Awufuni ukuba ikhaya lakho likhanyiselwe ngokugqibeleleyo kuzo zonke iinjongo? Emva koko, ukulandela imigangatho yamanqanaba okukhanyisa kuyimfuneko ukuze uphucule inkqubo yokukhanyisa yekhaya lakho.
Imibutho eyaziwayo efana ne-IES, i-CIBSE, kunye ne-CSA iphuhlise izikhokelo zokukhanyisa ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezithile. Ngokusebenzisa iingcebiso zabo zokukhanya, akuyi kufuneka ukhathazeke ngeemfuno ezibonakalayo zekhaya lakho.
Ngoko ke, makhe singene kwingcebiso yomgangatho wokukhanya kwendlu kwaye sikhanyise indlu yakho ngokugqibeleleyo.
Zithini iiYunithi zamanqanaba okukhanyisa?
Kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba iiyunithi zamanqanaba okukhanya ukusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo isikhokelo se-IES. Ngoko ke, funda icandelo elingezantsi:
- Lumen: I-Lumen ibhekisa kubungakanani bokukhanya okubonakalayo obukhutshwa ngumthombo. Ii-lumens ezingaphezulu zomthombo wokukhanya zithetha ukuphuma okukhanyayo kunye nokubonakala okungcono.
- ubunewunewu: I-Lux yiyunithi yokulinganisa ukukhanya okuwela phezu komphezulu. I-lux enye ilingana ne-lumen enye ngemitha yesikwere. Ukuze wenze imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, kuya kufuneka malunga ne-500 lux yokukhanya kwigumbi lakho. Kwelinye icala, igumbi lakho lokuhlala lokuphumla alidingi ngaphezu kwe-150 lux yokukhanya.
- Ikhandlela leenyawo: Ifana ne-lux xa kubalwa amanqanaba okukhanyisa. Iikhandlela zeenyawo zisetyenziswa kakhulu eMelika. Ikhandlela enye yeenyawo ilingana ne-lumen enye nge-square foot. Kwakhona, ilingana ne-10.764 lux.
Iingenelo Zokulandela Amanqanaba Okukhanyisa Acetyiswayo
- Ukuseta inkqubo yokukhanyisa ngokwemigangatho ecetyiswayo kubonelela ngokubonakala okuphezulu xa kusetyenziswa amandla amancinci.
- Ukuthobela isikhokelo esicetyiswayo kuqinisekisa indawo ekhanyiswe kakuhle.
- Kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuhambahamba kwindawo yokuhlala.
- Amathuba eengozi ngenxa yokukhanya okungafanelekanga ayancipha.
Ingcebiso yeNqanaba lokukhanyisa ngokubanzi kwindawo yakho yokuhlala kwiiyunithi zeLux
| Indawo yokukhanyisa | Lux |
| igumbi lokulala | 215-538 |
| Egumbini lokuhlala | 108-215 |
| Igumbi lokutyela | 108-215 |
| Ikhitshi- izibane eziqhelekileyo | 215-538 |
| Indawo yokupheka ekhitshini | 538-1076 |
| Igumbi lokufundela | 538-1076 |
| igumbi lokuhlambela | 215-538 |
| epasejini | 54-108 |
| Garage | 215-807 |
| Ngaphantsi | 215-1076 |
| Ikhorido kunye nezitebhisi | 100 |
| Igumbi lokuvasa Impahla | 200 |
IES, CIBSE, kunye neCSA: Imigangatho ecetyiswayo yokukhanyisa ekhaya
Umbutho wobuNjineli obukhanyisayo (IES)
I-Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) ligunya lezemfundo nezobuchwepheshe kwihlabathi liphela malunga nokukhanyisa. Lo mbutho wasekwa ngo-1906 ukuze usasaze ulwazi ngemigangatho yokukhanyisa kuluntu. Imigangatho yokukhanyisa ye-IES kwiindawo zokuhlala inikwe ngezantsi.
| Indawo yokukhanyisa | Amakhandlela eenyawo |
| igumbi lokulala | 20-50 |
| Egumbini lokuhlala | 10-20 |
| Igumbi lokutyela | 10-20 |
| Ikhitshi- izibane eziqhelekileyo | 20-50 |
| Ukulungiselela nokupheka ekhitshini | 50-100 |
| Amagumbi Okufunda Nokubhala Okunzima | 50-100 |
| igumbi lokuhlambela | 20-50 |
| epasejini | 5-10 |
| Iworkshop yegaraji | 20-75 |
| Indlu engaphantsi komhlaba- Ukuzilolonga nokuzonwabisa | 30 |
| Igumbi elingaphantsi- Ukuhlamba impahla | 20-100 |
Iziko eliQinisekisiweyo leeNjineli zeNkonzo zoKwakha (i-CIBSE)
I-Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) liqumrhu elinobuchule elisebenza ukuphucula ubunjineli beenkonzo zokwakha. Eli ziko liseLondon libeka izikhokelo kushishino lokwakha.
Imigangatho yokukhanyisa ye-CIBSE kwiindawo zokuhlala yile ilandelayo:
| ummandla | Illuminance (Lux) | Umlinganiselo wokukhanya okulinganiselweyo | Umboniso woMbala oMncinci (Ra) |
| Lounge | 100 - 300 | 19 | 80 |
| ikhitshi | 150 - 300 | - | 80 |
| igumbi lokulala | 150 | - | 80 |
| Umkhumbi | 100 | - | 80 |
Umbutho weMigangatho yaseKhanada (CSA)
Kukho iimfuno ezimbalwa ezibekwe yi-CSA zokukhanyisa izindlu eziquka izikhokelo zegumbi elingaphantsi komhlaba, indawo yokungena, kunye ukukhanya kwegarajiOkokuqala, umnyango wendlu yokuhlala kufuneka ube neplagi yokukhanyisa yangaphandle apho iswitshi yodonga iza kufakelwa khona ngaphakathi kwendlu yokuhlala. Emva koko, amagumbi angaphantsi angagqitywanga kufuneka abe neplagi yokukhanyisa enesixhobo sokukhanyisa kwimitha nganye yesikwere ezingama-30. Kwakhona, iswitshi yeplagi kufutshane nezitebhisi kufuneka ibe phezulu kwezitebhisi. Ngaphezu koko, amagumbi okugcina izinto kunye neegaraji kufuneka zibe nomthombo wokukhanya onesixhobo sokukhanyisa kufutshane neengcango.
Ingcebiso yeNqanaba lokukhanyisa kwiindawo zokuhlala kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokukhanyisa
UkuKhanya ngokubanzi
Ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo kubonelela ngomthombo osisiseko wokukhanya kwindawo ethile. Ii-LED strips, iimodyuli, izikhanyiso, kunye nezikhanyisi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kule njongo. Ngelixa useta ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo, qiniseka ukuba kuhambelana nenqanaba lokukhanya elifunekayo (i-lux) legumbi. Kwakhona, sebenzisa ii-dimmers okanye useto lolawulo ukuze ukonwabele inqanaba lokuguquguquka ekulungiseni ukukhanya.
UkuKhanya ngeAccent
Ukukhanya kwe-accent kuyimfuneko ukuze kugqanyiswe iimpawu zoyilo kunye nokuhombisa kwegumbi. Imicu ye-LED kunye izibane zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekukhanyiseni i-accent. Ungacwangcisa inkqubo yokulawula kwifowuni okanye kwithebhulethi yakho ukuze ulungise ukukhanya okanye umbala ngokwemo yakho.
UkuKhanya komsebenzi
Ukukhanyisa imisebenzi kunika ukukhanya kumsebenzi othile. Uya kufumana izibane ze-LED, iimodyuli, kunye nezikhanyisi zale njongo. Ngaphezu koko, sebenzisa izixhobo ngobulumko kwaye usete isalathiso sombala wonikezelo (CRI) xa uneminyaka engama-98 nangaphezulu xa usenza imisebenzi efana nokupheka, ukufunda, njl.
Iingcebiso zokukhanyisa igumbi ngegumbi
UkuKhanya kweGumbi lokuHlala
Nje, ukukhanya kwegumbi lokuhlala inika umoya ophumlayo. Ukuze ufezekise lo moya, lungisa izibane zomgangatho phakathi kwe-100 kunye ne-150 lux. Ngaphandle koko, dibanisa izibane eziqhelekileyo kunye ukukhanya kwendawo enemithombo efana ne-pendant, isibane sesilingi, okanye izibane ze-cove kwigumbi lakho lokuhlala.
UkuKhanya kweGumbi lokutyela
Sebenzisa izibane ze-LED strip okanye izibane ze-cove ukuseta isibane sangasemva segumbi lokutyela. Emva koko, beka izibane zetafile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngokubhekiselele kwesi sizinda. Ngaphandle koko, lungisa ubushushu bombala wegumbi phakathi 2,700K kunye 3,000K kwaye inqanaba lokukhanyisa kwi-150 lux kwizibane zomgangatho. Kwakhona, itafile kufuneka ibe nokukhanya kwe-150-200 lux kunye ne-CRI 98 yokutyela.
Izibane zegumbi lokulala nelokulala
Ukukhanyisa amagumbi okulala kunye neelounge kufanele kudale imeko-bume ethomalalisayo. Ngoko ke, lungiselela ukukhanya okungathanga ngqo ngemigca ye-LED ngaphakathi kwezibane ze-cove. Kwakhona, faka indawo eyahlukileyo yokukhanyisa ecaleni kwebhedi, njengezibane ezisecaleni kwebhedi okanye izixhobo ezixhonywe eludongeni. Iya kubonelela ngokukhanya kwemisebenzi yokufunda okanye eminye imisebenzi.
Uluhlu lwamanqanaba okukhanyisa kumagumbi okulala luphakathi kwe-50 kunye ne-150 lux kumgangatho womgangatho kunye ne-400 lux kwizibane ezisecaleni kwebhedi. I-CRI yamagumbi okulala kufuneka ibe ubuncinane yi-90 ukuze kufumaneke ukukhanya okufanelekileyo.
Igumbi lokuFunda kunye neZibane zeOfisi yaseKhaya
Faka izibane ngononophelo kwigumbi lakho lokufundela nakwiofisi yasekhaya, nto leyo enceda ekugxileni ngaphandle kokukhathazwa ngamehlo. Ukuze ufikelele kule njongo, seta isibane esingasemva esikhanyayo esinezibane ezikhanyayo kwaye usebenzise izibane zokukhanyisa imisebenzi. Inqanaba lokukhanya kwezibane zedesika kufuneka libe ngaphakathi kwe-400-500 lux.
UkuKhanya kwekhitshi
Njengoko kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezibukhali ekhitshini, kuya kufuneka ubuncinci izibane zemisebenzi ezingama-400 lux apho. faka imicu ye-LED okanye iimodyuli phantsi kweekhabhathi nangaphezulu kwesinki. Kwimigangatho yekhitshi, inqanaba lokukhanya eliyi-150-200 lux lanele. Ngaphezu koko, qiniseka ukuba yonke imithombo yokukhanya isasazeke kakuhle ekhitshini. Ubushushu bombala obucetyiswayo ekhitshini yi-2,700K- 3,000K.
Ukukhanyisa kwegumbi lokuhlambela
Inqanaba lokukhanyisa kumgangatho wegumbi lokuhlambela kufuneka libe phakathi kwe-250-300 lux. Kuya kufuneka ube nenqanaba elifanelekileyo lokukhusela i-IP ukuqinisekisa inqanaba lokungena kwamanzi kwezibane. Ukongeza, sebenzisa izibane ze-LED phezu kwebhafu kunye neshawa kunye nezibane zomsebenzi ezijikeleze izipili ezineesekethe ezahlukeneyo.
UkuKhanya kwePaseji
kuba ukukhanya kwepaseji, inqanaba le-lux kufuneka libe malunga ne-100 lux kumgangatho womgangatho. Kufuneka ufake izibane ecaleni kwezinyuko okanye ngaphezulu kwazo ukuze uhambe ngokukhuselekileyo. Kwakhona, setha inkqubo yokutshintsha-tshintsha iindlela ezimbini phezulu nasezantsi xa ubhabha. Ubushushu bombala obucetyiswayo bumalunga ne-3000 K kwizinyuko nakwiindawo zokufika.
Ukubala Iimfuneko zeLumen zeNdawo Yakho
Ukuqonda iFomula
- Ifomula yemfuneko ye-lumen:
| Ii-lumens ezifunekayo = Indawo yegumbi kwisikwere × Ikhandlela yeenyawo ezicetyiswayo okanye ii-lumens ezifunekayo = Indawo yegumbi kwisikwere seemitha × I-lux ecetyiswayo |
- Ifomula yendawo yegumbi: Yandisa ubude begumbi ngobubanzi balo.
Ukusebenzisa iFomula kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo
- Ukubalwa kwemfuneko ye-lumen kwigumbi lokulala
Ukuba ubude begumbi lokulala buziimitha ezili-12 kwaye ububanzi buziimitha ezili-14, indawo iya kuba yi-12ft × 14ft = 168 square feet. Xa ucinga ngenqanaba lokukhanya elicetyiswayo eliphantsi le-20 fc, imfuneko ye-lumen iya kuba yi-168 × 20 = 3,360 lumens. Emva koko yahlulahlula i-lumens iyonke ngenani leebhalbhu ofuna ukuzifaka kwigumbi lakho lokulala. Kwimeko enjalo, ukuba ufuna iibhalbhu ezine kwigumbi lokulala, uya kufuna iibhalbhu ezilinganayo ezingama-3360 ÷ 4 = 840 okanye ezine ezingama-840 lumens ukuze uhlangabezane nemfuneko ye-lumen iyonke.
Okanye, ukuba ubude nobubanzi begumbi lokulala ziimitha ezi-4 kunye neemitha ezi-5, ngoko ke indawo iyonke iya kuba yi-5×4 = 20 square metres. Emva koko, xa kujongwa umgangatho wokukhanya ocetyiswayo wegumbi lokulala i-215 lux, imfuneko ye-lumen iya kuba yi-20 × 215 = 4300 lumens.
- Ukubalwa kwemfuneko ye-lumen yekhitshi
Xa ubude bekhitshi buziimitha ezili-12, kwaye ububanzi buziimitha ezili-16, indawo iyonke yi-12ft × 16ft = 192 square feet. Ukukhanyisa ngokubanzi, cinga ngomgangatho wokukhanyisa ocetyiswayo njengeekhandlela ezingama-40 foot-candles.
Emva koko imveliso iya kuba yi-192 × 40 = 7,680 lumens. Ukongeza, cinga ngamakhandlela angama-70 eenyawo okukhanyisa imisebenzi kwiikhawuntara ezingama-30 square feet. Emva koko uza kufuna i-30 × 70 = 2,100 lumens. Lilonke, ubungakanani be-lumens ezifunekayo buya kuba yi-(7680 + 2100) = 9,780 lumens zekhitshi.
- Ukubalwa kwemfuneko ye-lumen yegumbi lokuhlambela
Masithi indawo yegumbi lakho lokuhlambela yi-80 square feet. Emva koko uya kufuna i-80 × 30 = 2,400 lumens zokukhanyisa ngokubanzi. Ukongeza, i-lumen efunekayo yokukhanyisa umsebenzi we-vanity iya kuba yi-10 × 80 = 800 lumens. Okokugqibela, isixa sisonke siya kuba yi-3,200 lumens.
Ezinye Izinto Ezichaphazela Iimfuno zeLumen
Ukuphakama kwesilingi
Amanqanaba okukhanyisa acetyiswayo ikakhulu ngamakhandlela eenyawo aqhelekileyo ophahla oluziimitha ezi-8. Ukuba usebenza nophahla oluphezulu, yonyusa ii-lumens ngokulinganayo nokunyuka kweenyawo zophahla. Ngaphezu koko, uya kufuna izixhobo ezine-lumen outputs eziphezulu kunye nee-engile zemitha ezimxinwa kwiiphahla eziphakanyisiweyo.
Umbala Wodonga
Ukuba imibala yodonga ilula, iindonga ziya kubonakalisa ukukhanya okungakumbi kwaye igumbi liya kubonakala likhanya ngakumbi. Emva koko akuyi kufuneka ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Kwelinye icala, kuya kufuneka ii-lumens ezingaphezulu kwiindonga ezinemibala emnyama njengoko imibala emnyama ifunxa ukukhanya.
Ukugqitywa kodonga
Ukugqitywa kodonga oluthambileyo kutsala ukukhanya, ngoko ke kufuneka wonyuse amanqanaba okukhanya nge-10-20% ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno ze-lumen. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukugqitywa kodonga olukhazimlayo kubonisa ukukhanya kwaye kunciphisa imfuneko ye-lumen.
Iintlobo zeZixhobo
Isibane ngasinye sinenjongo eyahlukileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwaso. Umzekelo, ii-wall scones zinciphisa ukukhanya ngokukhupha ukukhanya okungangqalanga, izibane ezijikelezileyo zilungele ukukhanyisa imisebenzi, njalo njalo. Ngoko ke, khetha uhlobo lwesibane olufanelekileyo ukulinganisela ukukhanya kunye neemfuno ze-lumen zegumbi lakho.
Iingcebiso zokuqinisekisa ukuba izibane zakho ziyahlangabezana namanqanaba acetyiswayo
- Jonga amanqanaba okukhanya: Okokuqala, linganisa ubungakanani bokukhanya kwegumbi lakho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ungalibali ukusebenzisa imitha yokukhanya ukuze ufumane amaxabiso achanekileyo amanqanaba okukhanya.
- Hlangana neMigqaliselo eNcinci: Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba inkqubo yokukhanyisa iyahlangabezana nezona lumens zincinci zicetyiswayo. Emva koko ungongeza izibane ezongezelelweyo ngokweemfuno zakho.
- Thenga Izinto Ezinokunyibilika: Kufuneka usebenzise ii-dimmers kwizibane ezikhupha amandla aphezulu.
- Kuphephe Ukukhanyisa Okugqithisileyo Okanye Ukukhanyisa Okungaphantsi: Ukuze uphephe ukukhanya okugqithisileyo, faka iibhalbhu ezisezantsi ezinee-dimmers kwaye wongeze ii-diffusers. Kwakhona, susa izithunzi egumbini usebenzisa izibane zomsebenzi kunye nezixhobo zokubeka kwakhona.
- Sebenzisa i-Natural Daylight: Hlanganisa ukukhanya kwelanga kwendalo kunye nenkqubo yakho yokukhanyisa ukuze ufumane ii-lumens ezifunekayo. Kwakhona, ukukhanya kwendalo kuya kukunika intuthuzelo ebonakalayo.
- Gxila kwizibane ezisebenzisa amandla kakuhle Umthombo: Ungasebenzisa iibhalbhu ze-LED njengendlela yokonga umbane. Ukongeza, iya konga iindleko zakho zombane.
- Sebenzisa UkuKhanya okuLayered: Yenza uyilo oluneeleyara olunezibane ezijikelezayo, imisebenzi, kunye nezibane ezibonisa ingqwalasela. Olu hlobo lokukhanya oluneeleyara luya kusasaza ukukhanya ngokulinganayo kwaye lusebenzele iinjongo ezahlukeneyo.
FAQs
The Line Bottom
Kufuneka ube nolwazi oluhle ngamanqanaba okukhanya acetyiswayo ukuze uphephe ukukhanyisa ngaphantsi okanye ukukhanyisa kakhulu indlu yakho. Kwakhona, cinga ngombala wodonga, ukuphakama kwesilingi, uhlobo lwesixhobo, kunye nenjongo yegumbi ngelixa ubala imfuneko ye-lumen yegumbi ngalinye. Ngaloo ndlela, ungafumana inkqubo yokukhanyisa eqinileyo nesebenzayo endlwini yakho.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ukukhanya okunesitayile kwindawo yakho yokuhlala, Imichilo ye-LED zezona zikhetho zakho ozithandayo. Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zemveli, zinomzimba oguquguqukayo nobhityileyo onokuwusika ukuze uchaze ubungakanani. Ngaphezu koko, ungenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zakho zokukhanyisa. Ke, khetha umgangatho ophezulu Imichilo ye-LED evela kwi-LEDYi kwaye unyuse izibane zakho zokuhlala ziye kwinqanaba elilandelayo!
