Ngati nyali zanu za LED siziwala pambuyo pa waya, musawaganizire kuti zawonongeka kapena zosweka. M'malo mwake, fufuzani ngati kuwala kwayikidwa pa polarity yoyenera. Koma polarity ndi chiyani, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kwa magetsi a LED?
Polarity ndi komwe kumayenda mkati mwa nyali ya LED kapena chipangizo chilichonse chamagetsi. Imawonetsedwa ndi ma terminals abwino (anode) ndi negative (cathode). Muyenera kusunga kusasinthasintha mu polarity pamene mukugwirizanitsa magetsi a LED ku gwero la mphamvu. Polarity yolakwika idzalepheretsa kuyenda kwapano, ndipo magetsi sadzawala.
Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za polarity ya nyali za LED? Werengani nkhaniyi, ndipo nthawi zonse muziyenda bwino ndikuyika kuwala kwa LED. Ndatchulapo njira zina zothandiza zodziwira polarity ya ma LED. Ndiye mudikirenjinso? Lowani muzokambirana-
Mukutanthauza Chiyani Ponena za Polarity Ya Nyali Za LED?
Kuyenda kwamakono mkati mwa kuwala kwa LED kapena diode kumakhala ndi njira yotsimikizika, yosonyezedwa ndi polarity yake. Monga mbali ina iliyonse yamagetsi, kuwala kwa LED kumakhala ndi mapeto abwino (+) ndi oipa (-). Mapeto abwino amatchedwa anode, ndipo mapeto oipa amatchedwa cathode. Magetsi amayenda kuchokera ku anode kupita ku cathode, chofunikira pakuwunikira kwa LED. Njirayi imadziwika kuti polarity ya kuwala kwa LED.
Mutha kuwona polarity ngati mitengo iwiri ya nyali ya LED, pomwe mtengo umodzi uli wabwino (anode) ndipo winayo ndi woipa (cathode). Muyenera kusunga polarity iyi mukuyika kuwala kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuwala kumawala.
Muyenera kulumikiza mapeto abwino a kuwala kwa LED (anode) ku mapeto abwino a dalaivala kapena gwero la mphamvu ndi mapeto oipa a kuwala (cathode) mpaka kumapeto kwa gwero. Ngati polarity siisungidwa, kuwala sikungawala.
Kodi Polarity Ya Kuwala kwa LED Imagwira Ntchito Motani?
Magetsi a LED amapangidwa ndi ma semiconductors momwe magetsi amayendera. Komabe, makina amayendedwe amakono a semiconductor ndi osiyana ndi waya wokhazikika. Mu semiconductor, a Mgwirizano wa PN amapangidwa ndi doping zonyansa. Zonyansazi zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri - p-mtundu wa zinthu ndi n-mtundu.
Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonyansa kupanga mabowo ambiri (zonyamula zabwino) mu semiconductor zimadziwika kuti. p-mtundu zipangizo. Mbali inayi, n-mtundu wa zinthu amatanthauza zipangizo zomwe zimapereka ma elekitironi ochulukirapo (zonyamula zoipa). Malo omwe zida zamtundu wa p ndi mtundu wa n zimakumana amatchedwa PN junction. Zimatsimikizira kuti magetsi akuyenda m'njira imodzi, kutsekereza njira yobwerera.
LED iliyonse ili ndi malekezero awiri: anode (zabwino) ndi cathode (negative), zogwirizana ndi p ndi n zigawo. Mukangolumikiza anode ku terminal yabwino ndi cathode ku terminal yoyipa ya gwero lamagetsi, yapano imayamba kuyenda. Pamene panopa ikudutsa, ma electron kuchokera ku zinthu zamtundu wa n amasunthira kuzinthu zamtundu wa p. Momwemonso, mabowo ochokera kuzinthu zamtundu wa p amasunthira kuzinthu zamtundu wa n. Ma electron amaphatikizana ndi mabowo pamene akuyenda kudutsa mphambano ya PN. Kuphatikizikako kumatulutsa mphamvu kudzera mu ma photon, omwe timawawona ngati kuwala.
NB: Ma electron amayenda kwina kolowera komweko.
Komabe, mtundu wa kuwala umadalira semiconductor ya LED. Iwo ali ndi ma conduction ndi valence magulu onse p ndi n mbali. Kusiyana kwa maguluwa kumatchedwa mipata yamagulu. Ma electron akagwa kuchokera ku gulu la conduction kupita ku gulu la valence panthawi yogwirizanitsa, mphamvu imatulutsidwa ngati kuwala.
Mphamvu yowunikira iyi ndi yofanana ndi kusiyana kwa gulu la semiconductor. Kusiyana kwa bandi kumasiyanasiyana kwa ma semiconductors osiyanasiyana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ma semiconductors osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma LED kuti abweretse mitundu yowala yosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Gallium Phosphide (GaP) kumapanga kuwala kofiira, kwachikasu, kapena kobiriwira, pamene Gallium Nitride (GaN) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma LED a buluu ndi oyera.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, werengani nkhaniyi: Kodi Kuwala kwa Mzere Wa LED Kumagwira Ntchito Motani?
Kodi Polarity Ndi Yofunika Kwa Ma LED?
Kusunga polarity ndikofunikira kwa ma LED. Kuzungulira polarity kuwononga dera, ndipo magetsi anu a LED sangawala. LED imayimira Ma Diode Opepuka Otulutsa. Monga ma diode ena onse, LED imalola magetsi kuyenda mbali imodzi yokha. Izi ndizotheka pokhapokha mutayika kuwala kuti muzitsatira polarity yoyenera.
Kuti muwunikire ma LED, muyenera kujowina malekezero abwino a nyaliyo mpaka kumapeto kwa gwero lamagetsi. Mofananamo, mapeto oipa a kuwala ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mapeto oipa a gwero la mphamvu. Izi zidzaonetsetsa kuti ma electron akuyenda komwe akufunidwa, kupangitsa kuti ma elekitironi agwirizanenso ndi kutulutsa kuwala.
Ngati polarity siisungidwa, ngati mutagwirizanitsa zabwino ndi zoipa kapena mosemphanitsa, LED idzatsekereza magetsi. Kuphatikizika kwa PN kudzakhala ndi kayendedwe kake kofala, ndipo magetsi sadzawala. Ngakhale ma LED sawonongeka chifukwa cha polarity, izi zidzasokoneza kapangidwe ka dera. Komabe, nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito reverse voltage kupitilira mphamvu yamagetsi ya LED kumatha kuwononga nyali ya LED.
Momwe Mungadziwire Polarity ya Nyali za LED?
Zina mwakuthupi za nyali za LED zidzakuthandizani kuzindikira polarity yawo. Ngati simungathe kuzipeza, palinso njira zina; tiyeni tikambirane zonse:
Njira 1: Yang'anani kutalika kwa Zotsogolera
Ngati muyang'ana pa diode, miyendo iwiri kapena nsonga zikuwonekera. Mukhoza kusiyanitsa kutalika kwa mwendo mosavuta. Njira yayitali ndi anode (positive terminal), ndipo yayifupi ndi cathode (negative terminal). Komabe, iyi si njira yopanda nzeru yodziwira polarity. Miyendo ikhoza kudulidwa kapena kugulitsidwa kuti igwirizane ndi kukhazikitsa popanda kuwala kwatsopano. Pankhaniyi, mungazindikire bwanji polarity ya LED? Tsatirani njira yotsatirayi.
Njira 2: Yang'anani Pamphepete mwa Flat & Round Side
Yang'anani diso lanu pabokosi lapulasitiki lowoneka bwino kuti mupeze m'mphepete mwake kapena mozungulira. Ma LED ali ndi m'mphepete mwake pafupi ndi mwendo wolakwika ndi m'mphepete mwa mbali zabwino. Ichi ndi chidziwitso chothandizira kuzindikira polarity.
Njira 3: Dziwani Kusiyana kwa Mbale
Yang'anani mozama mkati mwa chotengera cha LED; amatha kukhala omveka bwino, ofiira, obiriwira, achikasu, abuluu, ndi zina zotero. Koma izi zimakhala zowonekera kwambiri, kotero mumatha kuona mosavuta mkati. Mudzapeza mbale ziwiri zazitsulo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chipinda chachikulu chimalumikizidwa ndi chowongolera cha LED, cathode. Mbale yaying'ono imalumikizidwa ndi chitsogozo chabwino, anode ya LED. Choncho, ngati simungathe kuwasiyanitsa poyang'ana kutsogolera / miyendo, gwiritsani ntchito njirayi.
Njira 4: Gwiritsani ntchito Multimeter
Multimeter ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ma diode, voteji, panopa, kuyeza kukana, ndi zina zotero. Ili ndi ma probes awiri (ofiira kuti awonetsetse bwino ndi akuda kuti asokoneze) ndi mawonedwe a digito. Kuti muwone polarity, muyenera kuyika ma multimeter mumayendedwe oyesera a diode, omwe nthawi zambiri amayimira (▶|–).
NB: Ngati multimeter yanu ilibe diode mode, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotsutsa (Ω).
Mawonekedwewo akakhazikitsidwa, lumikizani kafukufuku wofiyira ku terminal yolowera yabwino ya multimeter (yomwe nthawi zambiri imalembedwa VΩmA kapena zofanana). Mofananamo, ikani kafukufuku wakuda kumalo olakwika kapena ofala a multimeter (yolembedwa COM).
Yesani ma LED pokhudza kafukufuku wofiyira ku chitsogozo chimodzi cha LED ndi kafukufuku wakuda mpaka wina. Kuwala kudzawala mocheperako ngati kafukufuku wofiyira walumikizidwa ndi anode (positive terminal) ndipo chofufuza chakuda chilumikizidwa ndi cathode (negative terminal).
Komabe, ngati kuwala sikukuunika, ma probes samafanana ndi polarity yoyenera. Bwezerani zofufuzazo mwa kukhudza zofiira ku mzere wina ndi wakuda kwa wotsalayo; mudzapeza kuwala kukuwala. Mwanjira iyi, mutha kuzindikira malekezero abwino ndi oyipa a LED.
Njira 5: Gwiritsani Ntchito Battery Cell Cell
Pogwiritsa ntchito batire yama cell ngati CR2032, mutha kudziwa mwachangu miyendo yabwino komanso yoyipa ya LED. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kuyika miyendo ya LED pazitsulo za batri ya ndalama, monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi. Ngati kuwala kukuwalira pang'ono, ndiye kuti mwendo wokhudza mbali yabwino ya batri ndi anode (yabwino) ya LED. Ndipo mwendo wokhudza batire negative terminal ndi cathode (negative) ya LED. Ngati sikuyatsa, tembenuzirani LED ndikuyesanso.
Chimachitika N'chiyani Ngati Mumayatsa Nyali za LED Kumbuyo?
Ngati mumayatsa nyali za LED kumbuyo, kuwalako sikungawala. Komabe, sizingawononge ma LED. Ngati mutayesa kulumikiza kolakwika molakwika, palibe chomwe chidzawopsyeze pamene magetsi ali otsika mpaka pakati. Koma ngati ma LED anu alumikizidwa ndi dera lamagetsi apamwamba, kulumikizana kolakwika kumatha kuwononga LED. Chifukwa chake, ngati mwalumikiza mwangozi nyali za LED kumbuyo kapena chakumbuyo, konzani ASAP.
Komabe, nthawi zina ma diode osinthika amaphatikizidwa mudera ngati njira yodzitetezera. Kutsika kwamagetsi akutsogolo kudutsa diode yam'mbuyo kumakhala kotsika kwambiri (kuzungulira 0.7V pamtundu wa silicon diode). Mphamvuyi ndi yofooka kwambiri kuti ingawononge diode. Imateteza bwino ma LED kumagetsi apamwamba omwe amatha kupitilira voteji yake yakuwonongeka.
Momwe Mungadziwire Polarity Ya Kuwala Kwa Mzere Wa LED?
Kuwona chizindikiro cha PCB kumakupatsani mwayi wowona mawonekedwe a mzere wa LED. Zingwe za LED zili ndi mapepala amkuwa. Pa pedi iliyonse yamkuwa, zizindikiro zimasonyeza polarity; mudzapeza '+' ndi '-' zizindikiro. Mwachitsanzo, woyera kapena Mzere wa LED wamtundu umodzi ali ndi zizindikiro zabwino ndi zoipa; Mutha gwirizanitsani dalaivala kapena gwero lamagetsi kutsatira dongosolo la polarity ili.
Kupatula izi, zidzakuwongoleranso pakusunga polarity pomwe kulumikiza mizere ingapo ya LED palimodzi.
Komabe, mitundu yonse ya mizere ya LED ilibe polarity yofanana. Mwachitsanzo, mizere yoyera yoyera akhoza kukhala ndi zolembera monga 'C+' ndi 'W+' m'malo mwa '+' ndi '-.' Apanso, a Chithunzi cha RGB LED ndi anode wamba ali limodzi zabwino terminal (anode) nawo mitundu itatu (Red, Green, Blue). Muyenera kulumikiza terminal yabwino (+) ku mbali yabwino yamagetsi. Njira zamtundu uliwonse (R, G, B) zimalumikizidwa pansi (zoyipa) kudzera mwa wowongolera kapena mwachindunji. Tchati chomwe chili m'munsichi chidzakuthandizani kuchotsa mfundoyi:
| Tchati cha LED Strop Polarity | ||||
| Mtundu wa Mzere wa LED | Zabwino (+) | Zoipa (-) | Njira zowonjezera | Mtundu Wawaya (Wamba) |
| Mzere Wamtundu Umodzi wa LED | + kapena V+ | - kapena GND | palibe | Chofiira (Mphamvu), Chakuda (Pansi) |
| Tunable White LED Strip | C+ (Woyera Wozizira), W+ (Woyera Wofunda) | Gawo Logawana | palibe | Zosiyanasiyana (Zoyera Zozizira, Zoyera Zofunda) |
| Mzere wa RGB LED (Common Anode) | + (Common Anode) | R- (Red), G- (Green), B- (Blue) | Makanema pawokha amalumikizana pansi | Chofiira (Mphamvu), Chobiriwira (Pansi pa G), Buluu (Pansi pa B), Zosiyanasiyana (Pansi pa R) |
| RGB LED Strip (Common Cathode) | - (Common Cathode) | R+ (Red), G+ (Green), B+ (Blue) | Makanema aliwonse amalumikizana ndi zabwino | Wakuda (Pansi), Wofiira (Mphamvu ya R), Wobiriwira (Mphamvu ya G), Buluu (Mphamvu ya B) |
| Mzere Wowongolera wa LED | + (Mphamvu) | - (Pansi) | DI (Data In), CI (Clock In) (ngati ikuyenera) | Chofiira (Mphamvu), Chakuda (Pansi), Zosiyanasiyana (Data, Wotchi) |
NB: Mtundu wamawaya ndi zizindikiro za polarity zitha kusiyanasiyana kumitundu kapena opanga.
Kupatula kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma multimeter kuti muwone polarity ya mizere ya LED. Khazikitsani multimeter kuti ikhale yopitilira. Kenako, ikani ma probe a multimeter pamapadi amkuwa a mzere wa LED. Phokoso la beep kuchokera pa chipangizocho likuwonetsa komwe kukuyenda kutsogolo (zabwino mpaka zoyipa kudzera pa LED). Izi zimatsimikizira polarity yolondola.
Kuthetsa Mavuto Odziwika bwino a LED Strip Polarity
Pamene mukukhazikitsa kapena kuyatsa Zowunikira za LED, nazi zovuta zomwe mungakumane nazo ndi polarity:
Kuvuta Kupeza Chizindikiro cha Polarity
Zizindikiro za polarity zimasindikizidwa pang'ono kwambiri pa PCB, ndipo ena sangakhale ndi cholemba. Zolemba izi zitha kukhala zazing'ono kwambiri kwa timizere topapatiza zomwe mungafune kuthandizidwa kuti muwerenge. Ngati simukuwapeza, gwiritsani ntchito maikulosikopu. Ngati palibe zizindikiro, gwiritsani ntchito multimeter. Zida zaku Thailand zizindikira mwachangu polarity ya mzere wa LED.
Polarity Yolakwika: Kuwala Kosawala
Mukalumikiza chotengera cha nyali ya mizere ya LED kumalekezero oyipa amagetsi kapena chaphositiyi kupita ku choyezera, kuwalako sikungawala. Chotsani zolumikizira ndikuzibwerezanso ndi polarity yolondola.
Mgwirizano Wotayirira Kuchititsa Kugwedezeka
Ngakhale polarity yanu ili yolondola, kuwala kumatha kuwonetsa zovuta. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo, monga kulumikizana kotayirira kukhala kofala kwambiri. Mizere ya LED ikalumikizidwa ndi magetsi, ngati mawaya atayikira, ma LED amadutsa zovuta. Kuti muchite izi, yang'ananinso zolumikizira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndizoyenera kulumikizana mwamphamvu.
Mavuto Ogwirizana ndi Wiring
Zolumikizira zamtundu wa LED zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi mzere umodzi wa LED kapena kungolumikiza mizere ya LED ku gwero lamagetsi. Mtundu uliwonse wamtundu wa LED umakhala ndi cholumikizira cha LED chomwe chimafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mzere wamtundu umodzi wa LED, mumafunika cholumikizira cha 2-pini cha LED. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira chomwecho pa RGB LED Mzere, kuwala sikungawala ngakhale mutakhala ndi polarity. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma PIN 4 LED zolumikizira.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za zovuta ndi mizere ya LED, onani izi- Kuthetsa Mavuto a Mzere wa LED.
Ibibazo
Kutsiliza
Kudziwa dongosolo la polarity ndikofunikira pa wiring kapena kulumikiza zida zilizonse zamagetsi, kuphatikiza magetsi a LED. Kuti mumalize kuzungulira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuwala kukuwala, muyenera kulumikiza chotengera chabwino cha nyaliyo mpaka kumapeto koyenera komanso kolowera kolowera kugawo loyipa la magetsi. Ngati ndi LED yodutsa pamabowo yokhala ndi zotsogola ziwiri ndi kapu kumutu, mwendo wautali ndi wabwino. Mukhozanso kuzindikira izi potsatira mbali yathyathyathya ndi phokoso kapena kukula kwa mbale, monga ndanenera m'kukambitsirana.
Komabe, ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi ma SMD (Surface-Mount Device) ma LED ngati mumizere ya LED, mutha kutsatira mwachangu zizindikiro kuti mupeze polarity. Ma SMD amakonzedwa mu bolodi yosindikizidwa yokhala ndi zilembo za '+' ndi '-' zosonyezedwa.
Zizindikirozi zikutsogolerani polumikiza nyali ya LED ku magetsi okhala ndi polarity yolondola. Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kupita kwathu LEDYi LED Mzere magetsi. Zosintha zathu zonse zili ndi zolembera zomveka bwino za polarity ndi pad yamkuwa. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuyika kuwala mosavuta popanda kuthandizidwa ndi akatswiri kapena kufunikira kwa ma multimeter kuti muwone polarity!
