Yintoni uMahluko phakathi kwe-UVA, UVB, kunye ne-UVC?

By UMartin Wan
Ukuhlaziywa: January 24, 2023

Imitha ye-Ultraviolet okanye i-UV yimitha eyingozi ephuma elangeni. Yenye yeendlela zokusasazeka kwemitha ye-electromagnetic enobude obuphakathi kwe-10 nm ukuya kuma-400 nm. Kwelinye icala, imitha ye-UV enamaza amade abizwa ngokuba yi-ionizing radiations. Nangona kunjalo, intetho enjalo ithathelwa ingqalelo ngenxa yokuba iifotoni azifumani amandla aphezulu afunekayo ukuze i-athomu i-ionize.

Ukuthintela imitha yelanga, iozone yomhlaba inendima ebalulekileyo njengoko iphazamisana nokugqabhuka kwemitha yeUV. Emva kokujonga amaza amandla kunye namandla ephoton, imitha ye-UV yahlulahlulwe yangazintlobo ezintathu: UVA, UVB, kunye ne-UVC.

Kweli nqaku, uya kubona ukuqonda kwi-UVA, UVB, kunye ne-UVC, kunye nomahluko wabo oneenkcukacha.

Isiqulatho zimela

1 UVA Ucacisile

2 UVB Icacisiwe

3 I-UVC icacisiwe

4 Umahluko phakathi kwe-UVA, UVB, & UVC

5 Ukusebenza kwe-UVC ekungasebenzisi ukuphindaphindwa kwe-SARS-CoV-2

6 FAQs

7 isiphelo

8 Izithuba enxulumene

UVA Ucacisile

Enye yeentlobo ezibalulekileyo zemitha ye-ultraviolet yimitha ye-UVA. I-UVA inobude obude kunye ne-electromagnetic spectrum yemitha ye-ultraviolet (UVR). I-UVA idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumhlaza wolusu kunye nokuguga kolusu.

Inokungena lula eluswini kwaye ikhuthaze ukuguga ngaphambi kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, linyathelo lokuqala lokubumba imibimbi, ebizwa ngokuba yifotoaging.

Imitha ye-UVA inoluhlu lwamaza angama-315 - 400 nm. Nangona kunjalo, amandla e-photon ye-3.10 - 3.94 eV, 0.497 - 0.631 eV. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, umgangatho wemitha ye-UVA ungaphezulu ngokuphindwe ngama-500 kunemitha ye-UVB. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kunokugqityezelwa ukuba i-UVA isebenza njengesixhobo sokukhusela ulusu kwaye inqanda ukungena kwemitha ye-UVB.

Njengoko ubude bemitha ye-UVA bubude, ukungena okungenabunzima kuyafunyanwa. Noko ke, le mitha ayifuntshwa lucwecwe lweozone. I-UVA okanye izibane ezimnyama ziqulethe i-violet filter, enika ukukhanya kwe-violet dim.

UVB Icacisiwe

IUVB lolunye uhlobo lwemitha engabonakaliyo ephuma elangeni. Olu hlobo lwemitha yemitha lunegalelo kakhulu ekwenzeni mnyama ulusu kunye nokujiya ngokulula umaleko ongaphandle wolusu. Noko ke, esona sizathu siyintloko sokuba ulusu lube mnyama kukuveliswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwemelanin, ekhuthazwa yimitha yeUVB.

Ukongeza, imitha ye-UVB ikwathatha inxaxheba kumhlaza wolusu ngokuthoba amandla okhuselo lomzimba ukulwa neemeko ezinjalo. Ukucaphuka kwamehlo ngenxa ye-UVB kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-sunscreen ephezulu inokuba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokukhusela umaleko ongaphandle wolusu kwi-UVB.

Ubude be-UVB bungama-280 – 315 nm. Ixabiso lamandla e-photon yi-3.94 - 4.43 eV, 0.631 - 0.710 eV. I-UVB ayinabude obude njenge-UVA kwaye inokufunxwa lula lucwecwe lwe-ozone. Kwinzululwazi yezonyango, imitha ye-UVB isetyenziselwa ukunyanga iingxaki ezininzi zolusu ezifana ne-vitiligo okanye i-psoriasis. Iilaser ezikhethekileyo okanye izibane zisetyenziswa ngexesha lonyango, zikhupha imitha ye-UVB.

I-UVC icacisiwe

I-ozone layer yomhlaba isebenza njengomaleko okhuselayo weplanethi othintela ukungena kwemitha yelanga ye-ultraviolet. Nangona kunjalo, ihlabathi lelanga lisebenza kakhulu malunga nemitha ye-UVC njengoko inokuthintela ngokulula imitha ye-UVC ukuba ifike emhlabeni.

Nangona kunjalo, i-UVC iyintsholongwane, kwaye ke ikwathatha inxaxheba kwi-ultraviolet phototherapy. I-UVC isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuthintela izifo ezihamba emoyeni ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya. Ezi mitha zemitha zithintela ukwanda kweentsholongwane ezibangela naziphi na iziphumo eziyingozi ezongezelelekileyo.

Ubude be-UVC yi-100 - 280 nm, kwaye amandla ayo e-photon yi-4.43 - 12.4 eV kunye ne-0.710 - 1.987 eV. Kwisayensi yezonyango, i-UVC isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuphulukisa amanxeba kwezinye iilaser ezikhethekileyo kunye nezibane. Ngaphezu koko, ukunyanga i-vitiligo kunye ne-psoriasis nge-UVC sesinye sezona zicwangciso zixhaphakileyo ziingcali ezininzi ze-skim.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-UVA, UVB, & UVC

Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa ingezantsi ithelekisa imitha yokukhanya nganye kwiziseko ezahlukeneyo.

Iimbonakalo	I-UVA	UVB	I-UVC
Ubude bamaza (nm)	315 - 400	280 - 315	100 - 280
Ubude bobude bobude	Ubude obude be-UV	Ubude obuphakathi bobude be-UV	Ubude obufutshane be-UV
Amandla efoto (eV, aJ)	3.10 - 3.94,0.497 - 0.631	3.94 - 4.43,0.631 - 0.710	4.43 - 12.4,0.710 - 1.987
Ukufunxwa yi-ozone layer	Iozone layer yomhlaba ayiwufunxi.	I-ozone idla ngokuyifunxa.	I-ozone layer iwufunxa ngokupheleleyo.
ukungena	Iingqimba zangaphakathi zolusu	Inqanaba eliphakathi	Umphezulu ophezulu
Iziphumo	Ukwakhiwa komhlaza wolusu.	Ukutshiswa lilanga kunye ne-melanoma eyingozi.	Ukutshisa okukhulu kwesikhumba kunye nokulimala kwamehlo (photokeratitis).

ngamaza

Ubude beWaveleng buchaza ukolula phakathi kwamanqaku alele kwinqanaba elifanayo lamaza. Nangona kunjalo, ubude bezaza buxhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela amaza ahamba ngayo. Ubude bemitha ye-UV bubonisa indlela amaza anokuhamba ngayo ixesha elide. Ngaphezu koko, ihambisa intshukumo yemiqadi ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye. Ubude be-UVA, i-UVB, kunye ne-UVC yi-315 - 400 nm, 280 - 315 nm, kunye ne-100 - 280 nm.

Amandla ephoton

Amandla athwalwa yiproton enye abizwa ngokuba yiphoton energy. Unokucinga ukuba ubude be-photon buhlala buhambelana ngokungafaniyo namandla ayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-electromagnetic frequency yayo yonyuka ngamandla ephoton. Ngaphezu koko, olu hlobo lwamandla lubonisa ukuphindaphinda kwefoton nganye ngokubhekiselele kwimitha yokukhanya. Ikwachaza ngakumbi ubunzulu bemitha ye-UV.

Ukufunxwa yi-ozone layer

Umaleko weozone womhlaba unokutsala amaza obude ukusuka malunga nama-200 ukuya kuma-310 nm. Nangona kunjalo, ukufunxa kwayo okuphezulu yi-250 nm. I-UVA wavelength yi-315 - 400 nm, ngoko ke i-ozone ayifuni ukuyifunxa. Ubude be-UVB kunye ne-UVC buncinci xa kuthelekiswa, ngoko ke bamanzi ngokuyinxenye kwaye bamanzi ngokupheleleyo, ngokulandelelanayo.

ukungena

Ubude bemitha kunye nobukhulu bemitha ye-UV bumisela amandla okuvelisa emitha. Njengoko i-UVA wavelength isanda, inokungena lula eluswini. I-UVB igqobhoza ukuya kuthi ga kumaleko aphakathi, ngelixa i-UVC inokudibana kuphela nemigangatho ephezulu.

Iziphumo

Uhlobo ngalunye lwemitha ye-UV luxhokonxa imiba eyahlukeneyo yesikhumba. I-UVA isebenza kakhulu ekuvuseleleni umhlaza wolusu. Nangona kunjalo, inokuchazwa kwakhona ukuba isebenza njengenyathelo lokuqala lokuqalisa umhlaza wolusu. Ukuchanabeka kakhulu kwi-UVB kukhokelela ekutshisweni lilanga kunye nokwakheka kwemelanin ngokugqithisileyo, ekhokelela kwi-melanoma eyingozi. Ukubonakaliswa okubukhali kwi-UVC kunokubangela i-photokeratitis, ekhokelela ekubeni bomvu kwamehlo, ukudumba iinkophe, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nokungaboni kakuhle.

Ukusebenza kwe-UVC ekungasebenzisi ukuphindaphindwa kwe-SARS-CoV-2

Ngaba i-UVC iyasebenza ekuvavanyeni i-SARS-CoV-2? Okumangalisayo kukuba impendulo nguewe. Ithomalalisa ngempumelelo usulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2. Ukusebenza kwentsholongwane kuncinci ngokuqwalasela inqanaba le-biosafety 3 (BSL3) iilebhu.

Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zentsholongwane zinokuvavanywa ngokulula ngokwemilinganiselo kunye nokugxila. Ukuba ubuninzi bentsholongwane bubonwa buphezulu, ngoko ke i-3.7 mJ / cm2 idosi ye-UVC yanele.

Le mali yedosi yanele ukuba ingasebenzi umjikelo weseli kwaye ngaloo ndlela inqanda ukuphindaphinda kwentsholongwane. Ukuba umntu ulindele ukuvala yonke inkqubo yokuphindaphinda, umlinganiselo ophezulu we-16.9 mJ / cm2 uyafuneka.

I-UVC sisixhobo esibalulekileyo esinceda ukunqanda ukuphindaphinda kwentsholongwane kuluhlu olubanzi. Ngaphezu koko, amaza amaza emitha ye-UV asebenza kakhulu ekubulaleni iintsholongwane eziyingozi.

Ubude obubanzi be-UVC, i-222 nm, bema njengeyona nto inamandla njenge-disinfectant. Ngaphaya koko, obu bubude obukhethekileyo banele kwaye bukhuselekile ebantwini kwaye ke abuphambuki ngokuchasa impilo. Ke ngoko, ukudibana ne-UVC evela kwi-KrCl excimer kwiindawo ezibanzi kunceda ukudibanisa usulelo lomphezulu wentsholongwane.

I-KrCl* ii-excimers zenza umonakalo kwi-nucleic acid kunye neprotheni eneprotheyini ephezulu yokufunxa ngamaza ajikeleze i-222 nm ukusuka kwi-UVC.

FAQs

Imitha ye-ultraviolet yobude obufutshane iyingozi ngakumbi. Kuzo zonke iintlobo zemitha ye-UV, i-UVC yeyona nto iyonakalisa kakhulu. Amandla okungena e-UVC anqongophele ngenxa yokuba ayikwazi ukuwela i-ozone kwaye ifike emhlabeni.

Sekunjalo, i-UVC iyingozi xa ifunyenwe kwimithombo yamandla yokukhanya eyenziweyo efana nezibane zomphunga zemercury. Nangona kunjalo, ayithathi nxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ekuqaliseni umhlaza wolusu. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kwi-UVC kunokukhokelela kwimiba enzima yolusu kunye nezilonda.

I-UVB yiyo ejongene nokutshiswa lilanga. Nangona kunjalo, le mitha yemitha inokutshabalalisa umphandle kunye nomaleko okhuselayo wolusu kwaye ekugqibeleni isebenze njengenyathelo lokuqala lomhlaza wolusu. Ukuchanabeka kakhulu elangeni kuyonakalisa i-squamous kunye neeseli ze-basal kwaye ngaloo ndlela kukhuthaza umhlaza wolusu. Ugqabhuko-dubulo okanye ukutshiswa lilanga okuphezulu kunokubangela iimeko zolusu ezingenakulungiseka.

I-Melanoma luhlobo lomhlaza wolusu oluqalisa ukuveliswa kwemelanin ngokugqithisileyo. I-UVB isenokwenzeka ukuba iphuhlise imeko enjalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqaliswa kokuveliswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-melanin kubangelwa kukugqatswa kakhulu elangeni. I-UVB yenza uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwi-DNA ekhokelela kuguquko. Nangona kunjalo, ukudumba kolusu sesinye sezilumkiso eziqhelekileyo zemelanoma.

Unokuzikhusela ngokuthwala umnqwazi onobubanzi obubanzi obunokugquma iindlebe, ubuso nentamo ngokulula. Ukongeza, iiglasi zelanga zinokusebenza njengekhaka kumphezulu ojikeleze amehlo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukubeka i-sunscreen ngaphambi kokuba uphume ngaphandle. Ngokuphathelele kwi-sun protection factor (SPF), kubalulekile ukuba ngamaxesha onke kusetyenziswe izinto eziphezulu ukukhusela ulusu kwi-UVA kunye ne-UVB. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ukunxiba i-sunscreen ngalo lonke ixesha okanye ixesha elide akukhuthazwa, nangona kunjalo.

Nangona kunjalo, kuyakhethwa ukunqanda naluphi na unxibelelwano nokukhanya kwemini phakathi kwe-10:00 am kunye ne-4:00 pm ukuze ukhuseleke ngcono. Kwakhona, ukuhlala kwimithunzi kunokunceda ukuthintela ukutshisa kwelanga.

Ngaba ukunxiba iimpahla ezityebileyo kungakhusela nabani na kwimitha yelanga? Impendulo nguewe. Ukunxiba iimpahla ze-semisynthetic okanye ezenziweyo zinokusebenza njengokhuselo kwimitha ye-UV. Ngaphezu koko, iimpahla ezinzima okanye ezishinyeneyo ezinjengoboya kunye nedenim zinokusebenza njengendlela yokuzikhusela kwimitha yelanga.

Akufanelekanga ukwazisa abaphulaphuli ukuba imitha ye-UV yenzelwe ukonakalisa imiqobo yolusu ekhokelela kumhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha imitha ye-UV inokuba ngumgca obonakalayo womzimba. Ikhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-vitamin D, ehambelana ngokuthe ngqo ne-phosphorus kunye ne-calcium absorption.

Nangona kunjalo, i-Vitamin D idlala umlingiswa obalulekileyo ekwakhiweni kwamathambo ngokufunxa i-calcium kunye ne-phosphorus. Le nkqubo inceda ngokuthula ukuqalisa uphuhliso lwamathambo, kunye nokwakheka kweeseli zegazi.

Imitha ye-UV ikwakhuthazwa ukunyanga iimeko zolusu ezinxulumene ne-phototherapy yanamhlanje. Le mitha isebenza ngokubonakalayo ukujongana ne-eczema, i-atopic dermatitis, i-psoriasis, njl.

Isalathisi seUV sisixhobo esilinganisa inqanaba lemitha ye-UV kumphezulu womhlaba. Ikwabonisa ubunzulu bemitha ye-UV. I-UVI ibonelela ngolwazi ngokubaluleka kokuzikhusela kwimitha ye-UV.

Ngokutsho koMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, ukuba i-UVI yi-3 okanye ngaphezulu koko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela ulusu kwimitha yelanga. Ukuba i-UVI iphakathi ko-1 ukuya ku-2, ngoko ithathwa njengephantsi kwaye ke imiselwe njengekhuselekile ukuphuma ngaphandle.

isiphelo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu banengcamango yokuba imitha ye-UV iyingozi. Kodwa kwelinye icala, liye lasebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokucoca kunye necandelo lezonyango. Imiphumo emibi yemitha yeUV ibonakala kangangokuba iye yongamela iindawo zayo ezintle. Emva kokukhangela kwii-subtypes zale miqadi, ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kunokuchazwa ngokulula.

Okothusayo kukuba, i-UVC inokusebenza ngokubonakalayo ekuphindaphindeni okanye ekusasazeni iintsholongwane ze-SARS-CoV-2. Abaphulaphuli bakholelwa ukuba imisebe ye-UV ihlala i-climacteric ukuchaphazela impilo yabantu. Nangona kunjalo, amaza athile emitha ye-UV ahlala eqhutywa ngokufanelekileyo ukusindisa abantu kwintsholongwane ebulalayo etshabalalisa ubukho babo.

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