Ukuba izibane zakho ze-LED azikhanyi emva kocingo, ungazithathi zonakele okanye zophukile. Endaweni yoko, khangela ukuba ukukhanya kufakwe kwi-polarity echanekileyo. Kodwa yintoni i-polarity, kwaye kutheni ibalulekile kwizibane ze-LED?
I-Polarity yindlela yokuhamba kwangoku ngaphakathi kwesibane se-LED okanye nasiphi na isixhobo sombane. Iboniswa nge-positive (anode) kunye ne-negative (cathode) terminals. Kufuneka ugcine ukuhambelana kwi-polarity ngelixa udibanisa izibane ze-LED kumthombo wamandla. I-polarity engalunganga iya kuthintela ukuhamba kwangoku, kwaye izibane aziyi kukhanya.
Ngaba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga ne-polarity yezibane ze-LED? Funda eli nqaku, kwaye uya kuhlala uhamba ngokufanelekileyo ngokufakela ukukhanya kwe-LED. Ndikhankanye iindlela ezisebenzayo zokufumanisa i-polarity yee-LEDs. Ngoko, kutheni ulinde ngakumbi? Ngena kwingxoxo-
Uthetha ukuthini ngePolarity yezibane ze-LED?
Ukuhamba kwangoku ngaphakathi kokukhanya kwe-LED okanye i-diode ine-directional ecacileyo, eboniswa yi-polarity yayo. Njengalo naliphi na elinye icandelo lombane, isibane se-LED sinesiphelo esihle (+) kunye nesibi (-). Isiphelo esihle sibizwa ngokuba yi-anode, kwaye isiphelo esingalunganga sibizwa ngokuba yi-cathode. Umbane uqukuqela ukusuka kwi-anode ukuya kwi-cathode, kubalulekile kwisibane esikhuphayo se-LED. Olu lwalathiso lwaziwa ngokuba yi-polarity yesibane se-LED.
Unokujonga i-polarity njengezibonda ezimbini zokukhanya kwe-LED, apho enye ipali ilungile (i-anode) kwaye enye i-negative (cathode). Kufuneka ugcine le polarity ngelixa ufaka ukukhanya ukuze uqinisekise ukukhanya.
Kufuneka udibanise isiphelo esihle sokukhanya kwe-LED (i-anode) ukuya ekupheleni komqhubi okanye umthombo wamandla kunye nesiphelo esibi sokukhanya (i-cathode) ukuya ekupheleni komthombo. Ukuba i-polarity ayigcinwanga, ukukhanya akuyi kukhanya.
Isebenza njani iPolarity yokukhanya kwe-LED?
Izibane ze-LED zenziwe nge-semiconductors apho ikhoyo ngoku ihamba. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokuhamba kwangoku ye-semiconductor ihluke kuleyo yocingo oluqhelekileyo. Kwi-semiconductor, a I-PN yokudibana yenziwa ngokungcola kwedoping. Oku kungcola kuhlelwe ngokwahlukeneyo-impahla yohlobo lwe-p kunye nohlobo lwe-n.
Izinto ezisetyenziswa njengobumdaka ukwenza ubuninzi bemingxuma (abathwali bentlawulo entle) kwi-semiconductor baziwa ngokuba izixhobo zohlobo lwe-p. Kwelinye icala, n-udidi imathiriyeli ibhekisa kwizinto ezibonelela ngokugqithisileyo kwee-electron (abathwali bentlawulo engalunganga). Indawo apho ezi zixhobo zodidi lwe-p kunye nohlobo lwe-n zidibana khona ibizwa ngokuba yi-PN junction. Iqinisekisa ukuba umbane uhamba ngendlela enye, uvimba ulwalathiso olubuyela umva.
I-LED nganye ineziphelo ezimbini: i-anode (positive) kunye ne-cathode (negative), ehambelana nemimandla ye-p kunye ne-n. Nje ukuba udibanise i-anode kwi-terminal evumayo kunye ne-cathode kwi-terminal engafanelekanga yomthombo wamandla, i-current iqala ukuhamba. Njengoko idlula yangoku, ii-electron ezisuka kwi-n-type material zihamba ziye kwi-p-type material. Ngokufanayo, imingxuma evela kwi-p-type material ihambela kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-n. Ii-electron zidibanisa kunye nemingxuma njengoko zihamba ngaphesheya kwe-PN junction. Olu hlaziyo lukhupha amandla ngeefotoni, esizibona njengokukhanya.
QAPHELA: Ii-electron zihamba kwelinye icala lokuhamba kwangoku.
Nangona kunjalo, umbala wokukhanya uxhomekeke kwi-semiconductor ye-LED. Zineebhendi zokuqhuba kunye ne-valence kumacala omabini we-p kunye no-n. Umahluko phakathi kwala mabhanti ubizwa ngokuba yi-band gaps. Xa ii-electron ziwa ukusuka kwibhendi yokuqhuba ukuya kwibhendi ye-valence ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa, amandla akhululwa njengokukhanya.
La mandla okukhanya akhutshwayo alingana nomsantsa webhendi we-semiconductor. Umsantsa webhendi uyahluka kwii-semiconductors ezahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kusetyenziswa iisemiconductors ezahlukeneyo kwii-LED ukuzisa imibala eyahlukileyo yokukhanya. Umzekelo, I-Gallium Phosphide (GaP) ivelisa ukukhanya okubomvu, okutyheli, okanye okuluhlaza, ngelixa IGallium Nitride (GaN) isetyenziselwa ii-LED eziblue namhlophe.
Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi, funda eli nqaku: Zisebenza njani izibane ze-LED Strip?
Ngaba iPolarity ibalulekile kwii-LEDs?
Ukugcina i-polarity kubalulekile kwii-LEDs. I-polarity eguqukayo iya kuyonakalisa isekethe, kwaye izibane zakho ze-LED aziyi kukhanya. I-LED imele IiDiode eziKhanyayo ezikhuphayo. Njengazo zonke ezinye iidiode, i-LED ivumela umbane ukuba uhambe kuphela kwicala elinye. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ubeka ukukhanya ukulandela i-polarity echanekileyo.
Ukukhanyisa ii-LEDs, kufuneka ujoyine isiphelo esilungileyo sesibane ukuya kwisiphelo esilungileyo somthombo wamandla. Ngokufanayo, isiphelo esibi sokukhanya kufuneka sidityaniswe nesiphelo esibi somthombo wamandla. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwangoku kwicala elifunwayo, okwenza ukuba ii-electron zidibanise kwaye zikhuphe ukukhanya.
Ukuba i-polarity ayigcinwanga, ukuba udibanisa i-positive ukuya kwi-negative okanye i-vice versa, i-LED iya kuvala okwangoku. I-PN junction iya kuba nokuhamba okuqhelekileyo kwangoku, kwaye izibane aziyi kukhanya. Nangona ii-LED zingonakaliswanga ngenxa ye-polarity ebuyela umva, oku kuya kuphazamisa uyilo lwesekethe. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ukusebenzisa amandla ombane abuyele umva ngaphaya komlinganiselo wombane obuya umva we-LED kunokonakalisa i-LED.
Indlela yokubona iPolarity yezibane ze-LED?
Ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo zezibane ze-LED ziya kukunceda ukuba ubone i-polarity yazo. Ukuba awukwazi ukufumanisa, kukho ezinye iindlela; masixoxe ngazo zonke:
Indlela yoku-1: Jonga ubude beeNkokeli
Ukuba ujonga i-diode, imilenze emibini okanye isikhokelo siyabonakala. Unokwahlula ubude bomlenze ngokulula. I-lead ende yi-anode (i-terminal e-positive), kwaye imfutshane yi-cathode (i-terminal e-negative). Nangona kunjalo, le asiyondlela yobudenge yokufumanisa i-polarity. Imilenze inokuba isikiwe okanye yathengiswa ukuze ilingane nofakelo ngaphandle kwe-LED entsha kraca. Kule meko, uya kuchonga njani i-polarity ye-LED? Landela le ndlela ilandelayo.
Indlela yesi-2: Khangela i-Flat Edge kunye ne-Round Side
Gcina iliso lakho kwisingxobo seplastiki esicacileyo ukuze ufumane umphetho osicaba okanye ongqukuva. Ii-LED zinemiphetho ethe tyaba kufutshane nomlenze ongalunganga kunye nemiphetho engqukuva kwicala elilungileyo. Lo ngumqondiso oluncedo wokufumana i-polarity.
Indlela yesi-3: Khangela Umahluko kwiPlate
Nika ujongo olusondeleyo ngaphakathi kwe-casing ye-LED; ziyakwazi ukucaca, zibomvu, ziluhlaza, zityheli, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njl njl. Uya kufumana iipleyiti ezimbini zetsimbi ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo. Ipleyiti enkulu iqhagamshelwe kwi-LED ye-negative lead, i-cathode. Ipleyiti encinci ixhunywe kwisikhokelo esihle, i-anode ye-LED. Ke, ukuba awukwazi ukuzohlula ngokujonga izikhokelo/imilenze, sebenzisa obu buchule.
Indlela yesi-4: Sebenzisa iMultimeter
I-multimeter sisixhobo sombane esisetyenziselwa iimvavanyo ze-diode, i-voltage, i-current, i-resistance measurement, njl. Ine-probes ezimbini (ezibomvu ze-positive kunye ne-black for negative) kunye nomboniso wedijithali. Ukubona i-polarity, kufuneka usete i-multimeter kwimo yovavanyo lwe-diode, edla ngokuphawulwa njengo (▶|–).
QAPHELA: Ukuba i-multimeter yakho ayinayo imo ye-diode, ungasebenzisa imo yokumelana (Ω).
Nje ukuba imowudi isetiwe, qhagamshela iprobe ebomvu kwi-terminal yegalelo elilungileyo le-multimeter (ehlala ibhaliwe VΩmA okanye okufanayo). Ngokufanayo, faka i-probe emnyama kwi-terminal engalunganga okanye eqhelekileyo ye-multimeter (ebhalwe COM).
Vavanya i-LED ngokuchukumisa i-probe ebomvu kwenye i-LED lead kunye ne-black probe kwenye. Ukukhanya kuya kukhanya ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-probe ebomvu idibaniswe ne-anode (i-terminal e-positive) kwaye i-black probe ixhunyiwe kwi-cathode (i-terminal enegative).
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukukhanya akukhanyi, iiprobe azihambelani ne-polarity echanekileyo. Libuyisele umva iingcingo ngokuchukumisa ebomvu uye kwenye ilothe, nomnyama uye kweseleyo; uya kufumana ukukhanya kukhanya. Ngale ndlela, unokubona isiphelo esihle nesibi se-LED.
Indlela yesi-5: Sebenzisa ibhetri yeSeli yemali
Usebenzisa ibhetri yemali eyingqekembe efana neCR2032, unokujonga ngokukhawuleza imilenze ye-LED elungileyo nengalunganga. Kule nto, kufuneka ubeke imilenze ye-LED kwii-terminals zebhetri ye-cell cell, njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi. Ukuba ukukhanya kuyabengezela luzizi, oko kuthetha ukuba umlenze ochukumisa icala lebhetri yi-anode (positive) ye-LED. Kwaye umlenze ochukumisa i-terminal yebhetri engalunganga yi-cathode (negative) ye-LED. Ukuba ayikhanyi, flip i-LED uze uzame kwakhona.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa ufaka izibane ze-LED ngasemva?
Ukuba ufaka izibane ze-LED ngasemva, ukukhanya akuyi kukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, ayiyi kubangela nayiphi na ingozi kwi-LED. Ukuba uzama uxhulumaniso olungalunganga ngempazamo, akukho nto iya koyika xa i-voltage isezantsi ukuya kuphakathi. Kodwa ukuba ii-LED zakho zixhunywe kwisiphaluka esiphezulu se-voltage, uxhumano olungalunganga lungonakalisa i-LED. Ke, ukuba ngempazamo uqhagamshela izibane ze-LED ngasemva okanye ngasemva, zilungise ngokukhawuleza.
Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha iidiode eziguqukayo zibandakanyiwe kwisekethe njengomlinganiselo wokukhusela. Ukuhla kwamandla ombane angaphambili kwidiode engasemva ngokuqhelekileyo kuphantsi kakhulu (malunga ne-0.7V ye-silicon diode eqhelekileyo). Lo mbane ubuthathaka kakhulu ukonakalisa idiode. Ikhusela ngokufanelekileyo i-LED kwi-voltage ephezulu ebuyela umva enokugqithisa i-voltage yayo yokuqhawula umva.
Ungachonga njani iPolarity yokukhanya kwe-LED Strip?
Ukujonga ukumakishwa kwePCB kukuvumela ukuba ubone ngokubonakalayo ubume be-LED strip. Imichilo ye-LED ineepads zethusi. Kwiphepha ngalinye lobhedu, iisimboli zibonisa i-polarity; uya kufumana '+' kunye '-' amanqaku. Ngokomzekelo, umhlophe okanye Umgca we-LED wombala omnye ineempawu ezintle nezimbi; Unga qhagamshela umqhubi okanye umthombo wamandla kulandela olu cwangco.
Ngaphandle koku, iya kukukhokela ekugcineni i-polarity ngelixa Ukudibanisa iintambo ezininzi ze-LED kunye.
Nangona kunjalo, zonke iintlobo zeentambo ze-LED azinayo isalathiso esifanayo. Njengokuba, imicu emhlophe etyekayo inokuba namanqaku afana no-'C+' kunye no-'W+' endaweni ka-'+' kunye no-'-.' Kwakhona, i RGB LED strip nge-anode eqhelekileyo ine-terminal eyodwa evumayo (i-anode) ekwabelwana ngayo ngayo yomithathu imibala (Obomvu, oLuhlaza, oBlue). Kufuneka uqhagamshele i-terminal evumayo (+) kwicala elilungileyo lonikezelo lwamandla. Imijelo yombala ngamnye (R, G, B) idityaniswe phantsi (negative) ngokusebenzisa umlawuli okanye ngokuthe ngqo. Le tshati ingezantsi iya kukunceda ucime lo mba:
| Itshathi yePolarity ye-LED Strop | ||||
| Uhlobo lwesintlu se-LED | Efanelekileyo (+) | Ukungalunganga (-) | Iitshaneli ezongezelelweyo | Umbala weNcingo (Eqhelekileyo) |
| Umbala omnye we-LED Strip | + okanye V+ | okanye GND | nanye | Bomvu (Amandla), Mnyama (Ehlabathini) |
| I-Tunable White Strip ye-LED | C+ (Mhlophe epholileyo), W+ (Mhlophe oBushushu) | Umhlaba ekwabelwana ngawo | nanye | Iyahluka (Mhlophe epholileyo, emhlophe eshushu) |
| RGB LED strip (I-Anode eqhelekileyo) | + (I-Anode eqhelekileyo) | R- (Bomvu), G- (Luhlaza), B- (Bhlowu) | Imijelo yodwa idibanisa emhlabeni | Bomvu (Amandla), Luhlaza (uMgangatho we-G), oBhulowu (uMgangatho we-B), uyahluka (uMgangatho ku-R) |
| I-RGB LED Strip (I-Cathode eqhelekileyo) | – (ICathode eqhelekileyo) | R+ (Bomvu), G+ (Luhlaza), B+ (Bluwu) | Ijelo ngalinye liqhagamshela kwi-positive | Mnyama (Umhlaba), Obomvu (Amandla e-R), luhlaza (Amandla ka-G), aBlue (Amandla e-B) |
| Idilesi ye-LED enedilesi | + (Amandla) | – (Umhlaba) | DI (Data In), CI (Clock In) (ukuba ikhona) | Bomvu (Amandla), Mnyama (Umhlaba), Iyahluka (Idatha, Ikloko) |
QAPHELA: Umbala wocingo kunye neesimboli zepolarity zinokwahluka kwiibrendi ezahlukeneyo okanye abavelisi.
Ngaphandle kokujonga ngokujonga isalathiso, ungasebenzisa i-multimeter ukubona i-polarity yemigca ye-LED. Seta i-multimeter kwimowudi yokuqhubeka. Emva koko, beka i-multimeter probes kwiipads zethusi zomgca we-LED. Isandi se-beep esisuka kwisixhobo sibonisa ukuhamba kwangoku ukuya kwicala eliya phambili (elungileyo ukuya kwi-negative nge-LED). Oku kuqinisekisa i-polarity echanekileyo.
Ukucombulula iingxaki kwiMiba yePolarity ye-Strip ye-LED eqhelekileyo
Ngelixa ukuseta okanye ukufakwa kweengcingo Izibane ze-LED strip, nantsi imiba eqhelekileyo onokuthi ujongane nayo ngepolarity:
Ubunzima ekufumaneni uphawu lwePolarity
Amanqaku e-polarity aprintwa ngokufutshane kakhulu kwi-PCB, kwaye amanye asenokungaphawuli. Olu phawu lunokuba luncinci kakhulu kwimigca emxinwa onokufuna uncedo lokuyifunda. Ukuba akuzifumani, sebenzisa i-microscope. Ukuba akukho manqaku konke konke, sebenzisa i-multimeter. Izixhobo zaseThai ziya kubona ngokukhawuleza i-polarity ye-strip ye-LED.
I-polarity engalunganga: Ukukhanya akukhanyi
Ukuba uqhagamshela isibane esinegethivu sesibane sesibane seLED ukuya kwisiphelo esinegethivu sobonelelo lwamandla okanye ipositive ukuya kweyakhayo, isibane asizukukhanya. Susa imidibaniso kwaye wenze kwakhona nge-polarity echanekileyo.
Uqhagamshelo Olungakhululekiyo Olubangela Ukuqhwanyaza
Nokuba i-polarity yakho ichanekile, ukukhanya kunokubonisa imiba edanyazayo. Oku kunokuba ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, ezifana noqhagamshelo olukhululekileyo olulolona luxhaphakileyo. Xa iintambo ze-LED zixhunyiwe kunikezelo lwamandla, ukuba i-wiring iyancipha, i-LED iya kuhamba ngemiba ephazamisayo. Ngale nto, phinda ujonge amalungu kwaye uqiniseke ukuba akulungele ukunxibelelana olomeleleyo.
Imiba yokuNxibelelana kweeNcingo
Izihlanganisi ze-LED strip zisetyenziswa xa kudityaniswa umcu we-LED komnye okanye ukudibanisa imicu ye-LED kumthombo wamandla. Wonke umahluko we-strip ye-LED unemfuno ethile yesinxibelelanisi somtya we-LED. Umzekelo, ukuba usebenzisa i-strip ye-LED enombala omnye, udinga i-2-pin ye-LED yokudibanisa. Ukuba usebenzisa isinxibelelanisi esifanayo kuluhlu lwe-RGB LED, ukukhanya akuyi kukhanya nokuba ugcina i-polarity. Kule meko, kufuneka usebenzise ii-PIN ze-4 izihlanganisi ze-LED strip.
Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neengxaki ngemicu ye-LED, khangela oku- Ukulungisa iingxaki ze-LED Strip.
FAQs
isiphelo
Ukwazi umyalelo we-polarity kuyimfuneko kwi-wiring okanye ukudibanisa naziphi na izixhobo zombane, kubandakanywa nezibane ze-LED. Ukugqiba isiphaluka kunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhanya kukhanya, kufuneka udibanise i-terminal ye-positive yokukhanya ukuya kwisiphelo esihle kunye nesiphelo esibi kwisiphelo esibi sonikezelo lwamandla. Ukuba yi-LED ephumela emngxunyeni enezikhokelo ezimbini kunye nentloko yentloko, umlenze omde ulungile. Ungakwazi kwakhona ukubona oku ngokulandela icala elithe tyaba nesandi okanye ubungakanani bepleyiti, njengoko benditshilo kwingxoxo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usebenza kunye ne-SMD (i-Surface-Mount Device) ii-LED njengakwimicu ye-LED, unokulandela ngokukhawuleza iisimboli ukufumana i-polarity. Ii-SMDs zicwangciswe ngebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo ebonisa amanqaku '+' kunye no-'-'.
La manqaku aya kukukhokela ekudibaniseni ukukhanya kwe-LED kunikezelo lwamandla kunye ne-polarity echanekileyo. Kule meko, ungaya yethu Izibane ze-LEDYi ze-LED. Zonke izixhobo zethu zineempawu ezicacileyo eziprintiweyo zepolarity kunye nephedi yobhedu. Ke, ungafaka ngokulula isibane ngaphandle koncedo lobuchwephesha okanye imfuneko yemultimeter ukubona i-polarity!
