Kuthatha ubuchule ukukhanyisa iqonga ngokufanelekileyo. Xa iimilo kunye nemibala idityaniswe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ihamba kunye iseti, idala amava oluvo enza yonke enye into eqongeni igqame. Ukuze oku kwenzeke, kufuneka kubekho ulungelelwaniso oluninzi. Ngexesha lemidlalo, kusenokubakho ininzi okanye amakhulu emithombo yokukhanya. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke zisebenza kunye ngokutyibilikayo kufuna ukwazi indlela yokudibanisa iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zombane. I-DMX-512 ayiyona imfihlo enkulu kwishishini lokukhanyisa.

Iprotocol ye-DMX-512 ingasetyenziswa phantse zonke izibane ezizenzekelayo ezifumanekayo kurhwebo ukuthetha omnye komnye. Ngabalawuli abohlukeneyo, unokulawula uluhlu olubanzi lwezibane ngolu “lwimi” lwedijithali.

Imigangatho engaphezulu ye-Ethernet-based yenza kube lula ukuthumela idatha ye-DMX-512 phakathi kwezixhobo kunye neziseko zonxibelelwano (i-Art-Net kunye ne-sACN). Abavelisi beenkqubo zokulawula izibane basebenzisa i-DMX-512 kakhulu, ngoko ke nabani na osebenza ngezibane zala maxesha ezizenzekelayo kufuneka azi ukuba bangayisebenzisa njani i-DMX-512 kuzo zombini izixhobo kunye neekhonsoli.

Yintoni i-DMX512?

I-DMX512 yinkqubo yokulawula izibane kodwa inokulawula ezinye izinto. "I-Digital Multiplex" ikuxelela indlela esebenza ngayo kwigama ngokwalo. Njengesithuba sexesha, iipakethi ezenza uninzi lweprotocol zixela ukuba zeziphi izixhobo ekufuneka zifumane idatha. Ngamanye amazwi, akukho dilesi kwaye akukho lwazi malunga nalo. Kule meko, idilesi inqunywe apho ipakethi ikhona.

Enyanisweni, inkqubo ithe ngqo. Unokwenza uxhulumaniso lombane kunye ne-5-pin XLR connectors, kunye ne-interface kwi-balanced line pair (kunye ne-reference ye-0 V). Ungathumela ii-bytes kunye neebits kwi-serial port ye-250,000 bps. Umgangatho we-RS-485 luhlobo lwe-interface yombane.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba "512" kwi "DMX512" nayo ayilibaleki kakhulu. Eli nani libonisa ukuba ipakethe inokuqulatha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-512 bytes yedatha (i-513 ithunyelwe, kodwa eyokuqala ayisetyenziswa). Iphakheji enye inokubamba lonke ulwazi kwindalo ye-DMX.

Ukuba isibane ngasinye sokukhanya sixhasa kuphela ubumnyama obusisiseko kumbala omnye, njengokukhanya okumhlophe, ngoko ke idatha yebyte enye inokulawula isibane kwaye inike ukuya kuthi ga kumaqondo angama-255 okukhanya, ukusuka kwi-off (zero) ukuya ngokupheleleyo kwi-(255), oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba unokulawula izixhobo ezingama-512.

Iskimu esiqhelekileyo solawulo lwe-RGB yokukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza, noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufuna iibhayithi zedatha ezintathu. Ngamanye amazwi, unokulawula kuphela izixhobo ze-RGB ze-170 kuba ipakethe (kwaye, ngokwandisa, i-universe ye-DMX) inokubamba kuphela ii-bytes zedatha ezisebenzisekayo ze-512.

Imbali ye-DMX

Ngaphambi kwe-DMX 512, abavelisi bezibane zesiteji basebenzise uluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo zeengcingo ezinobunikazi kunye nezingahambelaniyo, ezibangele ukudideka okukhulu kunye neengcingo ezongezelelweyo. Emva koko umgangatho we-DMX 512 wenziwa.

I-United States Institute of Theatre Technology (USITT) yenza i-DMX 512 kwi-1986, kunye ne-USITT DMX 512/1990 yaphuma kwi-1990.

I-DMX512 yanamhlanje, kwelinye icala, yenziwe nguMbutho weeNkonzo zoLonwabo kunye neTekhnoloji (ESTA). Kwi-1998, i-ESTA yaqala ukuthumela i-DMX512 kwi-American National Standards Institute (ANSI). I-ESTA yenze utshintsho kuguqulelo lokugqibela lwe-DMX512 ngo-2008.

Iziseko zolawulo lwe-DMX

Unokukhangela "Isiginali yeDijithali yeMultiplex" usebenzisa oonobumba "DMX." Kuba inokusebenza ngamatshaneli angama-512, idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-DMX 512. Isibane se-RGB “sinetshaneli” ezintathu ezahlukeneyo okanye imibala. Ukuba ucinga ngesibane se-RGB, unokukwazi ukuqonda ngcono ukuba yintoni “itshaneli”. Ihlabathi elinye le-DMX linokulawula ukuya kuthi ga kwi-512 monochrome okanye izibane ze-170 RGB. Ukusebenzisa i-DMX Decoder / Driver, i-fixture nganye ifumana idilesi ye-DMX ekhethekileyo ye-512-universe, kwaye emva koko usethe iimeko zakho zokukhanyisa ukuze usebenze kunye nezo dilesi.

Yintoni idilesi ye-DMX?

Itshaneli lelinye igama ledilesi ye-DMX. Ukuba ufuna ukuqhuba izilungiso ezininzi ngokwahlukeneyo, kuya kufuneka unike nganye idilesi yokuqala eyahlukileyo engeyonxalenye yeqela lejelo lelinye iqela.

• Idilesi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yidilesi yokuqalisa, ikuxelela ukuba isibane sijikelwe kweliphi na ijelo.

• Iisetingi zomdlalo zilawulwa ngumntu we-DMX, olitshaneli okanye iqela lezitshaneli.

Ezinye izilungiso ze-DMX zineswitshi yediphu ekuvumela ukuba utshintshe idilesi yasefektri engagqibekanga.

Yintoni indalo?

Kwilizwe le-DMX, kukho i-512 yeendlela zokukhupha i-console. Xa sele uzibonile zonke ii-512 zehlabathi ezinokwenzeka, ungadlulela kwelilandelayo kwaye uqale phantsi kwasekuqaleni.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-console, "1.214" okanye "a.214" ingasetyenziselwa ukuchaza apho ukukhanya kukwindalo yokuqala. Ezinye iiconsoles zenza inani lehlabathi lesibini ukusuka kwi-513 ukuya kwi-1024.

Ngasemva kwekhonsoli yakho yokukhanyisa, unokubona iilebhile ezinamagama afana ne "Universe 1," "Universe 2," "DMX A," kunye ne "DMX B," Umqondiso ovela kwindalo yonke ye-DMX uhamba ngezi ziqhagamshelo.

Ihlabathi ngalinye lidinga intambo yalo ye-DMX, kwaye ayinakudityaniswa. Musa ukulindela ukuba izibane zikhathalele ubukho bendalo iphela okanye ukwazi nokuba ziyintoni na.

Ukukhanya, zonke ihlabathi zikhangeleka "zifana," kwaye yonke into efunekayo ukuziva ekhaya kuyo nayiphi na kubo isignali ye-DMX. Ukuba awuqhagamshele iiglowubhu zakho kwihlabathi elichanekileyo, aziyi kusebenza ngendlela ofuna ngayo.

Yeyiphi imida ye-DMX 512?

Ngaphandle kweengxaki ezincinci ezimbalwa, i-DMX yindlela entle yokulawula ukukhanya kwethu. Intambo yocingo ye-DMX enye inokudibanisa ukuya kwizixhobo ezingama-32 kakhulu.

Njengoko umqondiso we-DMX uhamba ngezibane zakho, uya uba buthathaka kwaye ube buthathaka. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, awuyi kukwazi ukubala. Umgangatho uthi izibane ezingama-32 lelona nani lifanelekileyo. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, elo nani linokuba ngaphantsi kwama-32 okanye libe phezulu kakhulu kunolo. Ukuze ukhuseleke, musa ukusebenzisa izibane ezingaphezu kwe-16. Ukuba ufuna ukulungisa ingxaki yenethiwekhi efuna ukuba unyuke ileli okanye usebenzise i-lift ukuya kwindawo ephakamileyo, gcina iqela lakho lincinci kwaye uqaphele kakhulu.

Nangona iimpawu ze-DMX zinokuhamba ukuya kwii-1800 ezinyaweni, nantoni na ngaphezu kweenyawo ze-500 iyacaphukisa. Iimpawu ze-DMX zinokungazinzi ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zingaphi izibane ezidityanisiweyo. Ukuba isignali yakho iqala ukuba mbi, unokuyilungisa ngokukhawuleza ngokuyiqhekeza kwaye uyenze ibe yomelele.

Yintoni i-DMX yokwahlula kunye nokunyusa?

Ungathenga i-DMX splitter, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-DMX Opto-split okanye i-DMX ephindayo. Ukuba unezibane ezingaphezulu kunetsheyini enye yedaisy enokuphatha kodwa awukayizalisi indalo yakho yonke.

Isiphumo ngasinye se-splitter sinokuthumela idatha ukuya kwizixhobo ze-32, kukunika ukhetho oluninzi. Le kuphela kwendlela yokwahlula ukutya kwakho kwe-DMX kumgca ongaphezulu kwesinye.

Ukuba uzama ukwandisa isignali yakho ye-DMX ngokwahlukana kokwenziwa (i-y-cable), uya kuba neengxaki.

Kukwahlulwahlulwa kwe-passive, ngoko ke ukusebenzisa zombini i-3-pin kunye ne-5-pin udibaniso kwicala lemveliso yefixture enezo zombini ziya kubangela iingxaki. Sebenzisa intambo ye-3-pin ukungena kwi-fixture kunye ne-5-pin cable ukuyishiya ukunciphisa inani leadaptha ozifunayo.

Kukwabalulekile ukuba uhlale ukhumbula ukuba ngamanye amaxesha unokubaleka kwihardware engasebenziyo nezinye iziqwenga.

Ezinye izilungiso ezingabizi kakhulu zinokungena kwimowudi ezenzekelayo xa zilahlekelwa yidatha. Ezi zilungiso zitshiphu zithumela ulwazi olungasoloko luchanekile kwezinye izinto. Oku akufuneki kwenzeke kanye phakathi komboniso wakho.

I-DMX splitter inokubeka ukukhanya ngakunye kumgca wayo, ukuyigcina ingachaphazeleki kwezinye izibane. Kufuneka uhlale unayo enye yezi kunye nawe kuba awukwazi ukuba ungayidinga nini.

Yintoni i-RS-485?

Umgangatho we-RS-485 yindlela yokudibanisa izixhobo zombane. Enye yeengcingo zayo ezintathu ngumhlaba okanye ireferensi ye-0V, kwaye ezinye ezimbini zisetyenziselwa ukuthumela iimpawu ngendlela elinganayo. Kule bhasi yocingo, kukho indawo yesixhobo esingaphezulu kwesinye, kodwa iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ze-DMX zisebenzisa inkosi kunye nekhoboka kuphela.

Ngenxa yokuba ukukhanya kunokwenziwa ngamalungu angaphezulu kwesinye, isibane ngasinye sinokuba noqhagamshelo lweRS-485 ezimbini. Olunye uxhulumaniso oluvela kumlawuli ukuya kwesinye isixhobo sokukhanyisa kwikhonkco le-daisy lisebenza njengekhoboka le-RS-485, kunye nolunye uxhumano lusebenza njengenkosi ye-RS-485.

Okwangoku, isixhobo esisodwa kuphela kunye nesixhobo esinye sekhoboka siya kujongwa (ngokuqhelekileyo isixhobo sokulawula ukukhanyisa).

A kunye no-B ngamanye amaxesha babizwa ngokuba yi-Non-inverting kunye ne-Inverting, okanye nje "+" kunye "-" (kodwa musa ukuzixuba kunye neziqhagamshelo zombane we-DC ukuba uzibiza ngolo hlobo!). Ezi ngcingo zimbini zithumela imiqondiso ngaphandle kwesigaba kwaye zenze isignali elinganayo. Xa olunye ucingo lwesignali lukwi-voltage ephezulu xa kuthelekiswa nocingo lwereferensi ye-0V, ucingo lwesibini lomqondiso luya kuba kumbane ophantsi, kwaye ngokuphendululekileyo.

Unxibelelwano ngamanqaku

Ngonxibelelwano lwe-serial, i-byte yeDatha ithunyelwa njengentambo yeebhithi ezisibhozo, kunye nesiqalo kunye ne-stop bit phakathi. Intwana yokuqala ihlala ingu-0, into ethetha ukuba ixesha lentwana enye lisandula ukuqalisa. Xa usebenzisa i-DMX, amasuntswana amabini asetelwe kwi-logic 1 abizwa ngokuba “yi-stop bits.”

Ukubala ibhithi yokuqala, iibyte ezisibhozo, kunye nezimbini ekupheleni, kukho iibhithi ezilishumi elinanye zizonke. Into ekufuneka uyibize sisakhelo. Incinci nganye i-4us ubude kuba isakhelo sithunyelwa ngamaxesha angama-250,000 ngesekhondi (ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-250,000 baud).

Iinkcukacha zeprotocol ye-DMX

Iprothokholi ye-DMX ithumela inyathelo lokuqala-kwepakethi kunye neseti yeefreyimu ngaphezulu kwebhasi yeserial. Ukuziphatha okulindelweyo kukuqalisa ipakethe, ukuthumela iifreyimu ezingama-513, kwaye emva koko ulinde (ungasebenzi) ixeshana ngaphambi kokuba uqalise inkqubo kwakhona. Gcina ukhumbule ukuba akubona bonke abalawuli be-DMX abanokuthumela iifreyimu ze-513 njengento eqhelekileyo.

Amajelo eDMX

Kwelona nqanaba lisisiseko, i-DMX-512 liqela leseti zedatha ebizwa ngokuba “ngamatshaneli.” “Indalo iphela” ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa ukuchaza onke la majelo. Zonke iitshaneli kwi "Universe" zongeza ukuya ku-512. Itshaneli nganye ngokwesiko ibe yinkwenkwezi eyahlukileyo kumnyele. Kodwa kwiinkqubo zokukhanyisa zanamhlanje ezinezixhobo ezintsonkothileyo, itshaneli nganye ye-DMX ihlala iqhagamshelwe kwenye indawo yokukhanya okuzenzekelayo.

Ishaneli nganye ingaba nexabiso phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-255. Okokuqala, i-DMX-512 yenziwe ukulawula kuphela i-dimmers eyona nto isisiseko, ngoko ke ixabiso le-0-255 lomjelo ngamnye lisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuphuma kokukhanya kwi-0-255. Ngale ndlela, umsebenzisi unokutshintsha indlela eziqaqambe ngayo inani lezibane zesiphumo esimangalisayo. Izitishi ze-DMX ngoku zisetyenziselwa ukulawula izinto ezinjengokukhanya, ipani, kunye nokuthambeka kwizibane ezizenzekelayo kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuzonwabisa.

Indalo enye ye-DMX inokucingelwa njengeqela lamatshaneli angama-512. Indalo nganye ye-DMX ingaba nenye ye-256 ixabiso elinokwenzeka (255 Plus 1 ye-0).

Ukulawula ukukhanya usebenzisa amajelo

Uhlobo ngalunye lwezibane ezizenzekelayo kufuneka zibe necandelo elithile lendalo ye-DMX ebekwe bucala kuyo. Ngolu luhlu lwamatshaneli, unokutshintsha yonke indawo yesibane (kaninzi phakathi kwe-12 kunye ne-30 channels). Ukukhanya kulawulwa ngumjelo omnye wenkqubo ye-DMX, ngelixa i-pan kunye ne-tilt ilawulwa ngamajelo amabini kunye nesithathu, ngokulandelanayo. 

Ukukhanya ngakunye kunedilesi yayo yokuqala ye-DMX, esixelela ukuba yeyiphi itshaneli kwindawo ye-DMX eya kuqalisa ukufumana imiyalelo kuyo. Uluhlu lwangaphakathi lwemenyu luhlala lusetyenziselwa ukutshintsha idilesi yokuqala ye-DMX.

Umsebenzisi kufuneka aqale "afake" ikhonsoli yokukhanyisa ukunika isixhobo ngasinye idilesi ye-DMX ekhethekileyo. Ngoku ukuba i-console kunye nezibane ziyakwazi ukuthetha omnye nomnye, zonke iintlobo zomlingo zinokwenzeka. Ikhowudi ye-console inokukhetha ukukhanya, itshintshe ezinye izicwangciso zayo, kwaye igcine utshintsho. 

Nangona imveliso yeconsole ihlala ibonisa ulwazi olucacileyo kumaxabiso afundeka ngumntu kwizinto ezinje ngombala, ubunzulu, isikhundla, kunye nokunye, la manani ahlala eguqulela emva kwiseti yetshaneli ze-DMX kunye namaxabiso ahambelanayo.

I-DMX-512 iyadingeka ukunxibelelana nezibane kuba ithumela idatha yolawulo ebalulekileyo. Kuze kubekho ukutshintshwa kweprotocol ye-DMX-512, kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu osebenza ekukhanyeni ukwazi ukuba i-DMX-512 isetyenziswa njani kwishishini.

Uluhlu lweHardware

Ngenxa yokuba indawo yokukhanyisa ikude nenqanaba, i-DMX512 ihlala isetyenziswa kumgama omde. Xa kukho ingxolo ye-electromagnetic ngeenxa zonke, isignali iya kude ukuba inokuthathwa kude. Oku, kunye nenyaniso yokuba i-DMX ihlala isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinengxolo eninzi yombane. Esi sizathu sokuba i-RS-485 ikhethwe njengeyona ndlela ilungileyo yomthetho kuyo.

Ukuqonda ukuba le miqondiso ithetha ntoni, kufuneka ukwazi ukuxelela umahluko phakathi kocingo lwedatha (D +) kunye nocingo lwedatha oluchaseneyo (D-) (D-). Oku sikubiza ngokuba “luphawu olwahlukileyo” kuba silinganisa umahluko. Ukuze umahluko phakathi kwemiqondiso emibini uhlale ufana. 

Imiqondiso eyahlukileyo efana ne-RS485 idla ngokuchola ingxolo malunga nesixa esifanayo kuyo yomibini imigca yesiginali. Ngokukwazi ukuxelela umahluko phakathi kwemiqondiso emibini, unxibelelwano olude olude luyafikeleleka. Umgangatho we-DMX uthi ixesha elide kakhulu akufanele libe ngaphezu kweenyawo ze-1,000, kodwa i-RS-485 ilinganiswe kwi-4,000 yeenyawo.

Nangona uninzi lwedatha ye-DMX ithunyelwa ngeentambo ze-XLR-5, iintambo ze-XLR-3 ezine-DMX nazo ziyasetyenziswa. Kwi-RS-485, udinga imigca emithathu kuphela: umhlaba, iDatha +, kunye neDatha-. Loo migca mithathu yayisoloko iyonke eyayisetyenziswa. Ukulungiselela ukukhula okunokwenzeka kwexesha elizayo, isibini esongezelelweyo semigca yedatha kwafuneka yongezwe, ngoko ke ikhebula le-XLR-5 lenziwe.

Ukwakhiwa kwepakethi

Idatha ye-serial ye-asynchronous ngaphandle kokulingana kunye neebhithi ezimbini zokumisa zithunyelwa njengedatha ye-DMX kwi-250 kbit / s. Ke, isuntswana elinye okanye uphawu lwewotshi kuthatha imizuzwana emine ukuthumela. Ulwakhiwo lwepakethi lulungile, kwaye iqala ngeBREAK elide apho kuthunyelwa iData enengxolo kuphela.

Incopho elandelayo ibizwa ngokuba yiMark After Break, ehlala ixesha elifutshane (MAB). Into elandelayo yiKhowudi yokuQala (SC), ethunyelwa njengesakhelo se-serial ye-11-bit ngexabiso le-0x00 njengedatha. Kukho ibhithi enye ephantsi, i-byte enye yedatha enamasuntswana asibhozo, kunye neebhithi ezimbini eziphezulu. Ulwazi oluthe kratya kwiKhowudi yokuQalisa inokubonisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwedatha ye-DMX ekwipakethi.

IKhowudi yokuQala 0x17 ibonisa ipakethi yombhalo, ngelixa iKhowudi yokuQala i-0xCC ibonisa ipakethe yoLawulo lweSixhobo esikude. Emva kweKhowudi yokuQala, yonke idatha ye-DMX ithunyelwa kwiifreyimu ezingama-512 ezifanayo. Ezi zakhelo zibizwa ngokuba zii-SLOTs (amaxabiso e-RGB, amaxabiso eCMY, indawo ye-servo, uxinzelelo kumatshini wenkungu, njlnjl...). 

Ixesha lokumakisha phakathi kweSakhelo (MTBF) elinokuhlala ukuya kutsho kwisekondi epheleleyo liyaboniswa phakathi kwesakhelo ngasinye. Emva kwezakhelo zedatha kuza enye iMTBP enokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwisekondi. Kodwa azifane zisetyenziswe ukugcina umlinganiselo wesakhelo uzinzile.

Ukufakwa kweekhowudi kwidatha

Isixhobo sazi njani ukuba yeyiphi ipakethe yokubeka indawo yokushunela? Ungasebenzisa i-DIP yokutshintshela ukukhetha i-slot yokuqala yedatha ye-DMX fixtures.

Emva koko, umzobo uya kumamela inani leendawo zokubeka idatha ezikhethiweyo. Umzekelo, ukuba sikhetha i-slot 12 njengendawo yokuqala, i-RGB dimmer elula iya kuthatha i-slots 12, i-13, kunye ne-14 kwaye iguqulelwe kulwazi olukwezo ziteshi. Ukulungiswa kwe-DMX kufuneka yongeze enye kwikhawuntara yabo ye-slot kwi-stop bit bit, oku kuxelela i-microprocessor ukuba yeyiphi i-slot idata engena xa isakhelo esilandelayo siqala. 

Ke, unokuseta kwakhona ikhawunta nanini na ufumana ukwahlukana kwaye uphawule. Unokwenza kwakhona ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, ngoko ke ipakethi ye-DMX ayifuni ukuba igcwalise zonke iindawo ze-512. Kodwa inani lezithuba ezifunekayo kwisimo ngasinye sinciphisa ukuba zingaphi izixhobo onokuzifaka kwiNdalo enye.

Ulawulo lweDivayisi ekude (RDM)

Indlela yolawulo lwesixhobo esikude (RDM) esebenzisa iprotocol ye-DMX kufuneka isetyenziswe ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokulungiswa kwezibane. Ikhowudi yokuqalisa ye-RDM (0xCC) kunye ne-ID ye-fixture apho umthetho olandelwayo ufuna ukuthetha nawo uthunyelwa kwipakethi ye-DMX512.

Ngaphambi kokuvumela imigca yedatha ihambe, umlawuli uya kulinda impendulo. Ukuba umlawuli akaphumeleli, unokuzama kwakhona emva kwexesha elithile okanye unikezele kwaye uqhubeke. I-RDM yindlela entle yokufumanisa ukuba yintoni enye into enokuyenza xa usandula ukuqalisa kwiNdalo engaqondakaliyo.

Yintoni i-topology yenethiwekhi ye-DMX 512?

Inethiwekhi ye-DMX512 imiselwe njengetsheyina ledaisy, kunye nebhasi ye-multi-drop edibanisa iindawo ezininzi. Kuthungelwano lwe-DMX512, kuya kubakho umlawuli oyintloko omnye kwaye naphi na ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwizixhobo ezininzi zamakhoboka. Ikhonsoli yokukhanyisa elawula uthungelwano lwe-dimmers, oomatshini benkungu, iintloko ezihambayo, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinokusebenza kunye ne-DMX ngumzekelo wenkosi kunye nesixhobo sekhoboka.

Isixhobo ngasinye sekhoboka sinegalelo elinye le-DMX kunye nemveliso enye ye-DMX okanye isidibanisi se- throughput. Igalelo lomlawuli liqhagamshelwe kwikhoboka lokuqala ngentambo ye-DMX512, kwaye imveliso yokuqala yekhoboka idityaniswe nekhoboka elilandelayo kwikhonkco le-daisy ngenye intambo.

Umaleko womzimba we-DMX-Iziqhagamshelo kunye nocingo

I-8-bit yedatha yokubini isetyenziselwa ukuthumela idatha yedijithali kwinethiwekhi yocingo ejijekileyo ekhuselekileyo. Phakathi kwe-0 kunye ne-255, ulwazi lwe-8-bit lunokugcina amaxabiso ahlukeneyo angama-256. Kwi-binary, amanani avela kwi-00000000 (zero) ukuya kwi-11111111 (isigidi esinye) (255).

Umgangatho we-EIA-485-A kunye ne-DMX512 ziphantse zafana, kodwa i-DMX512 yenza utshintsho oluncinci kumgangatho we-EIA-485-A. Idatha yeBinary inokuthunyelwa ngokulandela umgangatho we-EIA-485 wamanqanaba ombane.

Kwinkqubo ye-DMX512, ibhasi inokufikelela kwi-1200 yeemitha ubude kodwa inokuqhagamshela kuphela iindawo eziyi-32 (3900 ft). Xa inethiwekhi ye-DMX ineendawo ezingaphezulu kwe-32, ii-splitters ze-DMX ziyafuneka ukuze kugcinwe inethiwekhi ukuba ibe nkulu kakhulu.

Umgangatho wokuqala we-DMX512 wabiza ukusetyenziswa kwee-pin-pin ze-XLR zoqhagamshelwano zombane (XLR-5) ezineziqhagamshelo zabasetyhini zokuthumela kunye nezixhumi zamadoda ukuze zifumane. Esikhundleni seziqhagamshelo ze-DMX512 zantlandlolo, i-modular ye-8P8C, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"RJ-45") ingasetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo ezisisigxina apho i-Equipment ingadingeki ukuba ifakwe kwaye iphume rhoqo.

Ezinye izihlanganisi zefom-factor zivumelekile kwiindawo apho i-XLR okanye i-RJ-45 ayiyi kusebenza. Kodwa oku kuphela kweendawo apho ziza kufakwa ngokusisigxina.

Uyiphepha njani imigibe ye-DMX?

Inethiwekhi yedatha ekhonkxiwe nge-daisy ene-architecture yebhasi igwetyelwe ukuba ingaphumeleli ukuba akukho ndlela yokufumana kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo. Uninzi lweengxaki zofakelo zinokulandelelwa emva kwiintambo ezimfutshane kakhulu okanye ezimbi kakhulu, okanye uphazamiseko lwe-electromagnetic (ukuphazamiseka kunye nokukhutshwa okumileyo).

Nalu uluhlu lolwazi oluthe vetshe.

1. Fumana iyunithi yovavanyo ye-DMX512. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuba ufuna ukufumana kwaye ulungise iimpazamo.

2. Ukusebenzisa iintambo ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile. Nge-DMX512, ayisiyombono ilungileyo ukusebenzisa iingcingo zomgca wemakrofoni olungeleleneyo.

3. khangela intambo nganye ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikwimo entle phambi kokuba uyifake.

4. Ukuxhasa i-reverse-phase ye-five-pin XLR kwiintambo ezintathu ze-adapter ze-XLR xa usebenza ngee-pin ezintathu ze-DMX512 abamkeli.

5. Qinisekisa ukuba usete izikhonkwane zomhlaba kumamkeli. Qinisekisa ukuba akukho khefu kuqhagamshelwano phakathi kwe-PIN 1 kunye ne-chassis ngokusebenzisa i-continuity tester okanye i-multimeter. Beka i-DMX isolator phakathi kweyunithi kunye nekhonkco eliseleyo ukugcina ikhonkco liqhubeka. Ekuphela kwento ekufuneka i-chassis iqhagamshele kuyo ngumhlaba ophumayo weconsole.

6. Sebenzisa iibhulorho ezilungileyo, njengoko inani lesithandathu lisitsho. Naluphi na uqhagamshelwano olungakhuselekanga lunokophuka.

7. Yahlula imidibaniso ye-DMX. Uzakufuna iplagi yokuphelisa ukuba iyunithi yakho yokugqibela ayinamsebenzi wokuphelisa.

8. Fumanisa ukuba ingakanani itrafikhi ye-DMX oya kuyifumana kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa abaqhubi bemigca okanye abacandisi. Eyona ndlela ilula yokugcina i-DMX512 yakho iqhuba icwangcisiwe kukusebenzisa isahluli. Kufuneka kwakhona udibanise uphawu lwesixhobo ngasinye kumlenze owahlukileyo we-splitter ophela kwi-terminator.

I-9: Cinga ngendlela idilesi yakho emiswe ngayo ngoku. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezinye izibane zineeswitshi ze-DIP ezimiselwe ngokwahlukileyo kunoninzi.

10. Musa ukusebenzisa iintambo ze-DMX ecaleni kombane kunye neentambo zomthwalo ozizizizi.

11. Qinisekisa ukuba ufunda imiyalelo yemveliso phambi kokuba uyisebenzise. Akukho mntu wakha wenzakala ngenxa yokuba efunda incwadi yemigaqo.

Yintoni i-daisy chaining?

Ngenxa yokuba izibane ze-DMX zinokudityaniswa kunye kwikhonkco, itshaneli enye ye-DMX inokulawula ukuya kuthi ga kwizibane ezingama-32. Ke, imveliso yomdlalo omnye inokuqhagamshelwa kwelinye igalelo ukuya kuthi ga kumaxesha angama-32! Ke, unokulawula izibane ezininzi ngakumbi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isilawuli esikhulu (okanye ukuba nemeko ephambeneyo yecabling). Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ukulungisa ingxaki ngekhonkco lezibane ezingama-32 kunokuba nzima. Kunokuba ngumceli mngeni, ngakumbi ngexesha lokusebenza okuphilayo, emva koko uxakeke ikhonkco elinezibane ezimbalwa.

Ukusombulula iingxaki zeDMX eziqhelekileyo

Xa usebenzisa i-DMX kwiimeko ezirhabaxa ngaphandle, akuqhelekanga ukulungisa iingxaki ngolawulo lwe-DMX.

Nantsi into omawuyenze ukuyilungisa:

1. Ngaba i-DMX icinyiwe? Nangona abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba awudingi sixhathisi sokuphelisa. Ukwenza notshintsho oluncinci kwinethiwekhi ye-DMX, njengokongeza intambo, kunokubangela ukuba inkqubo yonakele okanye ibangele iziphumo ezingafunekiyo. Iziphumo ezinje ngee-dimmers ezidayizayo okanye izibane ezingcangcazelayo xa kufanele ukuba zigudile kwaye zizinzileyo.
2. Injani imeko yeingcingo? Ukuphelisa kunokwenza kube lula ukususa ezi ziphumo. Ukuba iqhekeza elinye kuphela ledatha yedatha yophukile, i-DMX isenokusebenza ngandlela ithile. Ukuba isilawuli sokukhanya sophukile, ungasebenzisa intambo yokuxhuma ukuyidibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kumgca we-DMX. Ukuba iyasebenza ngoku, i-wiring yingxaki.
3. Ngaba izinto zihamba ngendlela ebekufanele ngayo? Izinto ezininzi zingonakalisa abamkeli be-DMX, kodwa ukubetha kombane kwenzeka rhoqo. Ukuba isixhobo siqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kumthombo othembekileyo we-DMX ngentambo ethembekileyo kodwa ayiphenduli kwi-DMX, inokufuna inkonzo.
4. Ingaba ihardware iyixhasa njani iDMX? Ngaba inokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu? Ngokomgangatho we-DMX512, ixesha leempawu zeempawu ze-DMX zinokusetwa kuluhlu olubanzi. Ayizizo zonke izixhobo ezinokuphatha uluhlu olupheleleyo lwamaxesha. Ukulungisa oku, ungatshintsha isantya semveliso ye-ETC yakho ukusebenza kunye neZixhobo ezicothayo. Uluhlu lwangoku lweemveliso ze-ETC zisebenza kunye ne-DMX ye-output speeds Max (engagqibekanga), Fast, Medium, and Slow. Ukuba isixhobo sakho se-DMX sihlala sisebenza ngokungalunganga naxa siqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso ye-DMX ethembekileyo, zama ukucothisa isantya semveliso ye-DMX ukuze ubone ukuba ingxaki iyahamba. Bona inqaku le [DMX Speed] ngolwazi oluthe vetshe malunga nezantya ze-DMX.

Zeziphi izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ze-DMX512?

Ukuseta i-DMX kunokuba luncedo kwiimeko ezininzi. Inokwenza umahluko omkhulu kwimbonakalo yomboniso wakho wokukhanya, kodwa ikwanezithintelo ezimbalwa.

Enye yeengxaki nge-DMX kukuba idinga iingcingo ezininzi. Iingcingo ezininzi zithatha ixesha elide ukuseta. Kuthatha ixesha elingakumbi ukucwangcisa imiboniso yokukhanya eyodwa kwangethuba. Kwakhona kuthatha ixesha elingakumbi ukulungisa izibane ngexesha lomsitho, onokuba yingxaki. Unokufuna abantu abaninzi ukuba baqhube iinkqubo zokukhanyisa, ngoko gcina loo nto engqondweni xa usenza uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Kukho ithuba lokuba isandi-ukuya-kukukhanya ulandelelwano oluza nesixhobo. Amalungiselelo esandi ukuya kukukhanya anokubonakala ngcono kunayo nantoni na onokuyicwangcisa ngokwakho. I-DMX ayinakusetyenziswa ukulawula izibane ezingekho kakuhle.

Enye yeenzuzo ezininzi ze-DMX kukuba isebenza ngoluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo zezixhobo kunye neebrendi, ukuze ukwazi ukuzicwangcisa zonke ukuba zenze into enye. Ungatshintshana ngaphandle kokungagqibekanga, okuhlala kwenziwe kakubi. Iipateni eziza kunye nezinye izibane zokukhanya kweyakho ukwenza igumbi libukeke ngcono kwaye usebenzise izibane kwiindlela zokuyila ngakumbi. Iintloko ezihambayo okanye iiskena zinokwenza izibane ezinokuboniswa ngeendlela ezithile.

Ukwenza kube lula ukulawula izibane, zihamba nomculo xa ingoma ebetha kancinci iqala, kwaye uninzi lweenkqubo ezize nekhompyuter ziyaba ngumkhenkce, ukukwazi ukuthelekisa umoya wengoma okanye intsebenzo kumboniso okhanyayo. Ukuvula i-strobing ekuqaleni kwengoma yindlela ebalaseleyo yokuphucula umboniso wesihlwele.

Art-Net

I-Art-Net yinkqubo yonxibelelwano yasimahla. I-Artnet ithumela i-protocol ye-DMX512-A yokulawula ukukhanya kunye neprotocol yoLawulo lweSixhobo esikude (RDM) kwi-Intanethi usebenzisa i-UDP.

[1] Ivumela "iiseva" kunye "neendawo" (ezifana neeglowubhu ezihlakaniphile) zincokole enye kwenye.

Iprotocol ye-Art-Net kukuphunyezwa okulula kwe-DMX512-A protocol phezu kwe-UDP kwaye isetyenziswe kwinethiwekhi yendawo yangasese njenge-Ethernet. Isetyenziselwa ukuthumela idatha yokulawula izibane kwinethiwekhi. Iinodi zinokuthi "zibhalise" kwii-nodes "zomshicileli", ngoko ke ii-nodes A kunye ne-B zinokubhalisa kwi-node C, umzekelo. Ezinye iimpawu zolawulo ziquka ukufumana iindawo, ukuhlaziya iiparamitha zolawulo lweenodi, kunye nokuthumela iikhowudi zexesha. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuthumela nokufumana ulwazi malunga nezibane (i-C iya kulwazi lwe-unicast ku-A no-B).

Ulwazi lwenkqubo ye-KNX kulawulo lwe-dmx512

I-KNX ngumgangatho ovulekileyo owenza ukuba kube lula kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezizisebenzelayo zasekhaya ukuthetha nomnye kunye nokusebenza kunye.

• I-KNX ikuvumela ukuba ulawule izinto ezahlukeneyo ezizenzekelayo, izixhobo zombane kunye nemisebenzi. Kwikhaya lakho okanye ishishini, ngokukhawuleza nangokuthembekileyo.

• Iinkqubo ze-KNX ziyaguquguquka kwaye zingasetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezininzi zezakhiwo. Ungayisebenzisa kumakhaya anosapho olunye, amagumbi amakhulu, kunye neeofisi.

• Uyilo lokukhanyisa kunye nolawulo lomsebenzi luyimfuneko ekwenzeni indawo isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Igcina imali kwiindleko zamandla kwaye ikhusela indalo.

• Ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ze-KNX ziguquguqukayo kwaye zinamandla amaninzi, zinokunceda ukugcina imali eninzi. Inokonga imali kwiindleko zamandla kwaye inokonga nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.

• Ukutshintsha ivolumu yomculo okanye ukukhanya kwezibane kunempembelelo efanayo. Akukho ntshukumo iwutshintshayo umoya.

• Unokwenza iindawo ezifudumeleyo, ezimemayo ngaphakathi kunye nokukhanya okukhangayo kubonisa ngaphandle. Unokwenza iindawo ezitofotofo zokusebenza kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Unokwenza izibane zilayite kwaye zicinywe ngamaxesha athile ukwenza isakhiwo okanye ikhaya likhuseleke.

• Unokulawula ukuba angakanani amandla asetyenziswa zizibane zakho ukusuka kude ngesixhobo esiphathwayo kunye nezinto ezizenzekelayo.

FAQs

isishwankathelo

Inkqubo yokukhanyisa ye-DMX yenziwa umgangatho wokukhanya kwesiteji. Inokulawulwa kwaye idluliselwe kusetyenziswa imiqondiso yedijithali. Ngo-1986, i-United States Institute of Theatre Technology (USITT) yeza nayo. Bayila ngendlela yokuba izibane ezahlukeneyo eqongeni okanye iseti zilungelelaniswe ukuze zisebenze kunye.

Umlawuli we-DMX oqhelekileyo unamashaneli angama-512, kwaye ngamnye unokutshintsha ukukhanya ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-255. Ukuze isebenze kakuhle, kufuneka uqonde indlela esebenza ngayo. Kananjalo kufuneka ufunde amanyathelo ekufuneka uwathathe phambi kokuba uthumele idatha phezu kwalo naliphi na ijelo elinikiweyo. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka ukwazi iziseko zenkqubo. Inkqubo efana nendlela yokujongana nesixhobo esisodwa okanye ukwenza iqela lezinto ezihambelanayo ezisondeleleneyo, njengalezo ezikwipakethi yentloko ehambayo okanye uluhlu lwephaneli yethayile ye-LED.

Nje ukuba uyazi iziseko, ungadlala ngeenxa zonke ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Unokwenza izikimu zakho zokukhanyisa. Uya kukwazi ukulawula izibane zakho njengengcali emva kokuziqhelanisa kancinci.

I-LEDYi ngumzi-mveliso okhethekileyo ekuveliseni umgangatho ophezulu wemicu ye-LED kunye nezibane ze-neon ze-LED. Sinikezela Izibane ze-DMX512 ezikhokelayo, DMX512 neon flex kwaye I-DMX512 iholele iwasha eludongeni. Ndiyacela Qhagamshelana nathi ngokukhululekileyo ukuba uyafuna.