Ukukhanya kwe-LED kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo, ukuqina, kunye nobomi obude. Enye yezona zinto zikhohlisayo malunga nokusebenzisa ii-LED kukulawula ukukhanya kwazo. Apha, ukufiphala kwe-PWM kufanelekile. ulawulo lwe-LEDs PWM dimming yindlela yokulawula ukukhanya kwe-LED ngokuguqula ububanzi be-pulse yombane wangoku. Ukufiphala kwe-PWM kuya kuthandeka ngakumbi nangakumbi njengendlela esebenzayo nesebenzayo yokulawula izibane ze-LED.
Yintoni ukufiphala kwe-PWM?
Isakhono se-PWM sokulawula iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo kwicandelo ngalinye lezobuchwephesha ubukhulu becala bunoxanduva lokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino lwale mihla lombane. Iimpawu ze-PWM zisetyenziselwa ukufiphalisa ii-LED, ukulawula iinjini, kunye nokuqhuba i-assortment yezixhobo zombane ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, yintoni ukusebenza kwendlela yokusebenza ye-PWM?
PWM yindlela yokunciphisa umndilili wamandla ahanjiswayo ophawu lombane. Ukongezelela, inkqubo igqitywe ngokuhlula ngempumelelo isignali kwiindawo zayo. Ngokumalunga nokusebenza, ukutshintshela phakathi komthwalo kunye nomthombo kunokuvulwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kucinywe ukulawula umyinge wangoku kunye nombane onikezelwe kumthwalo.
Ngokutshintsha ubungakanani bexesha umqondiso uphezulu (ON) okanye uphantsi (OFF), i-PWM ivumela uluhlu olubanzi lokukhanya (OFF). Ngokuchaseneyo nokuncipha kwe-analog, eyenza mnyama ii-LED ngokutshintsha amandla aphumayo, isignali ye-PWM inokuthi i-ON okanye IVIKE nangaliphi na ixesha, oku kuthetha ukuba ii-LED ziya kufumana amandla ombane apheleleyo okanye akukho mbane (okt, ukubonelela nge-10V endaweni ye-12V ukuya guqula ukuqaqamba).
Yintoni ukuNcitshiswa rhoqo kwangoku (CCR)?
The ukunciphisa okuqhubekayo kwangoku ubuchule bubonelela ngokuhamba kwangoku okuzinzileyo kwi-LED (CCR). Ngokwahlukileyo kwindlela ye-PWM, apho i-LED iguquguquka phakathi kokuvula kunye nokucima, i-LED ihlala ivuliwe. Nangona kunjalo, unokulawula ukukhanya kwe-LED ngokulungelelanisa okanye ukutshintsha amanqanaba angoku usebenzisa iCCR.
Izinto eziluncedo zeCCR Dimming Method:
- Ilungele usetyenziso olukude olufuna ubude bocingo olude kunye neenkcukacha ezingqongqo ze-EMI.
- Abaqhubi be-CCR banezithintelo zombane ophezulu wemveliso (60 V) kunabaqhubi be-PWM (24.8 V). Ezi nkcukacha zisebenza kubaqhubi beKlasi 2 abaqinisekisiweyo nge-UL ukuze basetyenziswe kwiindawo ezifumileyo nezomileyo.
Ububi beNdlela yokuDima yeCCR:
- Ukuveliswa kokukhanya okungahambelaniyo kwee-LEDs kwimisinga ephantsi kakhulu kwenza indlela yeCCR ingafanelekanga kusetyenziso olufuna ukufiphala ngaphantsi kwe-10% yokukhanya okuphezulu. Ukuqukumbela, ukusebenza kwe-LED okuveliswe yile ndlela kula manqanaba akhoyo kuphantsi.
- Ukuqhuba okuphantsi kwangoku kukhokelela kwi-hue engahambelaniyo.
I-PWM njengoMqondiso oMnyama
Masandise kulwazi lwethu lwangoku lokumodareyitha kobubanzi be-pulse. Ngoku, i-PWM kufuneka yamkelwe njengophawu.
Iimpawu zokumodareyitha kobubanzi be-Pulse ziquka ulandelelwano lwe-square-wave-shaped pulses (PWM). Kukho iincopho kunye neentlambo kuhlobo lwamaza ophawu ngalunye. I-on-time kuxa amandla omqondiso aphezulu, ngelixa ixesha lokungabikho kuxa amandla omqondiso ephantsi.
Isekile yomsebenzi
Umjikelo womsebenzi kuxa isiginali inokuhlala iphezulu kwingqikelelo yobumnyama. Ngenxa yoko, umqondiso unomjikelezo we-100% ukuba uhlala uvuliwe. Isiginali ye-PWM yangexesha inokulungiswa. Xa umjikelo womsebenzi we-PWM umiselwe kwi-50%, isignali iqhuba i-50% yexesha kunye ne-50% isaphulelo.
Ubuninzi
I-pulse width modulation (PWM) isignali yobuninzi bexesha lelinye icandelo elibalulekileyo. I-frequency ye-PWM inquma ukuba ixesha likhawuleza kangakanani-ixesha elithathayo ukuze umqondiso uvule kwaye uvale-ugqitywe ngumqondiso we-PWM.
I-PWM njengeMphumo yoMqhubi we-LED
Xa isignali ye-PWM iguqulelwa kumbane we-DC kwaye isetyenziswe njenge- Umqhubi we-LED imveliso, ukumodareyitha kobubanzi bokubetha kwenzeka. Isekethe yemveliso ye-PWM inqumla imisinga ye-DC LED phakathi kwamazwe avuliweyo kunye nokucima kwi-frequency ephezulu. Ke, i-flicker ebangela utshintsho kwimveliso yokukhanya kwe-LED ayibonakali emehlweni abantu.
Abantu bahlala bebhidanisa izinto ezimbalwa malunga nomahluko phakathi kwemveliso ye-PWM kunye nomqondiso obumnyama. Ngoko ke makhe siqwalasele izinto ezimbalwa.
Umatshini uvelisa isignali ye-PWM njengomqondiso wedijithali, okwenza ukuba ihambelane kwintambo ecimayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, umqhubi umisela imveliso yangoku ngokubona umjikelo womsebenzi we-PWM.
PWM Dimming Abaqhubi kwiMarike
Abaqhubi be-PWM dimming baya bebaluleka ngakumbi kwizibane ze-LED. Nangona kunjalo, kuyafuneka ukwazi ukuba i-PWM dimming abaqhubi banokuqondwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, kwaye masifumanise ukuba bayintoni na.
Ukufiphala kwePWM okungeyonyani
Injongo yendlela yokwenyani yobumnyama kukuguqula amagalelo e-PWM ibe sisiginali yolawulo lwe-analog. Isihluzi se-resistor-capacitor (RC) sihlala ngaphakathi komqhubi.
Isihluzi se-RC siguqula isignali ye-PWM kwi-voltage ye-DC elinganayo ngokusekelwe kumjikelo womsebenzi. I-Fake PWM dimming inenzuzo yokungabina ngxolo, kwaye akukho ngxolo kwimveliso ngenxa yokuba i-LED yangoku iyaqhubeka.
Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela iyingxaki kuba ukuchaneka kumbi ukuba ixabiso lencopho ye-PWM lingaphantsi kwe-10V. Ngaphezu koko, ixabiso le-resistor-capacitor (RC) linciphisa ukuphindaphinda kwesignali ye-PWM.
I-PWM yokwenyani iDimming
Kwi-PWM yokwenyani yobumnyama, imisinga ye-LED ivula kwaye icime kwi-frequency kunye nomjikelo womsebenzi ochaziweyo. Ubukho be-MCU okanye i-microcontroller kumqhubi yenza ukuba isignali ye-PWM ibone amandla ombane aphezulu. Ukufiphala kwe-PWM yokwenyani kuxhasa uluhlu olubanzi lwee-frequencies ze-PWM.
Olona phawu lubalulekileyo lwe-PWM dimming kukukwazi ukugcina indawo emhlophe yemveliso ye-LED. Ukongeza, inqanaba lombane elinyusiweyo lereferensi elingaphezulu kweempazamo ze-offset livumelekile.
Isoftware yophuhliso lomqhubi ifuna abasebenzisi ukuba bakhethe imowudi yobumnyama ye-PWM.
Ukutshintsha uMjikelo woMsebenzi (ukukhanya) Nge-PWM
Ngelixa unikezelo lucinyiwe kwaye LUVAMILE ngokukhawuleza kusetyenziswa ukumodareyitha kobubanzi be-pulse, ii-LED azigungqi. Umjikelo woMsebenzi ligama elisetyenziswa ukuchaza umlinganiselo wokuqaqamba kwePWM.
Umjikelo womsebenzi ngumyinge wexesha lokuqhuba kwesekethe OKUVUnyiweyo. Umjikelo womsebenzi uchazwa njengepesenti, kunye neepesenti ze-100 ezimele imeko eqaqambileyo enokwenzeka (ngokupheleleyo ON) kunye neepesenti ezisezantsi ezikhokelela ekuphumeni kokukhanya kwe-LED.
Isignali ye-PWM inomjikelo we-50% womsebenzi ukuba i-50% yexesha kunye ne-50% yexesha. Isignali ibonakala njenge-square wave, kwaye ukukhanya kwezibane kufuneka kube malunga nomndilili. Xa ipesenti inkulu kune-50%, isignali ichitha ixesha elide kwi-ON state kunokuba i-OFF state, kwaye ngokuphambene noko xa umjikelezo womsebenzi ungaphantsi kwe-50%.
I-Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) vs. I-Analog Dimming yee-LEDs
Ngokukhula okubonakalayo kokukhanya kwe-LED kwimarike, kuye kwakho ukunyuka kwendalo kwemfuno yabaqhubi be-LED abasebenzayo nabalawulwa ngokuchanekileyo. Ukugcina isicwangciso esisebenzayo samandla kunye nokuguquguquka kokuphela koyilo lwe-LED, "i-smart" izibane zesitalato, izibane, kunye neempawu zedijithali, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo, zifuna imisinga elawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukusebenza kwe-dimming.
Ukukhupha iPWM
Nge-pulse width modulation (PWM) dimming, i-LED yangoku ivuliwe kwaye ivaliwe okomzuzwana. Ukuthintela isiphumo sokudanyaza, i-on/off frequency kufuneka ikhawuleze kunento enokubonwa liliso lomntu (ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezulu kwe-100Hz). Ubumnyama be-PWM bunokuphunyezwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- Ukusebenzisa isignali ye-PWM ukutshintsha umbane ngokuthe ngqo.
- Ngendlela ye-transistor yomqokeleli ovulekileyo
- Ngolawulo oluncinci.
I-avareji yangoku ye-LED ilingana nesamba se-totali ye-nominal current kunye nomjikelo wayo womsebenzi wobumnyama. Umyili kufuneka kwakhona athathele ingqalelo ukulibaziseka kokuvalwa kwemveliso yokuguqula kunye nokuqaliswa, okubeka imida kwi-PWM dimming frequency kunye noluhlu lomjikelo womsebenzi.
I-Analog Dimming
Ukulungelelanisa umgangatho wangoku we-LED ubizwa ngokuba yi-analog dimming. Ukusebenzisa amandla ombane olawulo lwe-DC yangaphandle okanye i-resissive dimming inokuphumeza oku. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ukufiphala kwe-analog ngoku kuvumela uhlengahlengiso lwenqanaba, ubushushu bombala bunokutshintsha. I-analog dimming ayikhuthazwa kwizicelo apho i-hue ye-LED ibalulekile.
Makhe sijonge umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-PWM kunye nokuncipha kwe-analog
| Ukukhupha iPWM | I-Analog Dimming |
| Ukukhanya kulungelelaniswa ngokumodareyitha i-peak current kumqhubi | Ukukhanya kulungelelaniswa ngokutshintsha i-DC ukuya kwi-LED |
| Akukho Shift yoMbala | Ukutshintsha koMbala okunokwenzeka njengoko utshintsho lwangoku lwe-LED |
| Iingxaki ezinokuthi zenzeke ngoku | Akukho inrush yangoku kwisixhobo |
| Unyino lwamaxesha kunye neenkxalabo ezinokuthi zibekho | Akukho nkxalabo yamatyeli |
| Utshintsho olulayini kakhulu ekukhanyeni | Umgca wokukhanya awulunganga |
| I-Lower Optical ukuya ekusebenzeni kombane | Ukukhanya okuphezulu kokusebenza kombane (>lumens ngewathi nganye esetyenzisiweyo) |
Iingqwalasela zeHardware yePWM
Ukufiphala kwe-PWM kufuna ingqwalasela ethile xa kusenziwa inkqubo (okanye ibhodi yePC).
Umqhubi uyimfuneko ngokuqhelekileyo nge-backlight-type LEDs ngenxa yezinga langoku. Imveliso yedijithali, njengenye evela kwi-microcontroller, ayinakusetyenziswa ukuyiqhuba ngokuthe ngqo.
Inqanaba lengqiqo ethe ngqo yeFET (Field-Effect Transistor) uhlobo lwetransistor ludla ngokusetyenziswa njengomqhubi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Isichasi esisesangweni kufuneka sisetyenziselwe ukutshintsha iFET ukulawula isango langoku, kwaye isixhasi siyimfuneko ukuba uthintelo lwangoku luyafunwa. Qinisekisa ukuba ujonge umbane ofanelekileyo wokuqhuba umbane kunye nemisinga kwi-database yeLCD.
Umqhubi we-LED wohlobo lokutshintsha unokuqhuba ukukhanya kwe-LED ngasemva kwimisinga ephezulu kwaye ngokufanelekileyo. Aba baqhubi banzima ngakumbi, kwaye i-IC eyingcali ihlala iphatha umsebenzi wokutshintsha. Igalelo le-PWM kwii-IC ezininzi zenzelwe ngokucacileyo ukucima usetyenziso.
Ukuba i-microcontroller isetyenzisiweyo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukudibanisa kwipini yokuphuma exhasa i-PWM (ixesha / i-counter) imveliso ukuba i-PWM isetyenziswe njengomsebenzi we-hardware.
I-PWM-Iingqwalasela zeFirmware/Software
Ubumnyama be-PWM bufuna uqwalaselo loyilo lwenkqubo ethile (okanye ibhodi yePC).
Ngenxa yokuba ukuya phezulu, ii-LED zohlobo lwe-backlight zifuna umqhubi. Iziphumo zedijithali, ezifana nezo zisuka kubalawuli abancinci, azinakusetyenziswa ukuyiqhuba ngokuthe ngqo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, inqanaba elilula le-FET (i-Field-Effect Transistor) uhlobo lwe-transistor lusetyenziswa njengomqhubi kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ukutshintshela i-FET ukulawula isango langoku kufuna isixhasi kwisango, kwaye isixhasi siyafuneka ukuba kufunwa umda wangoku. Qwalasela i-LCD yedatha yedatha ye-backlight echanekileyo yombane wokuqhuba kunye nemisinga.
Umqhubi we-LED wohlobo lokutshintsha unokuqhuba isibane sangasemva se-LED ngempumelelo nakwimisinga emikhulu. Aba baqhubi banzima ngakumbi, kwaye umsebenzi wokutshintsha uhlala uphathwa yi-IC ekhethekileyo. Amagalelo e-PWM aliqela e-ICs aphuhliselwe ngokukodwa usetyenziso lwe-dimming.
Ukuba i-PWM isetyenziswe njengomsebenzi we-hardware, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukudibanisa kwi-pin yemveliso exhasa i-PWM (ixesha / ikhawuntara) imveliso kwi-microcontroller.
Ukusebenza kwePWM kunye nezicelo
Xa ixesha lokuvula kunye nokucima lokutshintsha litshintshile ngokumalunga nelinye, isixa sombane esiziswa kumthwalo siyenyuka. Njengoko kulindelwe, olu hlobo lolawulo lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi.
I-PWM idityaniswe nokulandelela indawo yamandla aphezulu, okanye iMPPT, yenye yeendlela eziphambili zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwepaneli yelanga ukwenza kube lula ukuba ibhetri iyisebenzise.
I-PWM, kwelinye icala, ilungele ukunika amandla izixhobo ze-inertial, ezinjengee-motor, kuba olu tshintsho lukhethekileyo lunempembelelo encinci kubo. Ngenxa yekhonkco lomgca phakathi kokusebenza kwee-LED kunye nokufakelwa kwamandla ombane, oku kusebenza nakwii-LEDs.
Ukongeza, i-frequency ye-PWM yokutshintsha kufuneka ingabi nampembelelo kumthwalo, kwaye ifom ye-wave wave kufuneka igudiswe ngokwaneleyo ukuze umthwalo ubonakale.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisixhobo kunye nomsebenzi waso, ukuphindaphindeka kokutshintsha kombane kuya kwahluka kakhulu. Iindidi zombane, izixhobo zombane zekhompyutha, kunye nezandisi zomsindo zonke zifuna isantya sokutshintsha kumashumi okanye amakhulu eekhilohertz.
Olunye uncedo oluphambili lokwamkela i-PWM kukulahleka kwamandla aphantsi ngokumangalisayo ekutshintsheni izixhobo. Xa iswitshi icinyiwe, akukho msinga uhamba kuyo. Ukongeza, xa iswitshi ivuliwe kwaye ithumela umbane kumthwalo wayo, kukho ukuhla kwamandla ombane angakhathaliyo kuwo.
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FAQs
isishwankathelo
I-PWM dimming yindlela elula kwaye engabizi kakhulu yokulungelelanisa ukuqaqamba kwezibane ze-LED. Ukufiphala kwe-PWM kuneengenelo ezahlukeneyo ngaphezulu kokuncipha kwe-analog, kubandakanya uqoqosho lwamandla aphezulu, ulawulo oluchanekileyo, kunye nobomi obude. Iyakwazi, nangona kunjalo, ibonise imiba emininzi, efana ne-EMI enokwenzeka kunye nesidingo sokutshintsha kweesekethe eziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ubumnyama be-PWM bubuchule obubalulekileyo bokulawula izibane ze-LED, kwaye ikamva layo libonakala lithembisa.
I-LEDYi yenza umgangatho ophezulu Imichilo ye-LED kunye ne-LED neon flex. Zonke iimveliso zethu zidlula kwiilabhoratri zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ukuqinisekisa owona mgangatho uphezulu. Ngaphandle koko, sinikezela ngeenketho ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwimigca yethu ye-LED kunye neon flex. Ke, kwiprimiyamu ye-LED strip kunye ne-LED neon flex, uqhagamshelane LEDYi NGOKUKHAWULEZA OKUDIBENE NOKUNGXAMA!
