Kudinga ikhono ukukhanyisa isiteji ngendlela efanele. Uma umumo nemibala kuhlanganiswe kahle futhi kugeleza ndawonye kusethi, kudala umuzwa wokuzwa okwenza yonke enye into esesiteji igqame. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, kudingeka kube nokuxhumana okuningi. Ngesikhathi sokudlala, kungase kube nemithombo yokukhanya eminingi noma amakhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke zisebenza ndawonye ngokushelelayo kudinga ukwazi ukuthi zixhunywa kanjani izinhlobo eziningi zama-electronics. I-DMX-512 ayiyona imfihlo enkulu ebhizinisini lokukhanyisa.
Iphrothokholi ye-DMX-512 ingasetshenziswa cishe yizo zonke izibani ezitholakalayo ezithengiswayo ukuze zikhulume zodwa. Ngezilawuli ezihlukene, ungakwazi ukulawula izibani eziningi ngalolu “limi” lwedijithali.
Amazinga engeziwe asekelwe ku-Ethernet enza kube nokwenzeka ukuthumela idatha ye-DMX-512 phakathi kwamadivayisi nengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi (Art-Net ne-sACN). Abakhiqizi bezinhlelo zokulawula ukukhanyisa basebenzisa i-DMX-512 kakhulu, ngakho-ke noma ubani osebenza ngezinto zesimanje ezishintshayo zokukhanya udinga ukwazi ukuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani i-DMX-512 kukho kokubili okokulungisa kanye nama-consoles.
Iyini i-DMX512?
I-DMX512 iwuhlelo lokulawula izibani kodwa futhi ingalawula ezinye izinto. I-"Digital Multiplex" ikutshela ukuthi isebenza kanjani egameni ngokwalo. Njengesikhala sesikhathi, amaphakethe akha ingxenye enkulu yephrothokholi asho ukuthi imaphi amadivayisi okufanele athole idatha. Ngamanye amazwi, alikho ikheli futhi akukho mininingwane ngalo. Kulokhu, ikheli linqunywa ukuthi iphakethe likuphi.
Eqinisweni, inqubo iqondile. Ungenza ukuxhumana kukagesi ngezixhumi ezingu-5 ze-XLR, kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo ngepheya yomugqa obhalansisiwe (enereferensi engu-0 V). Ungathumela amabhayithi namabhithi kumbobo ye-serial engu-250,000 bps. Izinga le-RS-485 wuhlobo lwesixhumi esibonakalayo sikagesi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-“512” ku-“DMX512” nayo ayilibaleki kakhulu. Le nombolo ibonisa ukuthi iphakethe lingaqukatha kufika ku-512 bytes wedatha (513 ithunyelwa, kodwa eyokuqala ayisetshenziswa). Iphakheji elilodwa lingabamba lonke ulwazi endaweni yonke ye-DMX.
Uma isibani ngasinye sisekela kuphela ukufiphala okuyisisekelo kombala owodwa, njengokukhanya okumhlophe, i-data byte eyodwa ingalawula isibani sokukhanya futhi inikeze amaleveli okukhanya angafika kwangu-255, ukusuka ku-off (zero) ukuya ekuvuleni ngokugcwele (255), lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthi ungakwazi ukulawula amadivayisi angu-512.
Isikimu sokulawula se-RGB esivamile sokulungiswa kokukhanya okubomvu, okuluhlaza, nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sidinga amabhayithi edatha amathathu. Ngamanye amazwi, ungalawula kuphela amadivayisi angu-170 e-RGB ngoba iphakethe (futhi, ngokwengeza, indawo yonke ye-DMX) ingabamba kuphela amabhayithi edatha asebenzisekayo angu-512.
Umlando we-DMX
Ngaphambi kwe-DMX 512, abakhiqizi bokukhanyisa esiteji basebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zezintambo zobunikazi nezingahambelani, okubangele ukudideka okuningi kanye nezintambo ezengeziwe. Kwabe sekwakhiwa izinga le-DMX 512.
I-United States Institute of Theatre Technology (USITT) yenza i-DMX 512 ngo-1986, kwathi i-USITT DMX 512/1990 yaphuma ngo-1990.
I-DMX512 yesimanje, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yenziwe yi-Entertainment Services and Technology Association (ESTA). Ngo-1998, i-ESTA yaqala ukuthumela i-DMX512 ku-American National Standards Institute (ANSI). I-ESTA yenza izinguquko enguqulweni yokugcina ye-DMX512 ngo-2008.
Izisekelo zokulawula i-DMX
Ungabheka okuthi “Digital Multiplex Signal” usebenzisa izinhlamvu ezithi “DMX.” Ngenxa yokuthi ingasebenza ngamashaneli angu-512, ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-DMX 512. Isibani se-RGB “sinamashaneli” amathathu ahlukene noma imibala. Uma ucabanga ngesibani se-RGB, ungase ukwazi ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi siyini “isiteshi”. Umhlaba owodwa we-DMX ungalawula kufika ku-512 monochrome noma amalambu angu-170 RGB. Usebenzisa i-DMX Decoder/Driver, isilungiselelo ngasinye sithola ikheli le-DMX eliyingqayizivele le-512-universe, bese usetha izimo zakho zokukhanyisa ukuze usebenze nalawo makheli.
Liyini ikheli le-DMX?
Isiteshi ngelinye igama lekheli le-DMX. Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezimbalwa ngokwehlukana, uzodinga ukunikeza ngayinye ikheli eliyingqayizivele lokuqala elingeyona ingxenye yeqembu lesiteshi somdlalo.
• Ikheli, elibuye libizwe ngekheli lokuqala, likutshela ukuthi ukukhanya kushunwe kusiphi isiteshi.
• Izilungiselelo zomdlalo zilawulwa umuntu we-DMX, okuyishaneli noma iqembu lamashaneli.
Ezinye izinto ze-DMX zine-dip switch ekuvumela ukuthi ushintshe ikheli lasefekthri elizenzakalelayo.
Iyini indawo yonke?
Emhlabeni we-DMX, kuneziteshi eziphumayo ezingama-512 zekhonsoli. Uma usuyibonile yonke imihlaba engama-512 engenzeka, ungadlulela kwelandelayo futhi uqale phansi kusukela ekuqaleni.
Kuye ngekhonsoli, okuthi “1.214” noma “a.214” kungasetshenziswa ukuchaza lapho ukukhanya okukhona endaweni yonke yokuqala. Amanye ama-consoles abiza indawo yonke yesibili ukusuka ku-513 kuya ku-1024.
Ngemuva kwekhonsoli yakho yokukhanyisa, ungase ubone amalebula anamagama anjengokuthi “Universe 1,” “Universe 2,” “DMX A,” kanye “DMX B,” Isiginali evela endaweni yonke ye-DMX iphuma kulezi zixhumi.
Umhlaba ngamunye udinga intambo yawo ye-DMX, futhi awakwazi ukuhlanganiswa. Ungalindeli ukuthi izibani zikhathalele ubukhona bendawo yonke noma wazi ukuthi ziyini.
Ekukhanyeni, yonke imihlaba ibukeka “iyafana,” futhi okudingeka uzizwe usekhaya kunoma iyiphi yazo isignali ye-DMX. Uma ungawaxhumi amalambu akho emhlabeni olungile, ngeke asebenze ngendlela ofuna asebenze ngayo.
Yimiphi imikhawulo ye-DMX 512?
Ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezincane ezimbalwa, i-DMX iyindlela enhle yokulawula ukukhanya kwethu. Ulayini wezintambo owodwa we-DMX ungaxhumeka kumadivayisi angafika kwangu-32 okungenani.
Njengoba isignali ye-DMX idlula kumalambu akho, iya iba buthaka futhi iba buthaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngeke ukwazi ukuthembela kukho. Izinga lithi izibani ezingama-32 ziyinombolo efanelekile. Kuye ngezinto eziningi, lelo nani lingaba ngaphansi nje kuka-32 noma libe phezulu kakhulu kunalokho. Ukuze uphephe, ungasebenzisi izibani ezingaphezu kuka-16. Uma udinga ukulungisa inkinga yenethiwekhi edinga ukuthi ukhwele isitebhisi noma usebenzise ilifti ukuze ufike esilingini esiphakeme, gcina iqembu lakho lincane futhi uqaphele kakhulu.
Noma amasiginali we-DMX angahamba aze afike ku-1800 izinyawo, noma yini engaphezu kwamamitha angama-500 iyacasula. Amasignali e-DMX angase angazinzi kuye ngokuthi mangaki amalambu axhunyiwe. Uma isignali yakho iqala ukuba yimbi, ungayilungisa ngokushesha ngokuyihlukanisa futhi uyenze ibe namandla.
Iyini i-DMX ehlukanisayo futhi ikhulisa?
Ungathenga i-DMX splitter, ebizwa nangokuthi i-DMX Opto-split noma i-DMX repeater. Uma unezibani eziningi kunesheyini elilodwa le-daisy elingakwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ungakayigcwalisi indawo yonke yakho.
Umphumela ngamunye wesihlukanisi ungathumela idatha kumadivayisi angafika kwangu-32, okukunikeza izinketho ezengeziwe. Lena ukuphela kwendlela yokuhlukanisa okuphakelayo kwakho kwe-DMX kube imigqa engaphezu kowodwa.
Uma uzama ukunweba isignali yakho ye-DMX ngokuhlukana kokwenziwayo (ikhebula elingu-y), uzoba nezinkinga.
Kuwukuhlukanisa okwenziwayo, ngakho-ke ukusebenzisa kokubili ukuxhumana okungu-3-pin kanye no-5-pin ohlangothini oluphumayo lwesakhiwo esinakho kokubili kuzodala izinkinga. Sebenzisa ikhebuli enamaphini angu-3 ukuze ufake i-fixture kanye nekhebula lamaphini angu-5 ukuze uyishiye ukuze unciphise inani lama-adaptha owadingayo.
Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ungase ungene ku-hardware engasebenzi nezinye izingcezu.
Ezinye izinto ezishibhile zingangena kumodi ezenzakalelayo lapho zilahlekelwa idatha. Lezi zakhiwo ezishibhile zithumela ulwazi olungahlali lulungile kwezinye izinto. Lokhu akufanele kwenzeke phakathi nombukiso wakho.
Isihlukanisi se-DMX singabeka ukukhanya ngakunye kulayini waso, ukusigcina singathintwa ezinye izibani. Kufanele uhlale unayo enye yalezi ngoba awazi ukuthi ungayidinga nini.
Iyini i-RS-485?
Izinga le-RS-485 liyindlela yokuxhuma izinto zikagesi. Enye yezintambo zayo ezintathu iyinkomba ephansi noma engu-0V, kanti ezinye ezimbili zisetshenziselwa ukuthumela amasignali ngendlela elinganiselayo. Kuleli bhasi locingo, kunendawo yezisetshenziswa ezingaphezu kweyodwa, kodwa izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ze-DMX zisebenzisa inkosi nesigqila kuphela.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukukhanyisa kungenziwa izingxenye ezingaphezu kweyodwa, iyunithi yokukhanyisa ngayinye ingaba nokuxhumana okubili kwe-RS-485. Ukuxhumana okukodwa okuvela kusilawuli kuya kwenye idivayisi yokukhanyisa ochungechungeni lwe-daisy kusebenza njengesigqila se-RS-485, kanti okunye ukuxhumana kusebenza njengenkosi ye-RS-485.
Okwamanje, kuzobhekwa idivayisi eyodwa kuphela eyinhloko kanye nesigqila esisodwa (ngokujwayelekile idivayisi yesilawuli sokukhanyisa).
U-A no-B ngezinye izikhathi babizwa ngokuthi i-Non-inverting and Inverting, noma nje “+” kanye “-” (kodwa ungawahlanganisi nezixhumi zikagesi ze-DC uma uwabiza kanjalo!). Lezi zintambo ezimbili zithumela amasignali ngaphandle kwesigaba futhi zenze isignali elinganiselayo. Uma intambo yesiginali eyodwa ikuvoltheji ephezulu uma iqhathaniswa nentambo yesithenjwa engu-0V, intambo yesiginali yesibili izoba kuvoltheji ephansi, ngokuphambene nalokho.
Ukuxhumana Kwama-serial
Ngokuxhumana kwe-serial, ibhayithi Yedatha ithunyelwa njengochungechunge lwamabhithi ayisishiyagalombili, neqalo elincane kanye nokuma kancane phakathi. Ibhithi yokuqala ihlala ingu-0, okusho ukuthi isikhathi sebhithi eyodwa sisanda kuqala. Uma usebenzisa i-DMX, amabhithi amabili asethelwe ku-logic 1 abizwa ngokuthi “ama-stop bits.”
Uma ubala ibhithi lokuqala, amabhayithi ayisishiyagalombili, namabili ekugcineni, kukhona ingqikithi yamabhithi ayishumi nanye. Okudingayo ukukubiza uhlaka. Ibhithi ngalinye linobude obungu-4us ngoba ifreyimu ithunyelwa izikhathi ezingu-250,000 ngomzuzwana (ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi ama-baud angu-250,000).
Imininingwane yephrothokholi ye-DMX
Iphrothokholi ye-DMX ithumela isenzo sokuqala kwephakethe kanye nesethi yozimele ngebhasi eliwuchungechunge. Ukuziphatha okulindelekile ukuqala iphakethe, ukuthumela amafreyimu angu-513, bese ulinda (ungenzi lutho) isikhashana ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo futhi. Khumbula ukuthi akubona bonke abalawuli be-DMX abangathumela amafreyimu angu-513 njengendaba nje.
Iziteshi ze-DMX
Ezingeni layo eliyisisekelo, i-DMX-512 iyiqembu lamasethi edatha abizwa ngokuthi “iziteshi.” Igama elithi “Universe” ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza zonke lezi ziteshi. Zonke iziteshi "Emkhathini" zinezela ku-512. Ishaneli ngayinye beyiyinkanyezi ehlukile kumthala. Kodwa ezinhlelweni zokukhanyisa zesimanje ezinezinsimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi, isiteshi ngasinye se-DMX sivame ukuxhunywa kwenye ingxenye yokukhanyisa okuzenzakalelayo.
Isiteshi ngasinye singaba nenani eliphakathi kuka-0 no-255. Okokuqala, i-DMX-512 yenziwe ukuze ilawule ama-dimmers ayisisekelo kuphela, ngakho amanani angu-0-255 wesiteshi ngasinye asetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukuphuma kokukhanya kusuka ku-0-255. Ngale ndlela, umsebenzisi angashintsha ukuthi inani lezibani zethonya elikhulu laligqama kangakanani. Iziteshi ze-DMX manje sezisetshenziselwa ukulawula izinto ezinjengokukhanya, i-pan, nokutshekisa ekulungiseni ukukhanya okuzenzakalelayo namanye amadivaysi okuzijabulisa.
Indawo yonke ye-DMX ingacatshangwa njengeqembu lamashaneli angama-512. Umkhathi ngamunye we-DMX ungaba nevelu eyodwa kwezingama-256 (255 Plus 1 for 0).
Ukulawula ukukhanya usebenzisa amashaneli
Uhlobo ngalunye lwezibani ezizenzakalelayo ludinga ukuba nesigaba esithile somkhathi we-DMX esibekelwe lona. Ngalolu chungechunge lwamashaneli, ungakwazi ukushintsha zonke izingxenye zesibani (ngokuvamile phakathi kwamashaneli ayi-12 kuya kwangu-30). Ukukhanya kulawulwa isiteshi sokuqala sohlelo lwe-DMX, kuyilapho i-pan ne-tilt kulawulwa iziteshi ezimbili nezintathu, ngokulandelana.
Ukukhanya ngakunye kunekheli lakho lokuqala le-DMX, elisitshela ukuthi yisiphi isiteshi endaweni yonke ye-DMX ezoqala ukuthola imiyalo kuso. Imenyu yangaphakathi yohlelo ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukushintsha ikheli lokuqala le-DMX.
Umsebenzisi kufanele aqale “achibiyele” ikhonsoli yokukhanyisa ukuze anikeze uhlobo ngalunye ikheli le-DMX eliyingqayizivele. Manje njengoba ikhonsoli nezibani sezikwazi ukukhuluma, zonke izinhlobo zomlingo zingenzeka. Ikhodi ye-console ingakhetha ukukhanya, iguqule ezinye zezilungiselelo zayo, futhi ilondoloze izinguquko.
Noma okukhiphayo kwekhonsoli kuvame ukukhombisa imininingwane esobala kumanani afundeka umuntu ezintweni ezifana nombala, ukuqina, indawo, nokunye, lezi zinombolo zihlala zihumusha emuva kusethi yamashaneli e-DMX namanani azo ahambisanayo.
I-DMX-512 iyadingeka ukuze uxhumane nezibani ngoba ithumela idatha ebalulekile yokulawula. Kuze kube yilapho kwenziwa ukushintshwa kwephrothokholi ye-DMX-512, kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu osebenza ekukhanyeni ukwazi ukuthi i-DMX-512 isetshenziswa kanjani embonini.
Isendlalelo se-Hardware
Ngenxa yokuthi idokodo lokukhanyisa likude nesiteji, i-DMX512 ivame ukusetshenziswa emabangeni amade. Uma kunomsindo we-electromagnetic nxazonke, isignali iya kude uma ingathathwa kude. Lokhu, kanye neqiniso lokuthi i-DMX ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinomsindo omkhulu kagesi. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi i-RS-485 ikhethwe njengephrothokholi engcono kakhulu yayo.
Ukuze uthole ukuthi lezi zimpawu zisho ukuthini, udinga ukwazi ukusho umehluko phakathi kwentambo yedatha (D+) nentambo yedatha ephambene (D-) (D-). Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi “isignali ehlukile” ngoba silinganisa umehluko. Ukuze umehluko phakathi kwamasignali amabili uhlale ufana.
Amasiginali ahlukile afana ne-RS485 avame ukuthola umsindo mayelana nenani elifanayo kuyo yomibili imigqa yesignali. Ngokukwazi ukubona umehluko phakathi kwamasignali amabili, ukuxhumana okude kuyafinyeleleka. Izinga le-DMX lithi ukugijima okude kakhulu akufanele kube ngaphezu kwamafidi angu-1,000, kodwa i-RS-485 ilinganiselwe ngamafidi angu-4,000.
Noma idatha eminingi ye-DMX ithunyelwa ngezintambo ze-XLR-5, izintambo ze-XLR-3 ezinikwe amandla i-DMX nazo ziyasetshenziswa. Ku-RS-485, udinga imigqa emithathu kuphela: umhlabathi, Idatha+, kanye neDatha-. Leyo migqa emithathu yayivame ukusetshenziswa. Ukuze kulungiselelwe ukukhula okungase kube khona esikhathini esizayo, kwadingeka ukuba kungezwe imigqa yedatha eyengeziwe, ngakho-ke kwenziwa ikhebula le-XLR-5.
Isakhiwo sephakethe
Idatha ye-serial ye-Asynchronous ngaphandle kokulinganisa kanye nezinqamuleli ezimbili zokumisa ithunyelwa njengedatha ye-DMX ngo-250 kbit/s. Ngakho, ibhithi elilodwa noma uphawu lwewashi kuthatha imizuzwana emine ukuthumela. Isakhiwo sephakethe sihle, futhi siqala BREAK ende lapho kuthunyelwa Idatha enomsindo kuphela.
Inani eliphakeme elilandelayo libizwa ngokuthi i-Mark After Break, ehlala isikhathi esifushane (MAB). Into elandelayo yi-Start Code (SC), ethunyelwa njengozimele we-serial we-11-bit onenani elingu-0x00 njengedatha. Kukhona ibhithi eyodwa ephansi, ibhayithi eyodwa yedatha enamabhithi ayisishiyagalombili, namabhithi amabili aphezulu. Ulwazi olwengeziwe kuKhodi Yokuqala lungase futhi lubonise ukuthi hlobo luni lwedatha ye-DMX esephaketheni.
Ikhodi Yokuqala 0x17 ikhombisa iphakethe lombhalo, kuyilapho Ikhodi Yokuqala 0xCC ikhombisa iphakethe Lokulawulwa Kwedivayisi Ekude. Ngemva kweKhodi Yokuqala, yonke idatha ye-DMX ithunyelwa ngozimele abangu-512 abafanayo. Lawa mafreyimu abizwa ngokuthi ama-SLOTs (amanani e-RGB, amanani e-CMY, indawo ye-servo, ukucindezela komshini wenkungu, njll…).
Isikhathi Somaka Phakathi Kozimele (MTBF) esingahlala kufika kusekhondi eligcwele siyaboniswa phakathi kohlaka ngalunye. Ngemuva kozimele bedatha kuza enye i-MTBP engakwazi ukuhlala kuze kube umzuzwana. Kodwa awavamile ukusetshenziselwa ukugcina izinga lozimele liqinile.
Ukukhipha amakhodi kwedatha
Idivayisi yazi kanjani ukuthi iyiphi i-slot yephakethe okufanele ishune? Ungasebenzisa inkinobho ye-DIP ukuze ukhethe i-slot yedatha yokuqala yokulungiswa kwe-DMX.
Ngemuva kwalokho, uhlelo luzolalela inani lezikhala zedatha ezikhethiwe. Isibonelo, uma sikhetha i-slot 12 njengendawo yokuqala, i-RGB dimmer elula izothatha izikhala 12, 13, no-14 futhi ishuniselwe ulwazi olukulezo ziteshi. Izilungiselelo ze-DMX kufanele zengeze eyodwa kusibali sazo sesikhala kusitobhi sesibili sokuma, lokhu kutshela i-microprocessor ukuthi iyiphi isikhala idatha engena lapho kuqala uzimele olandelayo.
Ngakho-ke, ungasetha kabusha ikhawunta noma nini lapho uthola ukuhlukaniswa nomaka. Ungasetha kabusha ngezikhathi ezihlukene, ngakho iphakethe le-DMX akudingeki ligcwalise zonke izikhala ezingu-512. Kodwa inani lezikhala ezidingwa ukulungiswa ngakunye likhawulela ukuthi zingaki izinto ongazifaka ku-Universe eyodwa.
Ukuphathwa Kwedivayisi Ekude (i-RDM)
Indlela yokuphatha idivayisi eyirimothi (i-RDM) esebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-DMX kufanele isetshenziswe ukuze kutholwe ulwazi olumayelana nokulungiswa kwezibani. Ikhodi yokuqala ye-RDM (0xCC) kanye ne-ID yesakhiwo umthetho olandelwayo ofuna ukukhuluma ngaso kuthunyelwa ngephakethe le-DMX512.
Ngaphambi kokuvumela imigqa yedatha, isilawuli sizolinda impendulo. Uma isilawuli sehluleka, singase sizame futhi ngemva kwenani elithile lesikhathi noma siyeke bese siqhubeke. I-RDM iyindlela enhle yokuthola ukuthi yini enye nenye into engayenza uma usanda kuqalisa endaweni engaqondakali.
Ithini i-network topology ye-DMX 512?
Inethiwekhi ye-DMX512 isethwe njengeketango le-daisy, elinebhasi le-multi-drop elixhuma izindawo ezimbalwa. Kunethiwekhi ye-DMX512, kuzoba nesilawuli esiyinhloko esisodwa nanoma yikuphi ukusuka ku-0 kuye kumishini yezigqila eminingi. Ikhonsoli yokukhanyisa elawula inethiwekhi yama-dimmers, imishini yenkungu, amakhanda anyakazayo, namanye amadivayisi angasebenza ne-DMX iyisibonelo sedivayisi eyinhloko nesigqila.
Idivayisi ngayinye yesigqila inokufaka okukodwa kwe-DMX kanye nokukhishwayo kwe-DMX eyodwa noma isixhumi sokukhipha. Okokufaka kwesilawuli kuxhunywe kusigqila sokuqala ngekhebula le-DMX512, futhi okuphumayo kwesigqila sokuqala kuxhunywe kusigqila esilandelayo seketango le-daisy ngenye intambo.
Isendlalelo esibonakalayo se-DMX - Izixhumi nocingo
Idatha ye-8-bit kanambambili isetshenziselwa ukuthumela idatha yedijithali kunethiwekhi yezintambo ezisontekile ezivikelekile. Phakathi kuka-0 no-255, ulwazi lwe-8-bit lungagcina amanani ahlukene angama-256. Ku-binary, izinombolo zisuka ku-00000000 (zero) ziye ku-11111111 (isigidi esisodwa) (255).
Izinga le-EIA-485-A ne-DMX512 zicishe zifane, kodwa i-DMX512 yenza izinguquko ezincane kuzinga le-EIA-485-A. Idatha kanambambili ingathunyelwa ngokulandela indinganiso ye-EIA-485 yamazinga kagesi.
Kuhlelo lwe-DMX512, ibhasi lingaba amamitha angu-1200 ubude kodwa lingaxhuma kuphela izindawo ezingu-32 (3900 ft). Uma inethiwekhi ye-DMX inamanodi angaphezu kuka-32, izihlukanisi ze-DMX ziyadingeka ukuze kuvinjwe inethiwekhi ekubeni ibe nkulu kakhulu.
Izinga langempela le-DMX512 licele ukusetshenziswa kwezixhumi zikagesi ze-XLR ezinamaphini amahlanu (XLR-5) ezinezixhumi zesifazane ukuze kuthunyelwe nezixhumi zesilisa ukuze zamukelwe. Esikhundleni sezixhumi zangempela ze-DMX512, izixhumi ezinephini eliyisishagalombili (8P8C, ezibuye zibizwe ngokuthi “RJ-45”) izixhumi zingasetshenziswa kumasistimu angaguquki lapho Izisetshenziswa zingadingi ukuxhunywa futhi ziphume njalo.
Ezinye izixhumi ze-form-factor zivunyelwe ezindaweni lapho kungeke kusebenze i-XLR noma i-RJ-45. Kodwa lokhu okwezindawo kuphela lapho zizofakwa khona unomphela.
Ungazigwema kanjani izingibe ze-DMX?
Inethiwekhi yedatha eboshwe ngamaketango enezakhiwo zebhasi izohluleka uma ingekho indlela yokuthola nokulungisa amaphutha. Izinkinga eziningi ngokufaka zingalandelelwa emuva ezintamboni ezimfishane kakhulu noma ezimbi kakhulu, noma ekuphazamisekeni kozibuthe kagesi (ukuphazamiseka nokuphuma okumile).
Nalu uhlu ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.
1. Thola iyunithi yokuhlola ye-DMX512. Lokhu kuyadingeka uma ufuna ukuthola nokulungisa amaphutha.
2. Ukusebenzisa izintambo ezifanele kubalulekile. Nge-DMX512, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa izintambo zomugqa wombhobho olinganiselayo.
3. hlola ikhebuli ngayinye ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi isesimweni esihle ngaphambi kokuthi uyifake.
4. Sekela izintambo ze-adapter ye-XLR yesigaba esihlehlayo esinamaphini amahlanu uma usebenza ngamaphini amathathu amukela izamukeli ze-DMX512.
5. Qiniseka ukuthi uzimisile izikhonkwane zomhlaba kumamukeli. Qiniseka ukuthi akukho ukuhlukana phakathi kwe-PIN 1 ne-chassis ngokusebenzisa isihloli sokuqhubeka noma i-multimeter. Faka isihlukanisi se-DMX phakathi kweyunithi nalo lonke iketango ukuze ugcine iketango liqhubeka. Okuwukuphela kwento okufanele i-chassis ixhumeke kuyo indawo ephumayo yekhonsoli.
6. Sebenzisa amabhuloho amahle, njengoba inombolo yesithupha isho. Noma yikuphi ukuxhumeka okungavikelekile kungase kuphuke.
7. Hlukanisa ukuxhumana kwe-DMX. Uzodinga ipulaki yokunqamula uma iyunithi yakho yokugcina ingenawo umsebenzi wokunqamula.
8. Thola ukuthi ingakanani ithrafikhi ye-DMX oyoyithola futhi, uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa abashayeli bezintambo noma izihlukanisi. Indlela elula yokugcina ama-run akho e-DMX512 ehlelekile ukusebenzisa isihlukanisi. Kufanele futhi uxhume umkhiqizo wemishini ngayinye emlenzeni ohlukile wesihlukanisi ogcina kusinqamuli.
9: Cabanga ngendlela ikheli lakho elisethwe ngayo njengamanje. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ezinye izibani zinamaswishi e-DIP asethwe ngendlela ehlukile kunaningi.
10. Ungasebenzisi izintambo ze-DMX eduze kwezintambo zamandla kanye ne-dimmer load load.
11. Qiniseka ukuthi ufunda iziqondiso zomkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa. Akekho owake walinyazwa ngoba befunda incwadi.
Iyini i-daisy chaining?
Ngenxa yokuthi izibani ze-DMX zingaxhunywa ndawonye ochungechungeni, isiteshi esisodwa se-DMX singalawula izibani ezifika kwezingu-32. Ngakho-ke, okukhiphayo komdlalo owodwa kungaxhunywa kokufakiwe kwesinye isikhathi kufika izikhathi ezingama-32! Ngakho-ke, ungakwazi ukulawula izibani eziningi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isilawuli esikhulu (noma ukuba nesimo sekhebula esihlanyayo). Khumbula ukuthi ukuxazulula inkinga uchungechunge lwamalambu angama-32 kungase kube nzima. Kungaba inselele, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza okubukhoma, bese uxazulula inkinga ngeketango ngezibani ezimbalwa.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga ezijwayelekile ze-DMX
Uma usebenzisa i-DMX ezindaweni ezingaphandle ezinonya, akuvamile ukuthi ulungise izinkinga ngokulawula kwe-DMX.
Nakhu okumele ukwenze ukuze uyilungise:
- Ingabe i-DMX ivaliwe? Noma abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi awusidingi isinqamuleli sokunqanyulwa. Ukwenza ngisho noshintsho oluncane kunethiwekhi ye-DMX, njengokwengeza ikhebula, kungabangela isistimu ukuthi iphuke noma kubangele imiphumela engahleliwe. Imithelela efana nokuthi ama-dimmers alokozayo noma amalambu alokozayo uma kufanele ashelele futhi azinze.
- Sinjani isimo sezintambo? Ukunqanyulwa kungenza kube lula ukususa le miphumela. Uma kuphuke ucezu olulodwa kuphela lwedatha, i-DMX ingase isasebenza ngandlela thize. Uma isilawuli sendawo yokukhanya siphukile, ungasebenzisa ikhebula le-jumper ukuze usixhume ngokuqondile emugqeni we-DMX. Uma isebenza manje, i-wiring inkinga.
- Ingabe izinto zisebenza njengoba kufanele? Izinto eziningi zingalimaza abemukeli be-DMX, kodwa ukushaywa kombani kwenzeka kaningi. Uma idivayisi ixhunywe ngokuqondile kumthombo othembekile we-DMX ngekhebuli ethembekile kodwa ingaphenduli ku-DMX, ingase idinge isevisi.
- I-hardware iyisekela kanjani i-DMX? Ingakwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esiphezulu? Ngokwendinganiso ye-DMX512, isikhathi sezindawo zesiginali ye-DMX singasethwa ebangeni elibanzi. Akuwona wonke amadivayisi angakwazi ukuphatha ibanga eligcwele lezikhathi. Ukuze ulungise lokhu, ungashintsha isivinini somkhiqizo wakho we-ETC ukuze usebenze ngezisetshenziswa ezihamba kancane. Uhlu lwamanje lwemikhiqizo ye-ETC lusebenza nesivinini sokuphuma kwe-DMX esingu-Max (okuzenzakalelayo), Fast, Medium, and Slow. Uma idivayisi yakho ye-DMX iqhubeka nokwenza okungalungile ngisho nalapho ixhumeke ngokuqondile kokuphumayo okuthembekile kwe-DMX, zama ukwehlisa isivinini sokuphuma kwe-DMX ukuze ubone ukuthi inkinga iyahamba yini. Bona i-athikili ye-[DMX Speed] ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezivinini ze-DMX.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi ze-DMX512?
Ukusethwa kwe-DMX kungaba usizo ezimweni eziningi. Kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekubukekeni kombukiso wakho okhanyayo, kodwa futhi kunemikhawulo embalwa.
Enye yezinkinga nge-DMX ukuthi idinga izintambo eziningi. Izintambo eziningi zithatha isikhathi esengeziwe ukusethwa. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukuhlela imibukiso yokukhanya eyingqayizivele kusenesikhathi. Kuphinde kuthathe isikhathi esiningi ukulungisa izibani ngesikhathi somcimbi, okungaba inkinga. Ungase udinge abantu abaningi ukuze usebenzise izinhlelo zokukhanyisa, ngakho gcina lokho engqondweni lapho wenza isabelomali.
Kukhona ithuba lokulandelana komsindo kuya ekukhanyeni okuza nedivayisi. Ukuhlelwa komsindo ukuya kokukhanya kungase kubonakale kungcono kunanoma yini ongazihlela yona. I-DMX ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula izibani ezingezinhle kangako.
Enye yezinzuzo eziningi ze-DMX ukuthi isebenza nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nemikhiqizo, ukuze ukwazi ukuzihlela zonke ukuthi zenze into efanayo. Ungashintsha okumisiwe, ngokuvamile okwenziwa kabi. Amaphethini afika nezinye izinto ezikhanyayo zakho ukuze enze igumbi libukeke kangcono futhi asebenzise izibani ngezindlela zokudala. Amakhanda anyakazayo noma izikena zingenza izibani ezingakhonjwa ngezindlela ezithile.
Ukuze kube lula ukulawula izibani, zihambisana nomculo lapho ingoma eshaya kancane iqala, futhi izinhlelo eziningi ezifika nekhompyutha ziba yiqhwa, ikhono lokufanisa isimo sengoma noma ukudlala nombukiso okhanyayo. Ukuvula i-strobing ekuqaleni kwengoma kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuthuthukisa umbukiso wesixuku.
I-Art-Net
I-Art-Net iyiphrothokholi yokuxhumana yamahhala. I-Artnet ithumela iphrothokholi yokulawula ukukhanya kwe-DMX512-A kanye nephrothokholi Yokulawulwa Kwedivayisi Ekude (RDM) nge-inthanethi isebenzisa i-UDP.
[1] Ivumela “amaseva” kanye “nama-node” (njengama-smart light bulbs) ukuthi akhulume.
Iphrothokholi ye-Art-Net iwukusetshenziswa okulula kwephrothokholi ye-DMX512-A nge-UDP futhi isetshenziswa kunethiwekhi yendawo yangasese njenge-Ethernet. Isetshenziselwa ukuthumela idatha yokulawula izibani ngenethiwekhi. Amanodi "angabhalisa" kumanodi "omshicileli", ngakho-ke ama-node A no-B angabhalisela ku-node C, isibonelo. Ezinye izici zokuphatha zifaka phakathi ukuthola ama-node, ukuvuselela amapharamitha wokulawula ama-node, nokuthumela ama-timecode. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthumela nokwamukela ulwazi mayelana nezibani (ulwazi C luzokwenza unicast ulwazi ku-A no-B).
Ulwazi lwesistimu ye-KNX ekulawuleni kwe-dmx512
I-KNX iyindinganiso evulekile eyenza kube lula ukuthi amasistimu ahlukahlukene asekhaya akhulume futhi asebenze ndawonye.
- I-KNX ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule izici ezishintshayo ezizenzakalelayo, izinto zikagesi, nemisebenzi. Ekhaya noma ebhizinisini lakho, ngokushesha nangokuthembekile.
- Izinhlelo ze-KNX ziyavumelana nezimo futhi zingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezakhiwo. Ungayisebenzisela amakhaya anomndeni owodwa, amafulethi amakhulu namahhovisi.
- Idizayini yokukhanyisa nezilawuli zokusebenza kubalulekile ekwenzeni indawo isebenze ngokuphumelelayo. Yonga imali ezindlekweni zamandla futhi ivikela imvelo.
- Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ze-KNX ziyavumelana nezimo futhi zinamandla amaningi, zingasiza ekongeni imali eningi. Ingonga imali ezindlekweni zamandla futhi ingasindisa nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
- Ukushintsha ivolumu yomculo noma ukukhanya kwezibani kunomphumela ofanayo. Asikho isenzo esiwushintshayo umkhathi.
- Ungenza izikhala ezifudumele, ezimemayo ngaphakathi endlini kanye nemibukiso yokukhanya ekhangayo ngaphandle. Ungakwazi futhi ukwenza izindawo ezinethezekile ukuze usebenze futhi uhlale.Ungahlela izibani ukuthi zikhanyise futhi zicishwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze wenze isakhiwo noma ikhaya liphephe kakhudlwana.
- Ungalawula ukuthi angakanani amandla asetshenziswa izibani zakho ukusuka kude ngedivayisi yeselula nezici ezizenzakalelayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Isifinyezo
Uhlelo lokukhanyisa lwe-DMX lwenziwa indinganiso yokukhanyisa esiteji. Ingalawulwa futhi ikhulunywe kusetshenziswa amasignali edijithali. Ngo-1986, i-United States Institute of Theatre Technology (USITT) yaqhamuka nayo. Bayiklama ngendlela yokuthi izibani ezihlukahlukene esiteji noma isethi zikwazi ukusebenzisana ndawonye.
Isilawuli se-DMX esivame kakhulu sineziteshi ezingu-512, futhi ngayinye ingashintsha ukukhanya ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-255. Ukuze isebenze kahle, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Udinga futhi ukufunda izinyathelo okudingeka uzithathe ngaphambi kokuthumela idatha nganoma yisiphi isiteshi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwazi izisekelo zesistimu. Isistimu efana nendlela yokubhekana nokulungisa okukodwa noma ukwenza iqembu lezinto eziqinile ezisondelene ndawonye, njengalezo ezikuphakheji ekhanda elinyakazayo noma amaphaneli ephaneli yethayela le-LED.
Uma usuzazi izinto eziyisisekelo, ungadlala ngezinketho ezahlukene. Ungenza futhi izikimu zakho zokukhanyisa. Uzokwazi ukulawula izibani zakho njengochwepheshe ngemva kokuzijwayeza kancane.
I-LEDYi iyifekthri egxile ekukhiqizeni imichilo ye-LED eyenziwe ngokwezifiso eziphezulu kanye nezibani ze-neon ze-LED. Sinikeza I-DMX512 led strip lights, I-DMX512 neon flex futhi Iwasha odongeni eholwa yi-DMX512. Ngiyacela Xhumana nathi ngokukhululeka uma udinga.
