Inā ʻaʻole ʻālohi kou mau kukui LED ma hope o ka uwea ʻana, mai manaʻo ʻoe ua poino a haki paha. Akā, e nānā inā hoʻokomo ʻia ke kukui ma ka polarity kūpono. Akā he aha ka polarity, a no ke aha he mea nui ia no nā kukui LED?
ʻO ka polarity ke kuhikuhi o ke kahe o kēia manawa i loko o kahi kukui LED a i ʻole kekahi mea uila. Hōʻike ʻia ia e ka hopena maikaʻi (anode) a me ka ʻino (cathode). Pono ʻoe e mālama pono i ka polarity i ka wā e hoʻopili ai i nā kukui LED i ke kumu mana. ʻO ka polarity hewa e keʻakeʻa i ke kahe o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole e ʻā nā kukui.
Makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka polarity o nā kukui LED? E heluhelu i kēia ʻatikala, a e hele pololei ʻoe me ka hoʻonohonoho kukui LED. Ua haʻi wau i kekahi mau ala kūpono e ʻike ai i ka polarity o nā LED. No laila, no ke aha e kali hou ai? E komo i ke kūkākūkā-
He aha kāu manaʻo e ka polarity o nā kukui LED?
ʻO ke kahe o kēia manawa i loko o kahi kukui LED a i ʻole diode he kuhikuhi paʻa, hōʻike ʻia e kona polarity. E like me nā mea uila ʻē aʻe, he hopena maikaʻi (+) a me ka hopena ʻino (-) ke kukui LED. Kapa ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi he anode, a ʻo ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i kapa ʻia ʻo ka cathode. Ke kahe nei ka uila mai ka anode i ka cathode, pono no ke kukui e hoopuka ana. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia kuhikuhi i ka polarity o kahi kukui LED.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i ka polarity e like me nā lāʻau ʻelua o ke kukui LED, kahi maikaʻi kekahi pole (anode) a ʻo kekahi ʻino (cathode). Pono ʻoe e mālama i kēia polarity i ka wā e kau ana i ke kukui e hōʻoia i ka ʻā ʻana o ke kukui.
Ponoʻoe e hoʻohui i ka hopena maikaʻi o ke kukui LED (ke anode) i ka hopena maikaʻi o ka mea hoʻokele a iʻole ke kumu mana a me ka hopena maikaʻiʻole o ke kukui (ka cathode) i ka hopena maikaʻiʻole o ke kumu. Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ka polarity, ʻaʻole e ʻā ka mālamalama.
Pehea e hana ai ka polarity o ke kukui LED?
Hana ʻia nā kukui LED me nā semiconductor kahi e kahe ai ka manawa. Eia naʻe, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ke kahe o kēia manawa o ka semiconductor mai ka uea maʻamau. I loko o kahi semiconductor, a Nā kikowaena PN hana ʻia e nā haumia doping. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau mea haumia i ʻelua mau ʻano - ʻano p-type a me n-type material.
ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā haumia e hana i ka nui o nā lua (nā mea lawe ukana maikaʻi) i loko o ka semiconductor ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia. nā mea ʻano-p. Ma ka lima 'ē aʻe, n-ʻano mea e pili ana i nā mea e hāʻawi ai i ka nui o nā electrons (nā mea lawe uku maikaʻi ʻole). ʻO kahi e hui ai kēia mau mea p-type a me n-type, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka hui PN. Mālama ia i ka holo ʻana o ka uila ma ke ala hoʻokahi, e ālai ana i ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao.
ʻElua mau hopena o kēlā me kēia LED: ka anode (positive) a me ka cathode (negative), e pili ana i nā ʻāpana p a me n. I ka manawa e hoʻopili ai ʻoe i ka anode i ka pahu kūpono a me ka cathode i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ke kumu mana, hoʻomaka ke kahe o kēia manawa. I ka hala ʻana o kēia manawa, neʻe nā electrons mai ka mea n-type i ka mea p-type. Pēlā nō, neʻe nā puka mai ka mea p-type i ka mea n-type. Hoʻohui nā electrons me nā puka i ko lākou neʻe ʻana i ka hui PN. Hoʻokuʻu kēia hoʻohui hou i ka ikehu ma o nā photons, a mākou e ʻike ai he māmā.
NB: Ke kahe nei nā uila ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ke kahe o kēia manawa.
Eia naʻe, pili ke kala o ke kukui i ka semiconductor o LED. Loaʻa iā lākou nā kaula conduction a me valence ma nā ʻaoʻao p a me n. Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau pūʻulu. Ke hāʻule nā electrons mai ka hui conduction a i ka valence band i ka wā o ka hoʻohui hou ʻana, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ikehu e like me ka māmā.
ʻO kēia ikehu māmā i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ua like ia me ka ʻāpana band o ka semiconductor. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻāpana band no nā semiconductor like ʻole. ʻO ia ke kumu i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā semiconductor ʻokoʻa i nā LED e lawe mai i nā kala kukui ʻokoʻa. ʻo kahi laʻana, Gallium Phosphide (GaP) hua ʻulaʻula, melemele, a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, ʻoiai Gallium Nitride (GaN) hoʻohana ʻia no nā LED uliuli a keʻokeʻo.
No ke aʻo ʻana i ka hohonu, e heluhelu i kēia ʻatikala: Pehea e hana ai nā kukui LED Strip?
He mea nui ka Polarity no nā LED?
Pono ka mālama ʻana i ka polarity no nā LED. E hoʻopau ka polarity i ke kaapuni, a ʻaʻole e ʻā kou mau kukui LED. ʻO LED ke kū nei Nā Diodes Māmā. E like me nā diodes ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka LED ke kahe i ka uila ma kahi ʻaoʻao wale nō. Hiki wale kēia ke hoʻonohonoho ʻoe i ke kukui e hahai i ka polarity kūpono.
No ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i nā LED, pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i ka hopena maikaʻi o ke kukui i ka hopena maikaʻi o ke kumu mana. Pēlā nō, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ke kukui i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ke kumu mana. E hōʻoia kēia i ka holo ʻana o kēia manawa ma ke ala i makemake ʻia, e hiki ai i nā electrons ke hui hou a hoʻokuʻu i ka mālamalama.
Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ka polarity, inā hoʻopili ʻoe i ka maikaʻi i ka maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole ke ʻano ʻē aʻe, e kāohi ka LED i kēia manawa. ʻO ka junction PN e loaʻa kahi kahe o kēia manawa, a ʻaʻole e ʻā nā kukui. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i pōʻino nā LED ma muli o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka polarity, e hoʻopilikia kēia i ka hoʻolālā kaapuni. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka LED ke hoʻohana ʻana i ka volta hoʻohuli ma mua o ka helu ʻana o ka uila.
Pehea e ʻike ai i ka polarity o nā kukui LED?
ʻO kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kino o nā kukui LED e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike i ko lākou polarity. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike, aia kekahi mau ala ʻē aʻe; e kūkākūkā kākou iā lākou a pau:
Hanana 1: E nānā i ka lōʻihi o nā alakaʻi
Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka diode, ʻike ʻia nā wāwae ʻelua a i ʻole ke alakaʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka lōʻihi o ka wāwae. ʻO ke alakaʻi lōʻihi ka anode (kūpono maikaʻi), a ʻo ka pōkole ka cathode (negative terminal). Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia he ala lapuwale e ʻike ai i ka polarity. Ua ʻoki ʻia a kūʻai ʻia paha nā wāwae e kūpono i ke kau ʻana me ka ʻole o kahi LED hou. I kēia hihia, pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai i ka polarity o ke LED? E hahai i ke ala aʻe no kēia.
Ka Papa Hana 2: E nānā i ka ʻaoʻao palahalaha a me ka ʻaoʻao puni
E mālama i kou maka i ka pahu plastik alohilohi e ʻimi ai i kahi ʻaoʻao pālahalaha a poepoe paha. Loaʻa i nā LED nā ʻaoʻao pālahalaha kokoke i ka wāwae ʻino a me nā ʻaoʻao pōʻai ma ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi. He mea kōkua kēia no ka ʻike ʻana i ka polarity.
Hanana 3: E ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa o ka pā
E nānā pono i loko o ka pahu LED; hiki ke akaka, ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, melemele, uliuli, a pēlā aku. E ʻike ʻoe i ʻelua papa metala o nā ʻano nui like ʻole. Hoʻopili ʻia ka pā nui i ke alakaʻi maikaʻi ʻole o ka LED, ka cathode. Hoʻopili ʻia ka pā liʻiliʻi i ke alakaʻi maikaʻi, kahi anode LED. No laila, inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou ma ka nānā ʻana i nā alakaʻi/wāwae, e hoʻohana i kēia ʻenehana.
Hanana 4: E hoʻohana i ka Multimeter
ʻO ka multimeter kahi mea uila i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka diode, ka volta, ke au, ke ana kūʻē, a pēlā aku. No ka ʻike ʻana i ka polarity, pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i ka multimeter ma ke ʻano hoʻāʻo diode, i hōʻailona pinepine ʻia me (▶|–).
NB: Inā ʻaʻohe ʻano diode kāu multimeter, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ke ʻano kūʻē (Ω).
Ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke ʻano, e hoʻopili i ka ʻimi ʻulaʻula i ka pahu hoʻokomo kūpono o ka multimeter (kapa pinepine ʻia VΩmA a like paha). Pēlā nō, e hoʻokomo i ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i loko o ka pahu ʻino a maʻamau paha o ka multimeter (i kapa ʻia mail).
E hoʻāʻo i ka LED ma ka hoʻopā ʻana i ka probe ʻulaʻula i kekahi alakaʻi alakaʻi a me ka probe ʻeleʻele i kekahi. E ʻālohilohi ke kukui inā pili ka ʻulaʻula i ka anode (positive terminal) a pili ka ʻeleʻele i ka cathode (negative terminal).
Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻaʻole i hoʻomālamalama ʻia ke kukui, ʻaʻole i kūlike nā probes i ka polarity kūpono. E hoʻohuli i nā ʻōkuhi ma ka hoʻopā ʻana i ka ʻulaʻula i ke alakaʻi ʻē aʻe a ʻeleʻele i ke koena; e ʻike ʻoe i ke kukui e ʻā ana. Ma kēia ala, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hopena maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole o ka LED.
Ka Papa Hana 5: E hoʻohana i ka Bateri Cell Coin
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pākaukau kelepona e like me CR2032, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo koke i nā wāwae maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole o ka LED. No kēia, pono ʻoe e kau i nā wāwae o ke kukui LED ma nā ʻāpana o ka ʻeke kelepona kālā, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei. Inā ʻālohilohi ke kukui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka wāwae e pā ana i ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi o ka pākaukau ʻo ia ka anode (positive) o ke LED. A ʻo ka wāwae e hoʻopā ana i ka pahu ʻino o ka pākaukau, ʻo ia ka cathode (negative) o ke LED. Inā ʻaʻole e ʻā, e hoʻohuli i ke LED a hoʻāʻo hou.
He aha ka hopena inā hoʻihoʻi ʻoe i nā kukui LED i hope?
Inā ʻoe e uea i nā kukui LED i hope, ʻaʻole e ʻā ke kukui. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻeha i ka LED. Inā ʻoe e hoʻāʻo i kahi pili hewa ma ke kuhi hewa, ʻaʻohe mea e hopohopo inā haʻahaʻa ka volta i ka waena. Akā inā pili kāu mau LED i kahi kaapuni kiʻekiʻe-voltage, hiki i ka pilina hewa ke hōʻino i ka LED. No laila, inā ʻoe e hoʻopili i nā kukui LED ma hope a i hope paha, e hoʻoponopono iā lākou ASAP.
Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā diodes hoʻohuli i ke kaapuni ma ke ʻano he pale. He haʻahaʻa loa ka hāʻule ʻana o ka uila i mua ma o ka diode hope (ma kahi o 0.7V no kahi diode silicon maʻamau). He nāwaliwali loa kēia voli no ka hōʻino ʻana i ka diode. Mālama maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka LED mai ka volta hoʻohuli kiʻekiʻe i hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o kona kaha hoʻihoʻi.
Pehea e ʻike ai i ka polarity o ke kukui kukui LED?
ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana o ka PCB hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike maka i ka polarity o ke kāʻei LED. Loaʻa i nā paʻi LED nā pale keleawe. Ma kēlā me kēia pā keleawe, hōʻike nā hōʻailona i ka polarity; e ʻike ʻoe i nā kaha '+' a me '-'. No ka laʻana, he keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ʻōniʻoniʻo LED kala hoʻokahi loaʻa nā hōʻailona maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole; hiki iā ʻoe hoʻohui i ka mea hoʻokele a i ʻole ke kumu mana ma muli o kēia kauoha polarity.
Ma waho aʻe o kēia, e alakaʻi iā ʻoe i ka mālama ʻana i ka polarity ʻoiai ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kaula LED he nui.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole like ka hōʻailona polarity o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻāpana LED. ʻo kahi laʻana, nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo hiki ke hoʻokani ʻia loaʻa paha nā kaha e like me 'C+' a me 'W+' ma kahi o '+' a me '-.' Eia hou, he ʻĀpana LED RGB me kahi anode maʻamau, loaʻa kahi pahu maikaʻi hoʻokahi (anode) kaʻana like ʻia e nā kala ʻekolu (Red, Green, Blue). Pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i ka pahu kūpono (+) i ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi o ka lako mana. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kaha kala like ʻole (R, G, B) i ka honua (negative) ma o kahi mea hoʻoponopono a pololei paha. E kōkua ka pakuhi ma lalo iā ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka manaʻo:
| Ka Papa Hoʻohālike LED Strop Polarity | ||||
| ʻAno ʻĀpana LED | Maikaʻi (+) | Maikaʻi ʻole (-) | Nā Kanika Hou | Kala Uea (Maʻamau) |
| Hoʻokahi waihoʻoluʻu LED Strip | + a i ʻole V+ | – a i ʻole GND | None | ʻulaʻula (Mana), ʻEleʻele (Ka honua) |
| Keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo LED Strip | C+ (Keʻokeʻo ʻoluʻolu), W+ (Keʻokeʻo Pumehana) | ʻĀina Māhele | None | Nā ʻokoʻa (Keʻokeʻo ʻoluʻolu, Keʻokeʻo Pumehana) |
| ʻĀpana LED RGB (Anode maʻamau) | + (Anode maʻamau) | R- (ʻulaʻula), G- ('ōmaʻomaʻo), B- (ʻulaʻula) | Hoʻopili ʻia nā alani pākahi i ka honua | ʻulaʻula (Power), ʻōmaʻomaʻo (Ground no G), Blue (Ground no B), ʻokoʻa (Ground no R) |
| Māhele LED RGB | – (Ka Hoʻomoe Maʻamau) | R+ (ʻulaʻula), G+ ('ōmaʻomaʻo), B+ (ʻulaʻula) | Hoʻopili ʻia nā kaha pākahi me ka maikaʻi | ʻEleʻele (Ground), ʻulaʻula (Power no R), ʻōmaʻomaʻo (Power no G), Polū (Power no B) |
| ʻĀpana LED hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia | + (Mana) | – (Ka honua) | DI (Data In), CI (Clock In) (inā pili) | ʻulaʻula (Mana), ʻEleʻele (Ka honua), ʻokoʻa (ʻIkepili, Uaki) |
NB: Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala uea a me nā hōʻailona polarity no nā hōʻailona like ʻole a mea hana paha.
Ma waho aʻe o ka nānā ʻana i ke kuhikuhi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka multimeter e ʻike i ka polarity o nā ʻāpana LED. E hoʻonoho i ka multimeter i ke ʻano hoʻomau. A laila, e kau i ka multimeter probes ma nā pā keleawe o ke kaula LED. ʻO ke kani beep mai ka hāmeʻa e hōʻike ana i ke kahe ʻana o kēia manawa ma ke ala i mua (ka maikaʻi i ka ʻino ma o ke LED). Hōʻoia kēia i ka polarity kūpono.
Hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia Polarity Strip LED maʻamau
I ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a i ʻole ka uea ʻO nā kukui kukui LED, eia nā pilikia maʻamau āu e alo ai me ka polarity:
Paʻakikī i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka Polarity Mark
Ua paʻi ʻia nā kaha polarity ma ka PCB, a ʻaʻohe mākaʻikaʻi kekahi. Hiki ke liʻiliʻi loa kēia mau kaha no nā ʻāpana haiki e pono ai ʻoe ke kōkua e heluhelu. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou, e hoʻohana i kahi microscope. Inā ʻaʻohe māka, e hoʻohana i ka multimeter. E ʻike koke nā mea Thai i ka polarity o ke kaula LED.
Polarity hewa: ʻAʻole ʻōlinolino
Inā ʻoe e hoʻopili i ka pahu ʻino o ke kukui LED i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka lako mana a i ʻole ka maikaʻi i ka maikaʻi, ʻaʻole e ʻā ke kukui. Wehe i nā pilina a hana hou me ka polarity kūpono.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻoluʻolu e hoʻoheheʻe ana
ʻOiai inā pololei kāu polarity, hiki i ke kukui ke hōʻike i nā pilikia flickering. Hiki kēia ma muli o nā kumu he nui, e like me ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana i ka mea maʻamau. Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpana LED i ka lako mana, inā hemo ka uwea, e hele ka LED i nā pilikia flickering. No kēia, e nānā hou i nā hono a e hōʻoia ua kūpono lākou i kahi pilina ikaika.
Nā pilikia pili uwea
Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui ʻāwī LED i ka wā e hoʻohui ai i kahi kaula LED i kekahi a i ʻole e hoʻopili wale ana i nā ʻāpana LED i ke kumu mana. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa LED kahi mea hoʻopili kikoʻī LED. No ka laʻana, inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi kāʻei LED waihoʻoluʻu hoʻokahi, pono ʻoe i kahi konohiki 2-pin LED strip. Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻohui like no ke kāʻei LED RGB, ʻaʻole e ʻā ke kukui inā ʻoe e mālama i ka polarity. I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻohui 4 PINs LED strip.
No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā pilikia me nā ʻāpana LED, e nānā i kēia- Hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia o ka LED Strip.
FAQs
Panina
Pono ka ʻike ʻana i ke kauoha polarity no ka uwea ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea uila, me nā kukui LED. No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaʻapuni a hōʻoia i ka ʻā ʻana o ke kukui, pono ʻoe e hoʻopili i ka hopena maikaʻi o ke kukui i ka hopena maikaʻi a me ka pahu ʻino i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka mana. Inā he LED puka puka me ʻelua mau alakaʻi a me kahi pāpale poʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wāwae lōʻihi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia ma ka hahai ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao pālahalaha a kani a i ʻole ka nui o ka pā, e like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma ke kūkākūkā.
Eia naʻe, inā e hana ana ʻoe me nā LED SMD (Surface-Mount Device) e like me nā ʻāpana LED, hiki iā ʻoe ke hahai koke i nā hōʻailona e ʻike i ka polarity. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā SMD ma kahi papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia me nā kaha '+' a me '-' i hōʻike ʻia.
Na kēia mau māka e alakaʻi iā ʻoe i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke kukui LED i ka lako mana me ka polarity kūpono. I kēia hihia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hele no kā mākou Nā kukui kukui LEDYi. Loaʻa i kā mākou mau mea paʻa a pau nā kaha polarity i paʻi ʻia me ka pā keleawe. No laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo maʻalahi i ke kukui me ka ʻole o ke kōkua ʻoihana a i ʻole ke koi ʻana o kahi multimeter e ʻike i ka polarity!
