Shin kun taɓa shiga cikin fushi lokacin da haske mai haske ya haskaka ku? Wannan ba shakka yana da damuwa kuma yana haifar da rashin jin daɗi na gani. Don haka, don cece ku daga wannan, zan tattauna anan yadda zaku sami saitin haske mara haske ta la'akari da UGR!
UGR yana auna ƙimar haske don daidaitawa don aikace-aikace daban-daban da lokuta masu amfani. Don haka, la'akari da ƙimar UGR, zaku iya samun haske mai daɗi a cikin sararin ku. Don haka, bari mu shiga cikin cikakkun bayanai:
Menene UGR?
Hasken haske al'amari ne na gama gari amma lamari ne mai matukar tayar da hankali. Don haka, don bin diddigin wannan ƙyalli da samun saitin haske mai daɗi, ƙima mai haɗaɗɗiyar glare (UGR) shine matrix haske mai mahimmanci. Yana la'akari da hasken hasken, girman ɗakin, da sauran abubuwan don ba ku ƙima mai haske da aka annabta.
Don haka, yayin siyan kowane haske, zaku iya tantance ko wannan ƙaƙƙarfan zai haifar da wata matsala mai haske ko a'a. Don amfanin cikin gida, ƙarancin ƙimar UGR shine mafi kyau; za ku sami haske mai ta'aziyya. Amma idan kun ga manyan ƙimar UGR a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai, yana nufin hasken yana ƙoƙarin haifar da ƙarin haske. Amma ba lallai ba ne yana nufin na'urar ba ta da kyau. Ana amfani da manyan fitilun UGR a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai girma akan babban yanki.
Don haka, zaku iya cewa UGR ba ƙayyadaddun lokaci ba ne ko ƙayyadaddun kadarorin kowane kayan aiki. A gaskiya ma ya bambanta don kwan fitila guda ɗaya saboda canje-canje a kusurwar kallo, matsayi na masu kallo, girman / tsayin ɗakin, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, don samun daidaitattun UGR na kayan aiki, dole ne ku yi la'akari da yanayin da ke kewaye da shi da matsayi.
Siffar Glare
a. Nakasa Glare
Shin kun taɓa samun babu komai yayin tuƙi da daddare yayin da fitilun fitilun fitilun suka bugi idanunku? Wannan wankin hangen nesa na ɗan lokaci ana kiransa tawaya. Lokacin da kwatsam haske mai tsananin ƙarfi ya faɗi akan idonka, yana watsewa cikin tsarin gani na ido. Sakamakon haka, ba za ku iya ganin abu a sarari ba. Za ku fuskanci irin wannan hasashe na nakasa idan akwai daidaito mara daidaituwa tsakanin abu da bango.
b. Rashin jin daɗi Glare
Rashin jin daɗi ba ya da alaƙa da ganuwa na abu. Madadin haka, yana nufin bacin rai ko rashin jin daɗi yayin da hasken haske mai ƙarfi ya faɗi cikin idanunku kai tsaye. Rashin jin daɗi ya dogara da hasken tushen hasken, wurinsa, girman walƙiyar, da sauransu. Bayan haka, wannan kuma ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Misali, kai da abokinka kuna zaune tare. Kuna iya samun hasken kan bangon gefe yana kallon ku. Amma abokin da ya fi guntu / tsayi ko kuma zaune a wani kusurwa na daban bazai iya samun jin dadi ba. Don haka, ƙyalli na rashin jin daɗi ya bambanta ga shekaru, lafiyar ido, da yanayin jiki da tunani.
Nau'in Glare
1. Kai Tsaye
Lokacin da hasken haske ya faɗi kai tsaye a cikin idanunku, ana kiransa kai tsaye. Wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon babban haske na kwan fitila da ke faɗowa a fagen ganin ku. Daga saman tsaye, kusurwar hasken kai tsaye yana fitowa daga 45 ~ 85°.
2. Haskakawa
Kafin in kai ga ma'ana ta yau da kullun, bari in share ma'anar kyalkyali da misali. Yi tunanin haske mai haske da ke nuna kan madubi kuma yana walƙiya kai tsaye zuwa idanunku. Kuna samun kwanciyar hankali? Tabbas ba haka bane? Wannan shi ne abin da ke haskakawa. Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin da hasken hasken ke haskakawa zuwa idanunka, yawanci daga saman mai haske ko goge. Wannan na iya zama bango, bene, madubi, ko rufin ɗakin ku.
3. Fassarar Haske
Lokacin da ba za ku iya ganin abu a sarari ba saboda tsananin haske na bango shine abin da muke kira baƙar fata. Misali, kuna da babban taga da aka saita a bayan TV. Hasken rana mai haske yana zuwa ta taga yana haifar da al'amura masu haske don mamaye allon TV. Don haka, ba za ku ji daɗin kallon talabijin ba, hasken daga waje zai ci gaba da buga idanunku.
Ƙimar UGR & Range
Dangane da tasirin haske na kayan aiki, UGR yana daga 5 zuwa 40. Idan kuna son samun haske mara haske, zaɓi na'ura mai ƙarancin UGR. Wannan yana ba ku damar yin aiki cikin kwanciyar hankali ba tare da haifar da rauni na ido ba. Sabanin haka, babban UGR> 28 zai haifar muku da al'amurran da suka wuce kima.
| Darajar UGR | Matsayin Glare |
| UGR <10 | Da kyar ake iya gani |
| UGR 10-16 | Ƙananan haske, haske mai dadi |
| UGR 16-19 | Madaidaicin walƙiya, karɓuwa ga galibin hasken gabaɗaya |
| UGR 19-22 | Za a iya jurewa sanannen haske dangane da aikace-aikacen |
| UGR> 22 | Babban haske, mai yuwuwar haifar da rashin jin daɗi |
Muhimmancin UGR
Wanene ke son haske mai haske yana kallon gaba gaɗi daidai idanuwanku? Ba wai kawai yana tayar da hankali ba amma yana shafar lafiyar ku da lafiyar ku. To, menene mafita? Kawai la'akari da ƙimar UGR kuma shigar da hasken a daidai wurin ta amfani da dabarar da ta dace. Wannan zai kawo muku fa'idodi masu zuwa:
1. Haske mai dadi
Ba za ku iya barin tafiya ba, la'akari da UGR don ƙarancin haske, haske mai daɗi. A ce kawai kun sami kayan aiki bazuwar don ɗakin karatun ku kuma sanya shi a irin wannan wurin wanda kai tsaye ya taɓa idanunku. A irin wannan yanayi, za ku iya mai da hankali kan karatun ku? Tabbas ba; hasken haske daga hasken zai dauke hankalin ku. Don kawar da wannan, je neman fitilun tare da ƙarancin ƙimar UGR.
2. Haɓaka Haɓaka & Aiki
Hasken haske ba wai kawai yana haifar da haushi ba, yana ƙara rinjayar aikin ku. Ba za ku iya zama a kan teburin ku na tsawon lokaci tare da cikakken maida hankali ba. Wannan a ƙarshe yana rage aikinku kuma yana hana aiki. Amma idan kun yi la'akari da ƙimar UGR yayin shigar da hasken, ba za ku fuskanci irin waɗannan batutuwa ba.
3. Lafiya da Lafiya
Ciwon ido da ciwon kai sun zama ruwan dare yayin da kake fuskantar haske mai haske na dogon lokaci. Wannan kuma zai iya haifar da damuwa da matsalolin migraine. Don haka, ba shakka ba za ku yi kasada da lafiyar jikin ku da ta tunanin ku ba don wani abu mai haske, daidai? Mafi kyawun abin da za ku iya yi shi ne je don ƙirar haske da aka tsara da ƙananan kayan aikin UGR.
Ta yaya UGR ke Aiki?
UGR haƙiƙa ƙididdigewa ne na auna jin daɗin gani a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun na'urar haske. Yana la'akari da bangarori da yawa na kwan fitila da ɗakin da za ku shigar da shi. Wannan ya haɗa da haske, girma, da tsayin hasken daga ƙasa. Bayan haka, an haɗa fasalin ɗakin, kamar tsayi, tsayi, nisa, da filaye masu nunawa, a cikin lissafin.
Wannan ba ya ƙare a nan. Don samun sakamako mafi kusa na tasirin haske, ana auna yankin UGR daga kusurwoyin gani daban-daban: giciye da kuma ƙarshe. Don haka, ta yin la'akari da duk waɗannan bangarorin, UGR yana ba ku ƙimar haske don kwan fitila na takamaiman wuri.
Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi UGR
Hasken Hasken Haske
Sanya fitilu guda biyu, ɗayan haske mai girma da kuma wani matsakaicin matsakaici, akan teburin binciken ku. Wanne haske kuka fi samun kwanciyar hankali yayin karantawa akan teburin ku? Yayin da aka sanya fitilun tebur akan tebur kuma nisa tsakanin haske da saman tebur ɗin ƙanƙanta ne, haske mai haske da gaske zai zama da wahala. Darajar UGR don wannan haske mai haske zai kasance mafi girma fiye da wanda ke da ƙananan haske. Don haka, abin da kuka koya daga wannan misalin shine cewa hasken tushen hasken yana da babban tasiri akan UGR.
Girman & Tsayin Dakin
A ce an shigar da haske daga UGR17 a cikin babban ɗaki mai tsayi mai tsayi. Lokacin da kuka sanya kayan aiki iri ɗaya a cikin ƙaramin ɗaki tare da ƙaramin tsayi, ƙimar ƙyalli na iya canzawa zuwa UGR19+. Don haka, tare da haɓaka ko raguwar yanki da tsayin ɗakin, UGR shima yana canzawa.
Abubuwan Da Aka Nuna A Dakin
Yawancin lokaci, nunin rufi na 70%, bangon bango na 50%, da kuma kallon bene na 20% ana la'akari da ma'auni na ɗakin da girman 4H / 8H. Koyaya, tare da canjin kashi na tunani, ƙimar UGR suma suna canzawa. Jadawalin da ke ƙasa zai share wannan:
| Filaye daban-daban na Dakin | Yawan Tunani | |
| Room 1 | Room 2 | |
| rufi | 70% | 30% |
| Wall | 50% | 30% |
| Bene | 20% | 30% |
| UGR | 17.9 | 19.4 |
Angle Of View
Idan an shigar da tushen hasken kai tsaye a sama ko a kusurwa mai kaifi daga gare ku, zai haifar da al'amurra masu haske. Anan, hasken yana fadowa a idanunku a kusurwoyi kai tsaye; don haka UGR zai yi girma. Koyaya, ta hanyar canza matsayin ku, zaku iya rage girman kusurwar abin da ya faru kuma don haka rage UGR.
Yanayin Ido Ko Kayayyakin Kayayyakin gani
Idan kana da myopia, wato, ba za ka iya ganin abubuwa masu nisa a fili ba, kuma kana fuskantar wasu batutuwa masu haske. Hakanan zai faru idan kuna da bushewar ido ciwo ko photophobia. Bayan haka, tare da tsufa, ƙarfin karbuwa na yee shima yana raguwa. Don haka, saitin haske ɗaya bazai yi maka dadi ba, amma tsoho zai iya ganin shi yayi haske sosai. Wato, kodayake ƙimar UGR ta kasance mai dorewa, tsinkayensa ya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum.
Ta yaya ake lissafin UGR?
Hanyar 1: Ƙididdigar UGR ta tushen aikace-aikace
Ƙididdigar UGR na tushen aikace-aikacen yana ma'amala da kimantawa na ainihin lokacin haske. A cikin wannan hanya, dole ne ka sanya hasken a daidai wurin da kake shirin hawan kayan aiki. Na gaba, sanya masu kallo akan maki daban-daban kuma ƙididdige ƙimar haske.
Don lissafin UGR, bi tsarin da ke ƙasa:
| Fahimtar Tsarin UGR | |
| ibãdar | Ma'ana |
| 8 | Matsakaici na dindindin 8 don ƙimar ƙimar tsakanin 10 zuwa 30 |
| lg | Logarithm gama gari wanda ke yin lissafin fahimtar logarithmic mai haske |
| Lb | Darajar hasken baya (cd/m² |
| Σ | Jimlar ta haɗa da duk luminaires dake cikin yankin. |
| L | Ƙimar hasken haske na luminaire ɗaya |
| ω | Ƙaƙƙarfan kusurwar luminaire wanda mai kallo ya gani |
| P | Fihirisar guth tana nuna wurin mai haske game da filin hangen nesa. |
Don gano waɗannan dabi'u, zaku sami ƙwararrun software daban-daban waɗanda ke auna haske. Mafi yawan aikace-aikace sune Dialux, Relux, da AGi32.
Hanyar 2: Luminaire Base UGR Lissafi
Wannan hanya an fi saninta da hanyar tabular. Hanya ce da aka sani da ita wacce CIE ta daidaita. A cikin lissafin UGR tushe mai haske, zaku sami ƙimar UGR daban-daban 190 don girman ɗaki daban-daban da haɗuwar tunani.
Ana ɗaukar girman ɗakin a matsayin maɗaukakin tsayi (H) na ɗakin. Misali, daki na girman 4H/8H yana nufin idan tsayin daki, 'H,' shine 2.5m, tsayinsa shine 4H = (4 x 2.5) = 10m, nisa = 8H = (8 x 2.5) = 20m. A cikin hanyar tabular, girman ɗakin yana iyakance tsakanin 2H zuwa 12H.
Ana yin lissafin a nan daga ra'ayi na mai kallo ɗaya da aka sanya a tsakiyar bangon 1.2m sama da bene. Duk da haka, mai kallo dole ne ya yi la'akari da ra'ayi ta kusurwoyi biyu - a gaba da gaba.
Yadda Ake Karanta UGR TABLE DATA a cikin Rahoton Gwajin?
Bayanan tebur na UGR sun haɗa da abubuwa daban-daban don gano ƙima mai haske. Don karanta rahoton gwajin, ga wasu sharuɗɗan da dole ne ku saba da su:
Halayen Dakin
Bayanan tebur na UGR ya ƙunshi abubuwa uku masu nuna haske na ɗakin a cikin kashi; wadannan su ne:
- Rufi/kogon: Adadin hasken da rufin ɗakin ke nunawa. Wannan yawanci jeri daga 30% (0.3) zuwa 70% (0.7). Don rufin haske ko fari, kashi ya fi girma, kuma ga rufin duhu, tunani yana ƙasa.
- Bango: Adadin hasken da ke nunawa daga saman tsaye ko bangon dakin. Hasken da ya nuna kashi na ganuwar yawanci jeri daga 30% (0.3) zuwa 50% (0.5).
- Jirgin aiki ko bene: Adadin hasken da ke nunawa daga saman aiki ko ƙasa. Wannan ita ce saman kwance don la'akari da hasken haske. Don ƙididdige ƙimar UGR daga matsayi na mai kallo, dole ne kuyi la'akari da wannan jirgin.
Girman Daki
Girman dakin yawanci ana kiran su x, y, da H.
Nan,
- x = Tsawon dakin
- y = Fadin dakin
- H = Tsayin dakin
A cikin ma'auni na UGR, an ƙayyade tsayi da faɗin ɗakin a matsayin tsayi mai yawa, H. Misali, idan ka samu a cikin rahoton x = 4H da y = 2H, yana nufin tsawon ɗakin ya ninka sau hudu tsayinsa. Fadin kuma ya ninka tsayinsa sau biyu.
Hangen Kallo ko Angle
A cikin rahoton UGR, ana auna kyalkyali daga kusurwoyin kallo biyu ko hangen nesa; wadannan su ne kamar haka:
a. Duban Ketare
Ƙimar UGR a ƙarƙashin wannan sashe yana nufin cewa mai kallo ya sami ra'ayi daga gefen ɗakin. Wato, an shigar da kayan aiki tare da tsayin rufin, kuma mai kallo yana samun ra'ayi daga gefen gefe.
b. Ra'ayi na ƙarshe
Ana auna ƙimar UGR a ƙarƙashin ra'ayi na ƙarshe ta hanyar sanya mai kallo a ƙarshen ƙayyadaddun. Wato mai lura yana kallon tsawon hasken.
Hakazalika, ta hanyar ɗaukar madaidaicin ra'ayi na ƙarshe don girman ɗakin dakuna, jimillar ƙimar UGR 190 an jera su akan rahoton gwajin.
Ratio-zuwa- Tsawo
Matsakaicin sarari-zuwa-tsawo yana ƙayyade nisa tsakanin masu haske. Yana da alamar SHR. Matsakaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin SHR shine 0.25 da 1. Darajar UGR ta bambanta don canje-canje a wannan ƙimar.
Yadda ake Rage UGR na shigarwa?
Yi amfani da diffusers: A mafi yawan lokuta, zaku sami babban haske shine dalilin babban UGR. Don warware wannan, gwada fitar da diffusers. Wannan zai rarraba hasken daidai gwargwado ba tare da mayar da hankali ga wata tabbatacciyar hanya ba. Don haka, UGR za a rage zuwa mafi girma.
Sanya kayan ado a kan saman mai sheki: Hasken fitilu daga saman masu sheki yana haifar da kyalli kai tsaye. Don haka, sanya abubuwa na ado a kan fuskar da ke nunawa don ƙirƙirar shinge. Wannan zai rage girman dabi'u masu haske. Misali, sanya labule akan madubai zai rage haske.
Daidaita wurin zama na masu haske: samun daidaitacce fitilu, alal misali, a hasken waƙa? Idan eh, sarrafa UGR yana hannun ku! Canja alkibla da kusurwar hasken kuma duba ko har yanzu kuna jin haske iri ɗaya kamar yadda kuka ji a baya. Ta wannan hanyar ta daidaita wurin haske, zaku iya rage girman UGR don takamaiman jagora ko kusurwar kallo.
Haɗa hasken halitta tare da tushen hasken wucin gadi: lokacin da hasken ya faɗo daga tushen haske guda ɗaya, ƙarfin daga wannan hanya ta musamman yana da girma. Wannan ya ƙare yana haifar da babban UGR. Abin da za ku iya yi shi ne ƙara fitilu masu yawa. Wannan zai karkatar da hankalin ku daga tushe guda kuma ya ba ku haske ko da haske daga kayan aiki da yawa. Bari in raba wani tip- maimakon yin amfani da babban kwan fitila guda ɗaya, koyaushe ku tafi don fitilun lumen matsakaici masu yawa. Wannan zai samar muku da wuri mafi dacewa da haske.
Yi amfani da masu sarrafa haske: Kuna son samun babban iko akan fitilun ku, UGR? Shigar da fitilu tare da a Mai kulawa. Wannan yana ba ku damar daidaita haske da CCT gwargwadon zaɓin jin daɗin ku. Don haka, idan kun sami hasken yana haskakawa daga kowane matsayi, kawai rage haskensa. Wannan zai rage UGR zuwa wani matsayi.
Jagora don Zaɓi Madaidaicin ƙimar UGR don aikace-aikace daban-daban
Ƙananan UGR yana da mahimmanci don ayyuka masu kyau ko ayyukan da ke buƙatar mafi girman matakin maida hankali. Misali- a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, babban hasken UGR na iya haifar da haɗari mai tsanani. Don haka, don irin wannan aikace-aikacen, ana amfani da UGR na 10 zuwa 13, wanda da kyar za ku iya fahimta.
Hakanan, don shagunan siyarwa da na kasuwanci, UGR ≤ 19 yana da kyau. Duk da haka, dole ne ku yi la'akari da girman sararin samaniya. Misali, a cikin manyan kantunan siyayya waɗanda ke buƙatar kwararan fitila masu haske, la'akari da UGR ≤ 22 yana karɓa.
A cikin ginshiƙi na ƙasa, Na ƙara wasu UGR don aikace-aikace daban-daban:
| Aikace-aikace | An ba da shawarar UGR |
| Dakin aiki | 10 |
| Dakin zane, dakin kwana, dakin taro & aji | 16 |
| Ofishi & Kasuwanci | 19 |
| Bakeries, kitchen, & cinema | 22 |
| Aikin masana'antu (lafiya) | 22 |
| Aikin masana'antu (nauyi) | 25 |
| Wuraren da'ira, ɗakunan ajiya, falo, & tituna | 28 |
Koyaya, bin waɗannan bai isa ba. Don samun ingantaccen sakamako, dole ne ku lissafta UGR ta amfani da hanyoyin da ke sama, kamar yadda na tattauna a sama. Har ila yau, ma'auni na lumen na daidaitawa, tsayin shigarwa, da girman abin da ke cikin sararin samaniya.
Menene UGR <19 Hasken Fitsari?
UGR< 19 daidaitaccen haske yana nufin haske mai haske wanda ke samar da UGR kasa da 19. Duk da haka, ana amfani da shi kawai don ƙayyadaddun girman ɗakin da kuma yawan ƙimar tunani. Wannan saboda UGR< 19 ba dukiya ba ne na haske; a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli da matsayi, ƙimar za ta bambanta.
The daidaitaccen ma'auni na UGR <19 Ana la'akari da dacewa da haske don ƙayyadaddun bayanai:
Girman ɗakin = 4H/8H ('H' yana tsaye da tsayi)
Digiri na tunani = bene 20%, bango 50%, da rufi 70%
Duk da haka, a cikin ainihin lokuta, duk ɗakunan ba za su sami irin wannan girma da tunani ba. Abin da ya sa, don la'akari da ƙima mai haske, kuna buƙatar ƙididdige shi don takamaiman aikace-aikace.
Yadda ake Amfani da Ƙimar Glare na UGR a Tsarin Haske?
Duk da yake zayyana haske, Ya kamata ku sayi ƙananan hasken UGR don haskakawa marar haske. Don wannan, dole ne ku yi la'akari da aikace-aikacen don samun ingantaccen kwan fitila mai ƙimar UGR. Misali, idan kuna zane haske don dakin ofis, UGR <19 yayi kyau. Amma idan dakin aiki ne ko wurin da ake buƙatar yin ayyuka tare da cikakken maida hankali, tafi tare da UGR 10 zuwa 16.
Bayan haka, duba teburin UGR don dacewa da ƙima don takamaiman girman ɗakin don samun ingantaccen tasirin haske. Wannan zai taimake ka ka sanya haske don samun haske mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne ku yi la'akari da filaye masu haske na ɗakin yayin amfani da ƙirar haske. Wannan na iya tasiri sosai darajar UGR. Misali, UGR don kwan fitila da aka shigar a cikin dakin 4H x 2H shine 17.8, amma saboda haɓakar tunani, wannan na iya kaiwa 19+. Don haka, yakamata kuyi lissafin UGR na tushen aikace-aikacen don ƙimar UGR ta ainihi.
Koyaya, ban da UGR, yakamata ku sami dama CRI da CCT na kwan fitila don samun saitin hasken da ya ƙare.
Ka'idoji da Ka'idoji Don UGR
TS EN 12464 Haske da walƙiya sun rufe UGR sama da shari'o'in shigarwa 280. Wannan ya haɗa da kowane nau'in aikace-aikacen, kamar makarantu, ofisoshi, asibitoci, wuraren masana'antu, da ƙari. Anan, zaku sami shawarwarin UGR don saitunan gida da waje.
A ƙasa, Na taƙaita maxim UGR wanda BSEN12464 ya ba da shawara don yankunan ciki, ayyuka, da ayyuka:
| Iyakoki na UGR don yankunan ciki, ayyuka, da ayyuka | ||
| Saukewa: BSEN12464 | Nau'in yanki, ɗawainiya, ko aiki (no. na ƙananan sassa) | Matsakaicin UGR |
| 5.1 | Yankunan zirga-zirga a cikin gine-gine (4) | 25-28 |
| 5.2 | Huta, tsafta da dakunan agajin gaggawa (6) | 16-25 |
| 5.3 | Dakunan sarrafawa (2) | 19-25 |
| 5.4 | Dakunan ajiya & shagunan sanyi (2) | 25 |
| 5.5 | Wuraren ajiya (4) | 22 |
| 5.6 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'o'in hannu - Noma (4) | 25 |
| 5.7 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'a - gidajen burodi (2) | 22 |
| 5.8 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'o'i - Siminti, kayan siminti (4) | 25-28 |
| 5.9 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'a - Ceramics, tayal, da sauransu. (7) | 16-28 |
| 5.10 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'a - Chemical, filastik, c da sauransu (8) | 16-28 |
| 5.11 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'o'in hannu - Lantarki & Kayan lantarki (6) | 16-25 |
| 5.12 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'o'in hannu - Kayan abinci, kayan alatu (8) | 16-25 |
| 5.13 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'o'in hannu - Kafa & simintin gyare-gyare (11) | 22-25 |
| 5.14 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'o'i - Masu gyaran gashi (1) | 19 |
| 5.15 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'a - Kayan ado mfg. (4) | 16-19 |
| 5.16 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'o'in hannu - Wanki, bushewar bushewa (4) | 19-25 |
| 5.17 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'o'in hannu - Fata, kayan fata (9) | 16-25 |
| 5.18 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'o'in hannu - Aikin ƙarfe (14) | 19-25 |
| 5.19 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'a - Takarda (3) | 22-25 |
| 5.20 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'o'i - Tashoshin wutar lantarki (5) | 16-28 |
| 5.21 | Printers (5) | 16-19 |
| 5.22 | Ayyukan masana'antu & Sana'o'in - Gishiri, ƙarfe, ƙarfe (9) | 22-28 |
| 5.23 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'o'in hannu - Yadi (13) | 19-28 |
| 5.24 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'a - Motoci (6) | 19-22 |
| 5.25 | Ayyukan masana'antu & sana'a - Itace (9) | 19-28 |
| 5.26 | Ofisoshi (7) | 16-25 |
| 5.27 | Kayayyakin kasuwa (3) | 19-22 |
| 5.28 | Wuraren taron jama'a, wuraren gama gari (4) | 22-15 |
| 5.29 | Wuraren taron jama'a - Gidajen abinci & otal (7) | 19-25 |
| 5.30 | Wuraren taron jama'a - Gidan wasan kwaikwayo, sinima, da sauransu (4) | 22 |
| 5.31 | Wuraren taron jama'a - Baje-kolin kasuwanci da nune-nune (1) | 22 |
| 5.32 | Wuraren taron jama'a - Gidajen tarihi (2) | n / a |
| 5.33 | Wuraren taron jama'a - Laburare (3) | 19 |
| 5.34 | Wuraren taron jama'a - Wuraren motocin jama'a a cikin gida (5) | 19-25 |
| 5.35 | Wuraren ilimi - Makarantar rena, makarantar wasan kwaikwayo (3) | 19-22 |
| 5.36 | Wuraren ilimi - Gine-gine na ilimi (26) | 16-25 |
| 5.37 | Wuraren kula da lafiya - ɗakuna don amfanin gaba ɗaya (8) | 22 |
| 5.38 | Wuraren kula da lafiya - Dakunan ma'aikata (2) | 19 |
| 5.39 | Wuraren kula da lafiya - Ward, dakunan haihuwa (6) | 19-22 |
| 5.40 | Wuraren kula da lafiya - Dakunan gwaje-gwaje (babban) (2) | 19 |
| 5.41 | Wurin kula da lafiya - Dakunan gwajin ido (2) | 19 |
| 5.42 | Wurin kula da lafiya - Dakunan gwajin kunne (2) | 19 |
| 5.43 | Wuraren kula da lafiya - Dakunan Scanner (2) | 19 |
| 5.44 | Wuraren kula da lafiya - Dakunan bayarwa (2) | 19 |
| 5.45 | Wuraren kula da lafiya - Dakunan jiyya (gaba ɗaya) (6 | 19 |
| 5.46 | Wuraren kula da lafiya - Wuraren aiki (3) | 19 |
| 5.47 | Wurin kula da lafiya - Sashin kulawa mai zurfi (4) | 19 |
| 5.48 | Wuraren kula da lafiya - Likitocin hakora (4) | 19 |
| 5.49 | Wuraren kula da lafiya - Laboratories & Pharmacy (2) | 19 |
| 5.50 | Wuraren kula da lafiya - ɗakunan ƙazanta (2) | 22 |
| 5.51 | Wuraren kula da lafiya - dakunan gawawwaki da gawawwaki (2) | 19 |
| 5.52 | Wuraren sufuri - Filayen Jiragen Sama (11) | 16-25 |
| 5.53 | Wuraren sufuri – Gina hanyar jirgin ƙasa (11) | 19-28 |
Lura: UGR da aka ba da shawarar ta BSEN12464 ba dole ba ne a bi; shawara ce kawai. Don ingantaccen aikin haske, tsara hasken ku kuma zaɓi UGR dangane da buƙatun aikace-aikacen lokaci-lokaci.
Iyaka na Hanyar UGR
1. Iyaka na daidaitattun ƙimar takardar bayanan UGR
Ƙimar da kuke samu daga takaddar bayanan UGR ba ƙima ce ta dindindin ba don daidaitawa. Misali, la'akari da daidaitaccen girman ɗakin 4H / 8H da bene na nunin 20%, bangon 50%, da rufin 70%, UGR na haske shine 19. A cikin aikace-aikacen gaske, UGR na iya zama mafi girma ko ƙasa.
2. Iyaka na hanyar tabular UGR
Hanyar tabula ta UGR tana amfani da tsari mai haske, ba ainihin fitilun haske ba. Bayan haka, girman ɗakin a wannan hanyar yana iyakance tsakanin 2H da 12H. Don haka, baya nuna tasirin haske ga ɗakunan da suka fi 12 H ko ƙasa da 2H.
3. Iyaka akan girman tushen haske
Hanyar UGR ba ta da amfani ga hanyoyin haske waɗanda ke rufe ƙaƙƙarfan kusurwa na ƙasa da 0.0003 sr ko fiye da n 0.1 sr. Don haka, idan manyan fitilun suna cikin manyan dakuna masu tsayi masu tsayi, ba za ku iya auna tasirin haske tare da hanyar UGR ba. Don haka, bai dace ba don wankin bango, rufin haske, fitilun fitillu masu daidaitawa (kananan), da sauran filaye ƙanana ko manya-manyan haske.
4. Iyaka saboda shekaru masu alaƙa da canje-canje na gani da kayan aikin gyara hangen nesa
A cikin hanyar UGR, ana saita ƙimar bisa matsakaicin shahararru. Don shekaru da yanayin ido na mutum, ƙimar UGR sun bambanta; wannan yana iyakance daidaitonsa.
5. Iyaka don manyan wurare
Bisa ga CIE 117: 1995, hanyar UGR ba ta da amfani ga manyan zaurukan, misali, daga 7 m zuwa sama. A wannan yanayin, saboda babban tsayin tabo, mai lura yana ganin masu haske a ƙananan kusurwoyi masu ƙarfi. Amma ko da waɗannan ƙananan kusurwoyi daga babban madaidaicin haske na iya haifar da haske mai girma.
FAQs
wrapping Up
Bayan duk waɗannan tattaunawar, tabbas kun fahimci cewa UGR ba ƙima ba ce ta dindindin. Yana canzawa a wurare daban-daban, hasken haske, girman ɗakin, da sauransu. Saboda haka, idan kuna son samun daidaitaccen ƙimar UGR na hasken ku, je don kimantawa na ainihi.
