Haeba mabone a hau a LED a sa khanye ka mor'a ho roala, u se ke ua nka hore a senyehile kapa a robehile. Ho e-na le hoo, hlahloba hore na lebone le kentsoe sebakeng se nepahetseng sa polarity. Empa polarity ke eng, hona ke hobane'ng ha e le ea bohlokoa bakeng sa mabone a LED?
Polarity ke tataiso ea phallo ea hajoale ka har'a lebone la LED kapa sesebelisoa leha e le sefe sa motlakase. E bontšoa ke li-terminals tse ntle (anode) le tse mpe (cathode). U hloka ho boloka botsitso ho polarity ha u ntse u hokela mabone a LED mohloling oa matla. Polarity e fosahetseng e tla sitisa phallo ea hona joale, 'me mabone a ke ke a khanya.
U batla ho tseba haholoanyane ka polarity ea mabone a LED? Bala sengoloa sena, 'me u tla lula u tsamaea hantle ka ho kenya lebone la LED. Ke boletse mekhoa e meng e sebetsang ea ho lemoha polarity ea li-LED. Joale, ke hobane'ng ha u emetse ho feta? Kena lipuisanong-
U Bolela'ng ka Polarity ea Mabone a LED?
Phallo ea hona joale ka har'a leseli la LED kapa diode e na le tataiso e tobileng, e bontšitsoeng ke polarity ea eona. Joalo ka karolo efe kapa efe ea motlakase, lebone la LED le na le pheletso e ntle (+) le e mpe (-). Qetello e ntle e bitsoa anode, 'me pheletso e mpe e bitsoa cathode. Motlakase o phalla ho tloha ho anode ho ea ho cathode, oa bohlokoa bakeng sa lebone le ntšang LED. Taelo ena e tsejoa e le polarity ea lebone la LED.
U ka nka polarity e le lipalo tse peli tsa lebone la LED, moo palo e le 'ngoe e ntle (anode)' me e 'ngoe e le mpe (cathode). U tlameha ho boloka polarity ena ha u ntse u kenya lebone ho netefatsa hore leseli lea khanya.
U hloka ho hokahanya pheletso e ntle ea leseli la LED (anode) ho ea pheletsong e ntle ea mokhanni kapa mohloli oa matla le pheletso e mpe ea leseli (cathode) ho isa pheletsong e mpe ea mohloli. Haeba polarity e sa hlokomeloe, leseli le ke ke la khanya.
Polarity ea Leseli la LED e sebetsa Joang?
Mabone a LED a entsoe ka li-semiconductors tseo hona joale li phallang ka tsona. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa oa ho phalla hona joale oa semiconductor o fapane le oa terata e tloaelehileng. Ka semiconductor, a Motheo oa PN e hlahisoa ke litšila tsa doping. Litšila tsena li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli - thepa ea mofuta oa p le mofuta oa n.
Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang e le litšila ho theha masoba a mangata (li-carriers tse ntle) ho semiconductor li tsejoa e le. lisebelisoa tsa mofuta oa p. Ka hlakoreng le leng, thepa ea mofuta oa n e bua ka lisebelisoa tse fanang ka li-electrone tse feteletseng (li-carriers tse mpe). Sebaka seo lisebelisoa tsena tsa mofuta oa p le mofuta oa n li kopanang ho sona se bitsoa PN junction. E netefatsa hore motlakase o phalla ka tsela e le 'ngoe, e thibela tsela e ka morao.
LED ka 'ngoe e na le lipheletsong tse peli: anode (positive) le cathode (negative), e tsamaellanang le libaka tsa p le n. Hang ha o hokahanya anode ho terminal e ntle le cathode ho terminal e mpe ea mohloli oa matla, hona joale e qala ho phalla. Ha nako e ntse e feta, lielektrone tse tsoang ho mofuta oa n-mofuta li ea ho mofuta oa p. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, masoba a tsoang ho mofuta oa p-a tsamaea a lebile thepa ea mofuta oa n. Li-electrone li kopana le masoba ha li ntse li tsamaea ho pholletsa le mateano a PN. Kopano ena e ncha e ntša matla ka li-photon, tseo re li bonang e le leseli.
NB: Lielektrone li phalla ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng la phallo ea hona joale.
Leha ho le joalo, 'mala oa leseli o itšetlehile ka semiconductor ea LED. Li na le lihlopha tsa conduction le valence mahlakoreng ka bobeli a p le n. Phapang pakeng tsa lihlopha tsena e bitsoa likheo tsa lihlopha. Ha li-electrone li oa ho tloha sehlopheng sa conduction ho ea sehlopheng sa valence nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya hape, matla a lokolloa e le leseli.
Matla ana a khanyang a hlahisoang a lekana le lekhalo la sehlopha sa semiconductor. Lekhalo la sehlopha le fapana bakeng sa li-semiconductors tse fapaneng. Ke ka lebaka leo li-semiconductors tse fapaneng li sebelisoang ho li-LED ho tlisa mebala e fapaneng ea khanya. Ka mohlala, Gallium Phosphide (GaP) e hlahisa khanya e khubelu, e mosehla, kapa e tala, athe Gallium Nitride (GaN) e sebelisoa bakeng sa li-LED tse putsoa le tse tšoeu.
Ho ithuta haholoanyane, bala sengoloa sena: Mabone a Strip a LED a sebetsa Joang?
Na Polarity e Bohlokoa Bakeng sa li-LED?
Ho boloka polarity ho bohlokoa bakeng sa li-LED. Polarity e ka morao e tla senya potoloho, 'me mabone a hau a LED a ke ke a khanya. LED e emetse Li-Diode tse Khanyang tse Emitting. Joaloka li-diode tse ling kaofela, LED e lumella motlakase ho phalla ka lehlakoreng le le leng feela. Sena se ka khoneha feela ha u beha leseli ho latela polarity e nepahetseng.
Ho bonesa li-LED, u tlameha ho ikopanya le pheletso e ntle ea lebone ho pheletso e ntle ea mohloli oa matla. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, pheletso e mpe ea leseli e lokela ho hokahanngoa le pheletso e mpe ea mohloli oa matla. Sena se tla netefatsa phallo ea hajoale ka tsela e lakatsehang, e nolofalletsang lielektrone ho kopana hape le ho ntša leseli.
Haeba polarity e sa hlokomeloe, haeba u kopanya hantle ho e mpe kapa ka tsela e fapaneng, LED e tla thibela hona joale. PN junction e tla ba le phallo e atileng ea hona joale, 'me mabone a ke ke a khanya. Leha li-LED li sa senyeha ka lebaka la polarity e ka morao, sena se tla sitisa moralo oa potoloho. Leha ho le joalo, maemong a mang, ho sebelisa reverse voltage ho feta tekanyo ea reverse voltage ea LED ho ka senya LED.
Mokhoa oa ho bona Polarity ea mabone a LED?
Likarolo tse ling tsa 'mele tsa mabone a LED li tla u thusa ho bona polarity ea bona. Haeba u sa khone ho tseba, ho na le litsela tse ling hape; ha re buisaneng ka tsona kaofela.
Mokhoa oa 1: Hlahloba Bolelele ba Leads
Haeba u sheba diode, maoto a mabeli kapa li-lead li bonahala. U ka khetholla bolelele ba leoto habonolo. Loto e telele ke anode (positive terminal), 'me e khutšoanyane ke cathode (negative terminal). Leha ho le joalo, ena ha se mokhoa o hlokang kelello oa ho lemoha polarity. Maoto a ne a ka 'na a khaoloa kapa a rekisoa hore a lekane ho kenngoa ntle le LED e ncha. Tabeng ena, u tla tseba joang polarity ea LED? Latela mokhoa o latelang oa sena.
Mokhoa oa 2: Batla Flat Edge & Round Side
Beha leihlo la hau holim'a mokotla oa polasetiki o bonaletsang ho fumana ntlha e bataletseng kapa e chitja. Li-LED li na le mahlakore a bataletseng haufi le leoto le fosahetseng le mahlakoreng a pota-potileng ka lehlakoreng le nepahetseng. Ena ke leseli le thusang ho lemoha polarity.
Mokhoa oa 3: Lemoha Phapano ea Plate
Ela hloko ka hare ho lesela la LED; li ka ba tse hlakileng, tse khubelu, tse tala, tse mosehla, tse putsoa, joalo-joalo Empa tsena hangata li na le pepenene, kahoo u ka bona habonolo ka hare. U tla fumana lipoleiti tse peli tsa tšepe tsa boholo bo fapaneng. Letlapa le leholoanyane le hokahane le mothapo o mobe oa LED, e leng cathode. Letlapa le lenyenyane le hokahane le moetapele o motle, anode ea LED. Ka hona, haeba u sa khone ho li khetholla ka ho shebella pele / maoto, sebelisa mokhoa ona.
Mokhoa oa 4: Sebelisa Multimeter
Multimeter ke sesebelisoa sa motlakase se sebelisetsoang liteko tsa diode, voltage, current, resistance measure, joalo-joalo E na le li-probes tse peli (tse khubelu bakeng sa positive le black for negative) le pontšo ea digital. Ho bona polarity, o tlameha ho beha multimeter mokhoeng oa tlhahlobo ea diode, eo hangata e tšoantšetsoang e le (▶|–).
NB: Haeba multimeter ea hau e se na mokhoa oa diode, u ka sebelisa mokhoa oa ho hanyetsa (Ω).
Hang ha mokhoa o se o hlophisitsoe, hokahanya probe e khubelu ho terminal e ntle ea ho kenya multimeter (hangata e ngotsoe VΩmA kapa tse tshoanang le tsona). Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, kenya probe e ntšo sebakeng se fosahetseng kapa se tloaelehileng sa multimeter (e ngotsoeng COM).
Lekola LED ka ho ts'oara probe e khubelu ho lead lead e le 'ngoe le probe e ntšo ho e 'ngoe. Leseli le tla khanya ka lerootho haeba probe e khubelu e hokahane le anode (positive terminal) 'me probe e ntšo e hokahane le cathode (negative terminal).
Leha ho le joalo, haeba leseli le sa bonese, li-probe ha li lumellane le polarity e nepahetseng. Khutlisa li-probes ka ho ama bofubelu ho e 'ngoe le botšo ho e setseng; o tla fumana lesedi le tjhabile. Ka tsela ena, o ka bona pheletso e ntle le e mpe ea LED.
Mokhoa oa 5: Sebelisa Battery ea Cell Coin
U sebelisa betri ea sele ea tšepe joalo ka CR2032, u ka tseba ka potlako maoto a matle le a mabe a LED. Bakeng sa sena, o lokela ho beha maoto a LED holim'a li-terminals tsa betri ea sele ea tšepe, joalokaha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong se ka tlase. Haeba leseli le le lerootho le benya, ho bolela hore leoto le amang lehlakore le letle la betri ke anode (positive) ea LED. 'Me leoto le amang terminal ea betri ke cathode (negative) ea LED. Haeba e sa bonese, phenya LED ebe u leka hape.
Ho etsahala'ng haeba u kenya mabone a LED ka morao?
Haeba u kenya mabone a LED morao, leseli le ke ke la khanya. Leha ho le joalo, e ke ke ea baka kotsi leha e le efe ho LED. Haeba u leka khokahano e fosahetseng ka phoso, ha ho letho le tla tšoha ha motlakase o le tlase ho isa bohareng. Empa haeba li-LED tsa hau li hokahane le potoloho e matla haholo, khokahano e fosahetseng e ka senya LED. Kahoo, haeba ka phoso u hokela mabone a LED ka morao kapa ka morao, a lokise ASAP.
Leha ho le joalo, ka linako tse ling li-diode tse ka morao li kenyelelitsoe potolohong e le mokhoa oa tšireletso. Ho theoha ha motlakase ho ea pele ho diode e ka morao hangata ho tlase haholo (hoo e ka bang 0.7V bakeng sa diode e tloaelehileng ea silicon). Matla ana a fokola haholo hore a ka senya diode. E sireletsa LED ka katleho ho tloha ho matla a phahameng a reverse a ka fetang matla a eona a ho senya.
Mokhoa oa ho khetholla Polarity ea Leseli la Strip la LED?
Ho ela hloko matšoao a PCB ho u fa monyetla oa ho bona polarity ea strip ea LED. Li-strip tsa LED li na le liphaephe tsa koporo. Letlapeng le leng le le leng la koporo, matšoao a bontša polarity; u tla fumana '+' le '-' matšoao. Ka mohlala, e tšoeu kapa lesela la LED la 'mala o le mong e na le matšoao a matle le a mabe; u ka khona hokela mokganni kapa mohloli wa matla ho latela taelo ena ea polarity.
Ntle le sena, e tla u tataisa ho boloka polarity ha u ntse u le teng ho kopanya lihlopha tse ngata tsa LED hammoho.
Leha ho le joalo, mefuta eohle ea li-strips tsa LED ha e na pontšo e tšoanang ea polarity. Mohlala, masela a masoeu a ka jeoang e ka ba le matshwao a kang 'C+' le 'W+' sebakeng sa '+' le '-.' Hape, a Leseli la LED la RGB ka anode e tloaelehileng e na le terminal e le 'ngoe e ntle (anode) e arolelanoang ke mebala eohle e meraro (Red, Green, Blue). U hloka ho hokela terminal e ntle (+) ho lehlakoreng le letle la phepelo ea motlakase. Mecha ea mebala ka bomong (R, G, B) e hokahane le fatše (e mpe) ka molaoli kapa ka ho toba. Chate e ka tlase e tla u thusa ho hlakola mohopolo:
| Chate ea Polarity ea LED Strop | ||||
| Mofuta oa Letlapa la LED | E ntle (+) | Mpe (-) | Mecha e meng | Mmala oa Mohala (Tloaelehileng) |
| Mobala o le Mong oa LED Strip | + kapa V+ | - kapa GND | None | Bokhubelu (Matla), Botsho (Fatše) |
| Tunable White LED Strip | C+ (Bosoeu bo Haholo), W+ (Bosoeu bo Mofuthu) | Sebaka se Arohantsoeng | None | E Fapana (Bosweu bo Phodileng, Bosweu bo Mofuthu) |
| Sehlopha sa RGB LED (Anode e tloaelehileng) | + (Anode e tloaelehileng) | R- (Khubelu), G- (Tala), B- (Putsoa) | Likanale ka bomong li hokela fatše | Bokhubelu (Matla), Botala (Lefatše bakeng sa G), Boputsoa (Lefatše bakeng sa B), boa fapana (Lefatše bakeng sa R) |
| RGB LED Strip (Common Cathode) | – (Common Cathode) | R+ (Khubelu), G+ (Tala), B+ (Boputsoa) | Manane a mang a hokela ho positive | Botšo (Fatše), Bokhubelu (Matla a R), Botala (Matla a G), Boputsoa (Matla a B) |
| Leseli la LED le fumanehang habonolo | + (Matla) | – (Lefatshe) | DI (Data In), CI (Clock In) (haeba e sebetsa) | Bokhubelu (Matla), Botsho (Lefatše), Li fapane (Boitsebiso, Oache) |
Ela hloko: 'Mala oa terata le matšoao a polarity a ka fapana ho latela mefuta kapa bahlahisi ba fapaneng.
Ntle le ho sheba tataiso ea pono, o ka sebelisa multimeter ho bona polarity ea likhoele tsa LED. Beha multimeter ho mokhoa oa ho tsoela pele. Ebe u beha li-probe tsa multimeter holim'a liphahlo tsa koporo tsa lesela la LED. Molumo oa beep o tsoang sesebelisoa o bontša ho phalla hona joale ka tsela e eang pele (e ntle ho ea ho e mpe ka LED). Sena se tiisa polarity e nepahetseng.
Ho rarolla mathata a tloaelehileng a LED Strip Polarity Issues
Ha o ntse o theha kapa o kenya mohala Mabone a hlobotsang a LED, mona ke mathata a tloaelehileng ao u ka tobanang le 'ona ka polarity:
Bothata ba ho Fumana Letšoao la Polarity
Matshwao a polarity a hatiswa hanyane haholo ho PCB, mme a mang a kanna a se be le matshwao. Matšoao ana a ka ba manyane haholo bakeng sa likhoele tse moqotetsane hoo u ka hlokang thuso ho li bala. Haeba u sa li fumane, sebelisa microscope. Haeba ho se na matšoao ho hang, sebelisa multimeter. Lisebelisoa tsa Thai li tla lemoha kapele polarity ea lesela la LED.
Polarity e Fosahetseng: Leseli ha le Khanye
Haeba o hokela theminale e nyahamisang ea lebone la lebone la LED pheletsong e mpe ea phepelo ea motlakase kapa e ntle ho e ntle, lebone le ke ke la khanya. Tlosa likhokahano 'me u e fetole hape ka polarity e nepahetseng.
Khokahano e Lose e Bakang ho Flickering
Leha polarity ea hau e nepahetse, leseli le ka bonts'a litaba tse panya-panyang. Sena se ka bakoa ke mabaka a 'maloa, joalo ka khokahano e hlephileng e leng eona e atileng haholo. Ha likhoele tsa LED li hokahantsoe le phepelo ea motlakase, haeba mohala o hlephileng, LED e tla feta har'a mathata a flickering. Bakeng sa sena, hlahloba hape manonyeletso 'me u netefatse hore a loketse ho hokahanya ho matla.
Mathata a Tšebelisano ea Wiring
Li-connectors tsa LED li sebelisoa ha u kopanya lesela le le leng la LED ho e 'ngoe kapa feela ho hokahanya lihlopha tsa LED mohloling oa matla. Mofuta o mong le o mong oa mofuta oa LED o na le tlhokahalo e khethehileng ea sehokelo sa LED. Mohlala, haeba u sebelisa lesela la LED la 'mala o le mong, u hloka sehokelo sa 2-pin LED strip. Haeba u sebelisa sehokelo se tšoanang bakeng sa lesela la RGB LED, leseli le ke ke la khanya le haeba o boloka polarity. Tabeng ena, o hloka ho sebelisa likhokahanyo tse 4 tsa li-PIN tsa LED.
Ho ithuta haholoanyane ka mathata a li-strips tsa LED, sheba sena- Ho rarolla mathata a LED Strip Mathata.
FAQs
fihlela qeto e
Ho tseba taelo ea polarity hoa hlokahala bakeng sa ho kopanya kapa ho hokahanya lisebelisoa leha e le life tsa motlakase, ho kenyelletsa le mabone a LED. Ho phethela sedikadikwe le ho netefatsa hore lebone le a kganya, o hloka ho hokela theminale e ntle ya lebone pheletsong e ntle le terminal e fosahetseng le pheletsong e mpe ya phepelo ya motlakase. Haeba e le LED ea lesoba le nang le lithapo tse peli le kepisi ea hlooho, leoto le lelelele le nepahetse. U ka boela ua lemoha sena ka ho latela lehlakore le bataletseng le molumo kapa boholo ba poleiti, joalokaha ke boletse puisanong.
Leha ho le joalo, haeba u sebetsa le li-LED tsa SMD (Surface-Mount Device) joalo ka li-strips tsa LED, u ka latela matšoao kapele ho fumana polarity. Li-SMD li hlophisitsoe ka boto ea potoloho e hatisitsoeng e nang le matšoao a '+' le '-' a bontšitsoeng.
Matšoao ana a tla u tataisa ho hokela lebone la LED ho phepelo ea motlakase ka polarity e nepahetseng. Tabeng ena, o ka etela rona LEDYi LED hlobolisa mabone. Lisebelisoa tsohle tsa rona li na le matšoao a hlakileng a polarity a nang le pente ea koporo. Kahoo, o ka kenya lebone habonolo ntle le thuso ea setsebi kapa tlhoko ea multimeter ho bona polarity!
