guild esebenzisa izibukeli eziyisikhombisa.[4] Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ihlanganiswe ekucacisweni kwesikhala sombala se-CIE RGB, okutholwe kuso isikhala sombala we-CIE XYZ.
Izikhala zemibala zeCIE 1931 zisasetshenziswa kabanzi, njengoba kwenzeka ngo-1976 I-CIELUV isikhala sombala.
Kumodeli yeCIE 1931, Y iyona ukukhanyisela, Z ilingana nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (kwe-CIE RGB), futhi X iyingxube yamajika amathathu e-CIE RGB akhethwe ukuthi angabi negetive (bona § Incazelo yesikhala sombala we-CIE XYZ). Ukusetha Y njengoba ukukhanya kunomphumela owusizo wokuthi kunoma yikuphi okunikeziwe Y inani, indiza ye-XZ izoqukatha konke okungenzeka ama-chromaticities kulokho kukhanya.
In i-colorimetry, lo I-CIE 1976 L*, u*, v* isikhala sombala, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngesifinyezo salo I-CIELUV, i isikhala sombala eyamukelwe yi- Ikhomishini Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokukhanyisa (CIE) ngo-1976, njengendlela elula yokwenza uguquko lwe-1931. Isikhala sombala we-CIE XYZ, kodwa owazama ukufana komqondo. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezifana nezithombe zekhompuyutha eziphathelene nezibani ezinemibala. Nakuba izingxube ezingeziwe zezibani ezinemibala ehlukene zizowela kulayini kumfaniswano we-CIELUV umdwebo we-chromaticity (ebizwa ngokuthi I-CIE 1976 UCS), izingxube ezinjalo ezingeziwe ngeke, ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ziwele emgqeni esikhaleni sombala we-CIELUV ngaphandle uma izingxube zingashintshi. ukukhanya.
I-CCT
Izinga lokushisa lombala (Correlated Color Temperature, noma CCT, in lighting tech jargon) empeleni iyigeji yokuthi umbala wokukhanya ophuma kusibani uvela ophuzi noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanjani. Ikalwa kuyunithi ye-Kelvin futhi ivame ukutholakala phakathi kuka-2200 Kelvin degrees kanye no-6500 Kelvin degrees.
Duv
Yini i-Duv?
I-Duv iyimethrikhi efushanisiwe yokuthi “Delta u,v” (akumele kudidaniswe ne-Delta u',v') futhi ichaza ibanga lephoyinti lombala okhanyayo ukusuka kwijika lomzimba omnyama.
Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nenani lokushisa lombala elihlobene (CCT) ekuchazeni ukuthi useduze kangakanani nejika lomzimba omnyama (“okumhlophe okumsulwa”) umthombo othile wokukhanya.
Inani elingaphansi libonisa ukuthi iphoyinti lombala lingaphansi kwejika lomzimba omnyama (i-magenta noma ephinki) futhi inani eliphozithivu libonisa iphoyinti elingaphezu kwejika lomzimba omnyama (oluhlaza noma ophuzi).
Inani eliphozithivu kakhudlwana libonisa iphoyinti elingaphezulu kakhulu kwejika lomzimba omnyama, kuyilapho inani elingaphezu kwenegethivu libonisa iphoyinti elingaphansi kwejika lomzimba omnyama.
Ngamafuphi, i-Duv inikeza kalula kokubili ubukhulu nolwazi lwesiqondiso mayelana nebanga lephoyinti lombala ukusuka kwijika lomzimba omnyama.
Kungani iDuv ibalulekile?
I-Duv iyimethrikhi ebalulekile noma nini lapho kuxoxwa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zokukhanyisa ezizwelayo ezinemibala, njengefilimu nokuthatha izithombe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-CCT iyodwa inikeza ulwazi olwanele mayelana nombala oqondile.
Emfanekisweni ongezansi, uzothola imigqa ye-iso-CCT yamanani ahlukahlukene e-CCT. Imigqa ye-Iso-CCT ichaza amaphuzu inani lawo le-CCT elifanayo.
Ku-3500K, uzobona umugqa unwebeka usuka kumbala ophuzi endaweni engenhla kwejika lomzimba omnyama (inani elikhulu le-Duv), kuyilapho uzoshintshela kumbala ophinki/magenta njengoba wehla ngomugqa ofanayo we-3500K iso-CCT ngezansi ijika lomzimba omnyama (inani eliphansi, elinegethivu le-Duv).
Ngamanye amazwi, uma isibani sinenani le-CCT elingu-3500K, empeleni, lingaba noma yikuphi kulo mugqa we-iso-CCT.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukube besinikezwe ulwazi lokuthi isibani sinenani le-CCT elingu-3500K kanye ne-Duv = 0.001, lokhu bekuzosinika ulwazi olwanele ukuze sazi ukuthi lihambisana nolayini we-3500K iso-CCT, ngaphezu kancane kwejika lomzimba omnyama. . Uma futhi kuphela uma womabili amanani e-Duv ne-CCT enikeziwe, iphoyinti lombala eliqondile lingakhonjwa.
I-Wavelength Ebusayo
Kwisayensi yombala, i ubude begagasi obubusayo (kanye nobude obuhambisanayo obuhambisanayo) kuyizindlela zokuveza noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yokukhanya ngokuya ngokukhanya kwe-spectral okuyi-monochromatic eveza umbono ofanayo (nophambene ohambisanayo) we-hue. Enhlanganisela yokukhanya ebonakalayo enikeziwe, amaza amaza abusayo nahambisanayo awagxili ngokuphelele, kodwa ayahluka ngokuya ngombala onembile wokukhanya okukhanyisayo, obizwa ngokuthi iphoyinti elimhlophe, ngenxa yokungaguquguquki kombala wokubona.
I-Peak Wavelength
I-Peak Wavelength – Ubude begagasi obuphakeme buchazwa njengobude obubodwa lapho i-spectrum yokukhishwa kwe-radiometric yomthombo wokukhanya ifinyelela ubukhulu bayo. Kalula nje, ayimeli noma yikuphi ukukhishwa okucatshangelwayo komthombo wokukhanya ngeso lomuntu, kodwa kunalokho imele izithonjana zezithombe.
Ukuhlanzeka
Ukuhlanzeka kombala yizinga umbala ofana ngalo nombala wawo. Umbala ongazange uhlanganiswe nomhlophe noma omnyama uthathwa njengomsulwa. Ukuhlanzeka kombala kuwumqondo owusizo uma uhlanganisa imibala njengoba ufuna ukuqala ngombala ohlanzekile ngoba lokhu kunamandla amaningi okudala amathoni ahlukene, ama-shades nama-tints.
lokubiza
Isilinganiso sisho isilinganiso sokubomvu, okuluhlaza okotshani nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekukhanyeni okuxubile.
I-FWHM
Ekusabalaliseni, ububanzi obugcwele kuhhafu womkhawulo (FWHM) umehluko phakathi kwamanani amabili okuguquguquka okuzimele lapho okuhlukile okuncikile kufana nengxenye yenani eliphezulu. Ngamanye amazwi, ububanzi bejika le-spectrum likalwa phakathi kwalawo maphuzu ku-axis ka-y anguhhafu wobukhulu obukhulu. Ububanzi obuyingxenye kuhhafu wobukhulu (HWHM) buwuhhafu we-FWHM uma umsebenzi unokulinganisa.
I-CRI
A inkomba yokunikeza umbala (I-CRI) isilinganiso somthamo wekhono lomthombo wokukhanya ukuze liveze imibala yezinto ezihlukahlukene ngokwethembeka uma kuqhathaniswa nomthombo wokukhanya wemvelo noma ojwayelekile.
Ikalwa kanjani i-CRI?
Indlela yokubala i-CRI ifana kakhulu nesibonelo sokuhlola okubukwayo esinikezwe ngenhla, kodwa yenziwa ngezibalo ze-algorithmic uma i-spectrum yomthombo wokukhanya okukhulunywa ngayo isikaliwe.
Izinga lokushisa lombala lomthombo wokukhanya okukhulunywa ngawo kufanele kuqala linqunywe. Lokhu kungabalwa ngezilinganiso ze-spectral.
Izinga lokushisa lombala lomthombo wokukhanya kufanele linqunywe ukuze sikwazi ukukhetha i-spectrum yokukhanya kwemini efanele esizoyisebenzisela ukuqhathanisa.
Bese, umthombo wokukhanya okukhulunywa ngawo uzokhanyiswa ochungechungeni lwama-swatches ombala obonakalayo abizwa ngokuthi amasampula ombala wokuhlola (TCS) ngombala obonisiwe ukalwe.
Kukhona ingqikithi ye-swatches yemibala engu-15:
Sizophinde silungiselele uchungechunge lwezilinganiso zombala ezibonisiwe ezibonakalayo zokukhanya kwemvelo kwethempelesha yombala ofanayo. Okokugcina, siqhathanisa imibala ebonisiwe futhi sinqume ngefomula isikolo esithi “R” sombala ngamunye we-swatch.
Inani elingu-R lombala othile libonisa amandla omthombo wokukhanya ukuze anikeze ngokwethembeka lowo mbala othile. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ubonise amandla okunikeza umbala wonke womthombo wokukhanya kumibalabala ehlukahlukene, ifomula ye-CRI ithatha isilinganiso samanani angu-R.
I-Ra iyisilinganiso sika-R1-R8.
I-AvgR iyisilinganiso sika-R1-R15.
I-TM30
I-TM30 iyimethrikhi yekhwalithi entsha esanda kwamukelwa yi-IES ukuze yengezele futhi ekugcineni ithathele indawo ye-CRI (CIE) Metric endala yokulinganisa ukwethembeka komthombo wokukhanya.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-TM30
- I-Rf okuyimethrikhi efanayo nezinga le-CRI (Ra) elikala ukunikezwa kombala ngokusekelwe ekuqhathaniseni iphalethi yombala yemibala engu-99 (i-CRI yayino-9 kuphela)
- I-Rg ekala ukushintshwa kwe-gamut okumaphakathi (imibala/ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala) komthombo
- Isethulo esiyisithombe se-Rg esizomela ngokubonakalayo ukuthi yimiphi imibala ehlanjululwayo noma ecace kakhulu ngenxa yomthombo wokukhanya
Ukuze uthole imininingwane, ungalanda i-PDF "Ukulinganisa Ukukhishwa Kombala Ngokusebenzisa i-IES TM-30-15".
5. Imingcele ye-Photometric
I-Luminous Flux(Flux)
Ku-photometry, ukukhanya okukhanyayo noma amandla okukhanya ayisilinganiso samandla okukhanya abonwayo. Ihluka ekukhanyeni okukhazimulayo, isilinganiso samandla aphelele emisebe kagesi (okuhlanganisa i-infrared, i-ultraviolet, nokukhanya okubonakalayo), kulokho ukugeleza okukhanyayo kulungiswa ukuze kubonise ukuzwela okuhlukahlukene kweso lomuntu kuya kumaza okukhanya ahlukene.
Iyunithi ye-SI ye-flux ekhanyayo yi-lumen (lm). Kuze kube umhla ziyi-19 Meyi 2019, i-lumen eyodwa ibichazwa njengokugeleza kokukhanya okukhanyayo okukhiqizwa umthombo wokukhanya okhipha ikhandlela elilodwa lokuqina okukhanyayo phezu kwe-engeli eqinile ye-sterradian eyodwa. Kusukela zingama-20 kuNhlaba wezi-2019, i-lumen ichazwe ngokulungisa ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo kwemisebe ye-monochromatic ye-frequency 540 × 1012 Hz (ukukhanya okuluhlaza okunobude obungamaza obungu-555 nm) ukuze kube ngu-683 lm/W. Ngakho umthombo we-lumen ongu-1 ukhipha i-1/683 W noma i-1.146mW.
Kwezinye izinhlelo zamayunithi, i-flux ekhanyayo ingaba namayunithi amandla.
I-flux ekhanyayo ihlanganisa ukuzwela kweso ngokukala amandla kubude begagasi ngalinye ngomsebenzi wokukhanya, omele impendulo yeso kumaza ahlukene. I-flux ekhanyayo iyisamba esinesisindo samandla kuwo wonke ubude bamaza ebhendini ebonakalayo. Ukukhanya ngaphandle kwebhendi ebonakalayo akunikeleli.
Ukusebenza Okukhanyayo(Eff.)
Ukusebenza okukhanyayo iyisilinganiso sokuthi umthombo wokukhanya ukukhiqiza kahle kangakanani ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Kuyisilinganiso se ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuya amandla, kulinganiswe ngo- ukhanyisa ngayinye watt ku Isistimu Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yamayunithi (SI). Kuye ngomongo, amandla angaba yi- i-radiant flux kokuphuma komthombo, noma kungaba amandla aphelele (amandla kagesi, amandla amakhemikhali, noma amanye) adliwe umthombo.[1][2][3] Imuphi umqondo waleli gama ohlosiwe kufanele ngokuvamile uthathwe engqikithini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi awucacile. Umqondo wangaphambili ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza okukhanyayo kwemisebe,[4] kanye neyakamuva ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo komthombo wokukhanya[5] or ukusebenza kahle okukhanyayo okuphelele.[6][7]
I-Radiant Flux(Fe)
In i-radiometry, i-radiant flux or amandla akhazimulayo iyona amandla akhazimulayo kukhiqizwe, kuboniswe, kudluliswe, noma kutholwe ngesikhathi seyunithi ngayinye, futhi i-spectral flux or amandla e-spectral ukugeleza okukhazimulayo ngeyunithi ngayinye imvamisa or ubude bamaza, kuya ngokuthi ngabe I-spectrum kuthathwa njengomsebenzi wefrikhwensi noma we-wavelength. I Iyunithi le-SI ukugeleza okukhazimulayo yi- watt (W), eyodwa joule ngomzuzwana (J/s), kuyilapho lokho kokugeleza kwe-spectral kumafrikhwensi kuyi-watt ngayinye I-hertz (W/Hz) kanye ne-spectral flux kubude begagasi yi-watt imitha ngayinye (W/m)—imvamisa i-watt nanometer ngayinye (W/nm).
5. Amapharamitha kagesi
Voltage (V)
I-voltage, umehluko ongase ube khona kagesi, ingcindezi kagesi noma amandla kagesi umehluko wamandla kagesi phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili, okuthi (ensimu kagesi engashintshi) kuchazwe njengomsebenzi odingekayo ngeyunithi ngayinye yokushaja ukuhambisa ishaja yokuhlola phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili. Ku-International System of Units, iyunithi esuselwe ku-voltage (umehluko ongase ube khona) ibizwa ngokuthi i-volt. Amalambu ethu e-LED strip ngokuvamile angu-24V noma angu-12V.
I-Electric Current(I)
An okwamanje kagesi iwuchungechunge lwezinhlayiya ezishajiwe, njengama-electron noma ama-ion, ezihamba ngekhondatha kagesi noma isikhala. Ikalwa njengenani eliphelele lokugeleza kweshaje kagesi endaweni noma kuvolumu yokulawula. Izinhlayiya ezihambayo zibizwa ngokuthi i-charge carriers, okungenzeka kube enye yezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlayiya, kuye ngokuthi umqhubi. Kumasekhethi kagesi izithwali zokushaja ngokuvamile ama-electron ahamba ngocingo. Kuma-semiconductors angaba ama-electron noma izimbobo. Ku-electrolyte izithwali zokushaja ziyi-ion, kuyilapho ku-plasma, igesi ionized, ama-ion nama-electron.
Iyunithi ye-SI yamanje kagesi i-ampere, noma i-amp, okuwukugeleza kweshaje kagesi endaweni ethile ngenani le-coulomb eyodwa ngomzuzwana. I-ampere (uphawu: A) iyiyunithi eyisisekelo ye-SI. Amandla kagesi akalwa kusetshenziswa idivayisi ebizwa ngokuthi i-ammeter.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla(P)
Ebunjiniyela bukagesi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kubhekisela kumandla kagesi ngesikhathi seyunithi ngayinye, ahlinzekwa ukuze kusetshenziswe okuthile, njengesisetshenziswa sasekhaya. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokuvamile kukalwa ngamayunithi wama-watts (W) noma ama-kilowatts (kW).
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kulingana ne-voltage ephindaphindwa ngamanje.
Isici samandla(PF)
In ubuchwepheshe kagesi, lo amandla i Amandla we-AC isistimu ichazwa ngokuthi i Isilinganiso we amandla langempela amuncwa yi Ukulayisha kuya amandla abonakalayo egeleza kumjikelezo, futhi iyi-a inombolo engenasici ku isikhawu esivaliwe kokungu- -1 ukuya koku-1. Isici samandla esingaphansi kweyodwa sibonisa amandla kagesi kanye namanje awekho esigabeni, okwehlisa isilinganiso. umkhiqizo kokubili. Amandla wangempela awumkhiqizo osheshayo we-voltage kanye namanje futhi amele umthamo kagesi wokwenza umsebenzi. Amandla abonakalayo awumkhiqizo we I-RMS yamanje kanye ne-voltage. Ngenxa yamandla agcinwe emthwalweni futhi abuyiselwe emthonjeni, noma ngenxa yomthwalo ongewona umugqa ohlanekezela umumo wegagasi wamanje othathwe emthonjeni, amandla abonakalayo angase abe makhulu kunamandla wangempela. Isici samandla esinegethivu senzeka lapho idivayisi (okuvame ukulayishwa) ikhiqiza amandla, abese egeleza abuyele emthonjeni.
Kusistimu yamandla kagesi, umthwalo onesici samandla aphansi udonsa amandla amaningi kunomthwalo onesici samandla aphezulu ngenani elifanayo lamandla awusizo adlulisiwe. Amagagasi aphezulu akhulisa amandla alahlekile ohlelweni lokusabalalisa futhi adinga izintambo ezinkulu nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Ngenxa yezindleko zemishini emikhulu namandla amoshayo, izinsiza zikagesi ngokuvamile zizokhokhisa izindleko eziphakeme kumakhasimende ezimboni noma ezentengiselwano lapho kunesici samandla aphansi.
Kodwa embikweni wokuhlola ohlanganisayo we-sphere, njengoba i-led strip yethu iyi-DC12V noma i-DC24V led strip, i-PF ihlala ingu-1.
I-LEVEL
Ipharamitha engu-LEVEL ihlala OUT. Ngakho siyakuziba.
WHITE
OKUMHLOPHE kusho ukuthi iliphi izinga Lokubekezelela Umbala esilikhethile.
6. Isimo Sensimbi
Okubalulekile T kusho isikhathi sokuhlanganisa.
Ip ibhekisela ku-photoelectric saturation; ihlobene nobude besikhathi sokuhlanganisa esikhethiwe phakathi nokuhlolwa, futhi ukukhetha (isikhathi sokuhlanganiswa okuzenzakalelayo) IP kufanele ibe nkulu kuno-30%, okuyisimo esifanele. Uma isikhathi sokuhlanganisa sikhethwa ukuthi sibe amasekhondi angu-100, i-IP izoba ngaphansi kuka-30%, isikhathi sokuhlola sizoshesha, futhi amanye amapharamitha we-optoelectronic ngeke athinteke.
Unyaweni unolwazi olwengeziwe njengeGama Lemodeli, Inombolo, Umhloli, Idethi Yokuhlola, Izinga lokushisa, Umswakamo, Umkhiqizi, Namazwana.
Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, ngikholelwa ukuthi ungakwazi ukufunda kalula yonke imingcele yombiko wokuhlolwa kwe-sphere. Uma unemibuzo, sicela ushiye amazwana noma uthumele imilayezo ngefomu elikuwebhusayithi. Ngiyabonga.
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda indlela yokufunda i-Integrating Sphere Test Report kubalulekile kunoma ubani ohilelekile ekukhanyeni. Ngokugxila kumapharamitha angukhiye afana nokuguquguquka okukhanyayo, inkomba yokunikeza umbala, nezinga lokushisa lombala, umuntu angenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthi yimuphi umthombo wokukhanya okufanele awusebenzise. Umbiko ungasiza futhi ukukhomba noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngomthombo wokukhanya, okuvumela izixazululo zokukhanyisa ezingcono nezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
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