Mawaya amagetsi oikidwa m'manda ali ndi zofunikira zosiyana ndi mawaya wamba chifukwa amagwira ntchito ndi chinyezi, kupanikizika, ndi mphamvu pansi pa nthaka. Waya wamba wa NM-B womwe timagwiritsa ntchito popangira mawaya akunja siwoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya akunja oika m'manda. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kutsatira khodi ya NEC kuti mawaya amagetsi akunja akhale otetezeka komanso otetezeka. Mu bukhuli, tikambirana khodi mwatsatanetsatane:
Kodi Khodi ya NEC ndi chiyani? - Zoyambira
Malamulo a Zamagetsi a Dziko Lonse (NEC) kapena NFPA 70 ndi muyezo wadziko lonse womwe uli ndi malangizo atsatanetsatane okhazikitsa machitidwe amagetsi motetezeka ku US. Malangizowa amafalitsidwa ndi National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Muyezowu umakhudza mitundu ya mawaya, kuya kochepa, magetsi, kudzaza kumbuyo, ndi malangizo ena ofunikira kuti mawaya amagetsi akhale otetezeka. Chifukwa chake, potsatira malamulo a NEC, mutha kupewa zida zanu ku zivomezi, moto wamagetsi, ndi zoopsa zina.
Khodi ya NEC imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi pa ntchito zonse zamagetsi ku US Komabe, NEC imalamulidwa ndi madera ambiri kunja kwa US. Ikuphatikizapo machitidwe amagetsi, mawaya, zomangamanga, magetsi, ndi zina zambiri. Pali mitu isanu ndi inayi mu NEC yomwe yagawidwa m'magawo, zigawo, ndi magawo. Kupatula apo, khodiyi imaphatikizapo gawo loyambira pachiyambi ndipo imatha ndi index yodziwitsa. Kapangidwe ka NEC ndi motere:
| Kapangidwe ka NEC |
| Introduction |
| • Mutu 1: Zonse • Mutu 2: Kulumikiza mawaya ndi Chitetezo • Mutu 3: Njira Zolumikizira Mawaya ndi Zipangizo • Mutu 4: Zipangizo Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Mwachizolowezi • Mutu 5: Malo Okhalamo Anthu Apadera • Mutu 6: Zipangizo Zapadera • Mutu 7: Mikhalidwe Yapadera • Mutu 8: Machitidwe Olumikizirana • Mutu 9: Matebulo |
| • Annex A: Miyezo Yotetezera Zinthu • Annex B: Chidziwitso Chogwiritsira Ntchito Kuwerengera Kuchuluka kwa Mphamvu • Annex C: Matebulo Odzaza Ma Canduit, Tubing, ndi Cable Tray… • Annex D: Zitsanzo • Annex E: Mitundu ya Kapangidwe • Annex F: Machitidwe Ofunikira a Mphamvu Zogwirira Ntchito… • Annex G: Kuyang'anira ndi Kupeza Deta (SCADA) • Annex H: Utsogoleri ndi Kukhazikitsa Malamulo • Annex I: Matebulo Oyenera a Torque… • Annex J: Miyezo ya ADA ya Kapangidwe Kopezeka • Annex K: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zipangizo Zachipatala M'nyumba… |
NB: Khodi ya NEC sigwira ntchito pa mtundu uliwonse wa makina amagetsi a magalimoto, sitima, kapena ndege.
Mbiri Yachidule ya NEC Yoyambirira
Mbiri yoyambirira ya NEC ikugwirizana ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Kalelo, mabungwe angapo monga New York Board of Fire Underwriters ndi National Electric Light Association adasindikiza malamulo osiyanasiyana amagetsi. Koma kubuka kwa miyezo yambiri kunkayambitsa chisokonezo, ndipo pankafunika muyezo umodzi.
Pofuna kukhazikitsa muyezo, msonkhano wa onse unakonzedwa mu Marichi 1896 ku New York City. Msonkhanowu unatchedwa "Msonkhano Wogwirizana wa Zofuna Zamagetsi ndi Zogwirizana," komwe akatswiri ndi mabungwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga inshuwaransi, zamagetsi, zomangamanga, ndi oimira ochokera m'magawo ena ofanana, analipo. Pambuyo pake bungweli linasindikiza National Board of Fire Underwriters Pamphlet 70 (NBFU 70) mu 1897. Kabuku aka makamaka ndi kope loyamba la National Electrical Code.
Pambuyo pake mu 1911, muyezowu unkasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndikusindikizidwa ngati kope latsopano. Kupatula apo, zikalatazi zidasamutsidwira ku National Fire Protection Association. NFPA yakhala ikuyang'anira kukweza, kusintha, ndi kukulitsa NEC. Pakadali pano, khodi ya NEC imaonedwa ngati muyezo wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso wodalirika womwe NFPA idakhazikitsa.
Kufunika Kotsatira Khodi ya NEC ya Chitetezo
NEC ndi code yodziwika bwino komanso yovomerezeka ndi American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Imatsimikizira chitetezo cha kukhazikitsa magetsi pa malo a anthu ndi mafakitale. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, kuti kukhazikitsa magetsi kukhale kotetezeka, ndikofunikira kutsatira NEC Code. Kuchokera pa code iyi, mumapeza malangizo okhudza izi:
- Malamulo a kukhazikitsa magetsi, kuphatikizapo magetsi, kulumikizana, ndi zina zambiri.
- Malangizo a mawaya ndi chitetezo
- Njira ndi zipangizo zolumikizira mawaya kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito; izi zimakhudza ma conductor, zingwe, misewu ya raceways, ma conduit, ndi mabokosi.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi
- Malangizo apadera ogwiritsira ntchito madera oopsa, ndege, chisamaliro chaumoyo, ndi zina zambiri.
Chifukwa chake, potsatira malamulo a NEC, mutha kupeza malo okhazikika amagetsi. Kupatula apo, imakhudzanso malamulo okhudza mawaya amagetsi obisika.
Kuphatikiza apo, khodiyi imasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kudalira khodiyi chifukwa ikupitilizabe kusinthidwa ndi ukadaulo waposachedwa.
NB: Khodi ya NEC ikasinthidwa, mayiko onse safunika kuigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Mutha kukhala ndi miyezi ingapo mpaka chaka kuti muzolowere mtundu waposachedwa. Kupatula apo, mayiko akhoza kuphatikiza kapena kuchotsa magawo enaake a code poganizira zofunikira zawo.
Malangizo Okhazikitsa Mawaya Amagetsi Obisika Panja
Zotengera Zakunja
Mu code NEC 406.9(B)(1), zalengezedwa kuti zotengera za 15- ndi 20-ampere, 125- ndi 250-volts zomwe zayikidwa pamalo onyowa ziyenera kukhala ndi chotchingira. Kaya chivundikiro cha pulagi chalumikizidwa kapena ayi, chimagwira ntchito pa zotengera zonse zotere. Izi zimateteza kukhazikitsa ku ngozi ndi ngozi zadzidzidzi.
Ndiponso, malinga ndi malangizo a NEC 406.9 (A), zophimba zotulutsira madzi m'malo onyowa ziyenera kulembedwa kuti zisawonongeke kwambiri ndipo ziyenera kutsegulidwa osachepera 90° pa hinge. Ngati mukuona kuti kapangidwe ka clover sikulola kutseguka kwa madigiri 90, ndiye ikani m'njira yomwe imalola kutseguka kwathunthu.
Komanso, zotengera zakunja ndizofunikira kwambiri kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa nyumba ya mabanja amodzi. Ndipo pankhaniyi, kutalika kwa malo oikira sikuyenera kupitirira mamita 6.5 kuchokera pansi.
Zofunikira za GFCI Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Panja
GFCI imayimira Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter. Ndi chipangizo chamagetsi choteteza chomwe chimateteza ku shock ndi moto wamagetsi. Chitetezo cha GFCI ichi n'chofunikira kwambiri pa zotengera zakunja zomwe zili ndi ma rating a 125V kapena 250V monga momwe zalembedwera mu NEC 210.8 (A)Kupatula malo akunja, udindo uwu ukugwiranso ntchito ku malo otsatirawa:
- mabafa
- Masewera
- Malo okwawa
- Kitchen
- Malo osambiramo kapena osambiramo
- Malo ochapira zovala
- Zigawo kapena madera osamalizidwa a chipinda chapansi chomwe sichinapangidwe kuti chikhale zipinda zokhalamo
- Mawaya akunja kwakanthawi ndi malo otulukira madzi pafupi ndi magwero a madzi, monga maiwe kapena akasupe
Tebulo la Zofunikira za GFCI
| Nkhani ya NEC | Malangizo a GFCI |
| 210.8(A)(3) | Malo onse otulutsira mpweya m'nyumba (mpaka 250V) ayenera kukhala ndi chitetezo cha GFCI. |
| 210.8 (B) | GFCI ndi yofunika kwambiri pa zotengera zonse zakunja m'malo amalonda, mafakitale, ndi malo ena osakhala okhala. |
| 590.6 (A) | Nkhaniyi ikunena za chitetezo cha GFCI pa mawaya osakhalitsa a zotengera zakunja. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo omangira ndi zida zakanthawi. |
Mawaya ndi Ma Conduit
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mawaya poika maliro mwachindunji, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mawayawo ali ndi zilembo za UF cable za voltage yapamwamba kapena kuti ndi apadera kwa iwo. kuunikira kwamagetsi otsikaMa circuit amphamvu kwambiri, monga omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya 120/240V, sangagawane njira yolumikizirana ndi yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yochepa, monga 12/24V. Komabe, amatha kugawana ngalande pokhapokha ngati dera lililonse lili mu njira yolumikizirana.
Kuganizira za zinthu zomwe zili m'makontenawa n'kofunika kwambiri pano kuti pakhale chitetezo. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo cholimba, PVC, kapena IMC chimateteza mawaya apansi panthaka kuti asawonongeke ndipo chimateteza kwambiri makina, makamaka m'malo osaya kwambiri. Ndime 300.5 ya NEC, Zofunikira zochepa za chivundikiro zimasiyana pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zingwe; izi ndi izi:
| Mtundu wa Mawaya | Chivundikiro Chocheperako |
| Waya wa UF (Wodyetsa Pansi pa Dziko) | 24 mainchesi |
| Waya wa PVC | Mainchesi 18 (muyezo) |
| Waya Wachitsulo Wamagalasi | 6 mainchesi |
| Kulumikiza Mawaya Otsika | 6 mainchesi |
| Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC) | 6 mainchesi |
| Intermediate Metal Conduit (IMC) | 6 mainchesi |
| Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT) | 18 mainchesi |
| Machubu Osinthasintha a Chitsulo (FMT) | Mainchesi 18 (muyezo) |
| Zingwe Zina Zoika Maliro Mwachindunji | Mainchesi 18 (muyezo) |
Komanso, malinga ndi ma code a NEC, mawaya onse ndi maulumikizidwe ayenera kutetezedwa ndi chosalowa madzi kapena chosawononga nyengo mabokosi olumikizirana kuti apewe kulowa kwa chinyezi ndi dzimbiri.
Zofunikira Zochepa Zokhudza Chivundikiro
Mawu akuti 'Cover' amatanthauza mtunda wochokera pamwamba pa waya wobisika kupita pamwamba pa nthaka. Komabe, muyenera kukumbukira kuti 'cover' si kuzama konse kwa ngalande. Mu nkhani ya NEC 300.5, tikupeza malangizo ochepa ophimba njira zolumikizira mawaya ndi mipikisano kuyambira pa zero mpaka 1000 volts.
Dziwani: Kuzama konse kwa ngalande kuyenera kukhala kozama kuposa zomwe zimafunika kuti chivundikirocho chikhalepo. chivundikiro choyenera pamwamba pa waya.
Pa chingwe chobisika mwachindunji kapena misewu ya mpikisano, NEC E3803.1. [300.5(A)] Ikupereka tebulo lotsatirali losonyeza zofunikira zochepa zophimba:
| TABLE E3803.1 (Table 300.5)ZOFUNIKA ZOCHEPA ZA CHIKUTO, KUMALIRA M'MAICHI | |||||
| MALO A NJIRA YOGWIRITSA MAWAYA KAPENA DERA | Mtundu wa njira yolumikizira mawaya kapena dera | ||||
| 1 Zingwe zoika maliro mwachindunji kapena ma conductor | 2 Msewu wolimba wachitsulo kapena msewu wapakati wachitsulo | 3 Mapaipi amagetsi achitsulo, misewu yothamanga yopanda zitsulo yomwe yalembedwa kuti iikidwe m'manda mwachindunji popanda konkire kapena misewu ina yothamanga yovomerezeka | 4 Ma circuits a nthambi okhala ndi ma volts 120 kapena kuchepera ndi chitetezo cha GFCI komanso chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri cha ma overcurrent cha 20 amperes | 5 Ma Circuit owongolera kuthirira ndi kuunikira kwa malo ali ndi malire osapitirira ma volts 30 ndipo amayikidwa ndi Type UF kapena mu chingwe china chodziwika kapena raceway. | |
| Malo onse omwe sanatchulidwe pansipa | 24 | 6 | 18 | 12 | 6 |
| Mu ngalande yosakwana konkire wa mainchesi awiri kapena wofanana nayo | 18 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 6 |
| Pansi pa nyumba | 0 (Mu raceway yokha kapena mtundu wa MC wodziwika kuti aikidwe m'manda mwachindunji) | 0 | 0 | 0 (Mu njira yothamanga kokha kapena Mtundu wa MC wodziwika kuti aikidwe m'manda mwachindunji) | 0 (Mu raceway yokha kapena mtundu wa MC wodziwika kuti aikidwe m'manda mwachindunji) |
| Pansi pa simenti yakunja ya mainchesi 4 yokhuthala popanda magalimoto, ndipo simentiyo imapitirira mainchesi 6 kupitirira malo omangidwira pansi pa nthaka. | 18 | 4 | 4 | 6 (Kuikidwa m'manda mwachindunji) 4 (Mumsewu wothamanga) | 6 (Kuikidwa m'manda mwachindunji) 4 (Mumsewu wothamanga) |
| Pansi pa misewu, misewu ikuluikulu, misewu, malo otsetsereka, njira zoyendera, ndi malo oimika magalimoto | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Njira zoyendetsera nyumba za mabanja amodzi ndi awiri komanso malo oimika magalimoto panja ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zokhudzana ndi nyumba zokha | 18 | 18 | 18 | 12 | 18 |
| Mu thanthwe lolimba lomwe lili ndi simenti yosachepera mainchesi awiri yomwe imafika pathanthwe | 2 (Mumsewu wothamanga wokha) | 2 | 2 | 2 (Mumsewu wothamanga wokha) | 2 (Mumsewu wothamanga wokha) |
Low-Votage Systems
Nkhani ya NEC 725 imagawa ma circuits omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa m'magulu atatu. Izi ndi izi:
- Kalasi 1: Ikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu zochepa kapena zosachepera mphamvu ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito mpaka 600V.
- Kalasi 2: Makina omwe amagwira ntchito mpaka 150V ndi mphamvu yochepa; nthawi zambiri ≤100VA)
- Kalasi 3: Imaphimba ma circuits omwe amagwira ntchito mpaka 150V kapena 100VDC
Malinga ndi malamulo a NEC, magetsi otsika mphamvu ndi mawaya amagetsi akutsatira mfundo za Gulu 2.
Mupeza malangizo ofunikira pa kuunikira kwamagetsi otsika mu Mutu 4 wa NEC. Ndipo malinga ndi Nkhani ya NEC 411, makina owunikira otsika mphamvu amakhala ndi mphamvu ya 30V RMS kapena kuchepera ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala 25A max. Kupatula apo, makina owunikira otsika mphamvu amafunika mawaya enaake, kulumikizana, ndi malamulo okhazikitsa. Mwachitsanzo, kuyatsa kwa dziwe losambira, spa, ndi kasupe wa ≤30V kumaloledwa kukhala ndi kuya kwa mainchesi 6.
Malangizo Obwezera Ndalama Zobwerera
Kudzaza zinthu zotsalira n'kofunika kuti mawaya akhale olimba akamakwiriridwa. Khodi ya NEC imasonyeza kuti zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zotsalira m'ngalande zomwe zilibe miyala, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kapena zinthu zowononga. Mchenga ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chosungiramo zinthu zotsalira; komabe, kutengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zinthu zosungiramo zinthu zotsalira zimatha kusiyana.
Lamulo la NEC 40 lodzaza limatchula kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kudzaza kwa ma conduit. Izi ndi izi:
- Kwa kondakitala mmodzi, kudzaza kwakukulu = 53% ya malo mu ngalande
- Kwa ma conductor awiri, kudzaza kwakukulu = 31% ya malo mu conduit
- Kwa ma conductor oposa awiri, Max fill = 40% ya conduit
Kuteteza Mawaya Amagetsi Obisika Kuwonongeka
Pofuna kuteteza, chingwe chochokera pansi pa nthaka chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mpanda wa mamita osachepera 8. Izi zidzateteza mawaya ku kuwonongeka kulikonse. Komanso, malekezero awiri a machubu ayenera kutsekedwa. Chifukwa chake, chubucho chidzakhalabe chotetezeka ku madzi kapena chinyezi.
Kuyika Zizindikiro pa Mawaya Amagetsi Pansi pa Dziko Kuti Mukhale Otetezeka
Malinga ndi Khodi ya NEC 300.5(D)(3), muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zilembo zochenjeza kapena maliboni okhala ndi mainchesi 18 (kapena kuposerapo) pansi pa mtundu wake. Komabe, zilembozo siziyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa mainchesi 12 pamwamba pa malo oyikapo.
Tsopano, mungafunse chifukwa chake zilembo zotere zimafunika? Kwenikweni, zilembozo zimagwira ntchito ngati zizindikiro kapena chenjezo. Munthu akamakumba malowo, maliboniwo amamupatsa chithunzi cha kukhalapo kwa mawaya amagetsi. Zotsatira zake, wokumbayo amazindikira ndipo motero amatha kukhala otetezeka ku kugunda kwa magetsi kapena ngozi iliyonse.
Njira Zinayi Zosungira Maliro ndi Ntchito Zake
Kuzama kwa mainchesi asanu ndi limodzi
Mawaya otsika mphamvu (osakwana 30V) ayenera kuikidwa pansi pa kuya kwa mainchesi 6. Kuzama kumeneku kumagwiranso ntchito pa machubu amagetsi achitsulo. Milandu yodziwika bwino ndi iyi:
- Kuwala kwa malo
- Kuunikira kwa dziwe losambira
- Kuunikira kwa spa
- Kasupe kuyatsa
Kuzama kwa mainchesi khumi ndi awiri
Malinga ndi tebulo la NEC E3803.1, kuya kwa mainchesi 12 ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito polumikiza mawaya amagetsi mwachindunji. Zimapereka mgwirizano pakati pa chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukonza kosavuta. Mawaya a magetsi okhala m'nyumba ndi m'malo nthawi zambiri amatsatira waya wa mainchesi 12.
Kuzama kwa mainchesi khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu
Kwa ma conductor a PVC kapena njira zina zoyendera magalimoto zomwe si zachitsulo, kuzama kochepa komwe kumaperekedwa ndi mainchesi 18. Kuzama kumeneku kumaperekedwa poganizira kukhazikika ndi chitetezo cha kukhazikitsa.
Kuzama kwa mainchesi makumi awiri mphambu anayi
Ku US, kuzama kochepa kwa kuikidwa m'manda mwachindunji ndi mainchesi osachepera 24. Kuzama kumeneku kumalimbikitsidwa makamaka pa zingwe zosungiramo madzi mwachindunji komanso zoperekera madzi pansi pa nthaka.
Malingaliro azamalamulo ndi chitetezo
Mfundo zalamulo ndi chitetezo pa mawaya amagetsi oikidwa m'manda ndi izi:
Kupeza Zilolezo Zofunikira
Pitani ku boma lapafupi kuti mukapemphe chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito mawaya amagetsi oika m'manda. NEC imapereka zofunikira zenizeni zogwiritsira ntchito mawaya amagetsi oika m'manda panja; fufuzani ma code ndikufunsa kontrakitala wamagetsi za njira yonseyi.
Gwiritsani Ntchito Mtundu Woyenera wa Chingwe ndi Ngalande
Gwiritsani ntchito zingwe zomwe zili ndi chizindikiro cha mawaya apansi panthaka. Ngati polojekiti yanu ikufunika kuikidwa m'manda mwachindunji, sankhani Underground Feeder kapena UF cable. Koma ngati ikufuna njira yolumikizirana ndi mawaya, sankhani PVC.
Imbani 811 Musanakumba & Kuchenjeza Matepi
Mukakumba mawaya oikamo zinthu, mungakumane ndi magetsi oyendera pansi pa nthaka monga magesi, mapaipi amadzi, kapena ulusi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, musanakumba, muyenera kulumikizana ndi makampani oyendera malo kuti akutsatireni bwino malo kuti achite ntchitoyi. Ku US, nambala yolumikizirana ndi makampani oyendera malo ndi 811; imbani kuti mupewe kuwonongeka mwangozi mukamachita ntchitoyi.
Mukamaliza kukumba ndi kukhazikitsa waya, gwiritsani ntchito tepi yochenjeza motsatira malangizo a NEC.
Sungani Malo Oyenera Kuchokera ku Zinthu Zina Zapansi pa Pansi
Muyenera kusunga mpata wokwanira pakati pa mawaya amagetsi obisika ndi makina ena apansi panthaka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chingwe cha madzi chikakhudza mawaya amagetsi apansi panthaka, zingayambitse ngozi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake muyenera kusunga mpata wokwanira pokumba.
Kukhazikika ndi Kugwirizana
Msewu wachitsulo ungayambitse kugwedezeka kwa magetsi, komwe kungakhale koopsa pa moyo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kukhazikika pansi ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chitetezo. Komabe, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira pansi zomwe zalembedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito poyika mawaya m'manda.
Zolakwa Zofala Zomwe Muyenera Kupewa Mukabisa Mawaya Amagetsi Akunja
1- Zolakwika mozama ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ngalande
NEC ikupereka lingaliro loti waya ukhale wozama pang'ono. Ndipo ngati muuphimba wayawo, osanyalanyaza malangizowo, zimabweretsa chiopsezo cha chitetezo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa, chifukwa chosakumba mokwanira, wayawo ukhoza kukwera pamwamba pa nthaka mosavuta, zomwe zingakhale zoopsa.
2- Kugwiritsa Ntchito Waya Wolakwika
Si mitundu yonse ya mawaya yoyenera kuyika mawaya m'manda; muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito omwe alembedwa pa ntchitoyo. Mawaya oika maliro ayenera kudutsa mu mphamvu ndi chinyezi pansi pa nthaka, zomwe waya wamba sangapirire.
3- Kusakaniza Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Mawaya mu Ngalande Imodzi
Chiŵerengero cha mawaya otenthetsera chimasiyana malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ngati muphatikiza mitundu iwiri ya mawaya mu ngalande imodzi, zingayambitse mavuto otenthetsera kwambiri; cholakwika ichi chingayambitsenso kusokonezeka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusakaniza mawaya amtundu womwewo.
4- Chitetezo Chosanyowa
Ngati musiya malekezero a ngalande osatsekedwa, amatha kukhudzana mosavuta ndi chinyezi, zomwe zingakhale zoopsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kutseka malekezero ndikofunikira.
5- Kunyalanyaza Kusintha kwa Ma Code Akomweko
Chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri pobisa mawaya amagetsi ndi kunyalanyaza malangizo am'deralo. Ma code am'deralo amaperekanso malangizo enaake okhudza mawaya obisala, zomwe zingasemphane ndi ma code omwe aperekedwa ndi NEC. M'malo ena, akuluakulu am'deralo ndi okhwima kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto azamalamulo. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kulankhulana ndi akuluakulu am'deralo kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino.
Ibibazo
Muyenera Kudziwa
Pambuyo pa zokambirana zomwe zili pamwambapa, tikukhulupirira kuti mukudziwa bwino kufunika kotsatira khodi ya NEC. Muyenera kuwunika momwe mukugwiritsira ntchito komanso mtundu wa waya kuti musankhe kuya koyenera kwa maliro malinga ndi malingaliro a khodi. Kupatula apo, pali malangizo ena oti mutsatire mu khodiyi, monga kugwiritsa ntchito riboni zochenjeza, kudzaza kumbuyo, masitepe musanakumba, zofunikira za waya, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, posunga malangizo onse a NEC, mutha kukhala ndi mawaya amagetsi obisika panja otetezeka komanso odalirika.
