Chip ea LED ke karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea lebone la LED. Mabone a mangata a LED aa hloleha ka lebaka la li-chip tsa LED. Semiconductor ena e nyane ke moo leseli le hlahisoang teng, 'me boleng ba lona bo ama khanya ka ho toba, ho nepahala ha' mala, nako ea bophelo le ts'ebeliso e ntle ea matla. Ke ka lebaka leo ho khetha moetsi oa li-chip tsa LED ea nepahetseng ho leng bohlokoa ho feta kamoo batho ba bangata ba hlokomelang kateng.
Chip ea LED ke eng?
Chip ea LED ke karolo e nyane ea semiconductor ka har'a leseli la LED le hlileng le hlahisang leseli. Ha motlakase o feta ka har'a chip, o ntša matla ka mokhoa oa leseli, ts'ebetso e tsejoang e le electroluminescence.
Ka mantsoe a bonolo, chip ea LED ke "enjene" ea LED. Ntle le eona, ha ho na leseli. Li-chip tsa LED hangata li etsoa ka thepa ea semiconductor joalo ka gallium nitride (GaN) kapa indium gallium nitride (InGaN). Lisebelisoa tsena li etselitsoe ka ho khetheha ho laola hore na motlakase o phalla joang le hore na leseli le ntšoa joang.
Mona ke tse ling tsa lihlahisoa tse tummeng tsa li-chip tsa LED, bahlahisi bao u ka nahanang ho ba sebelisa ho etsa mabone a hau a LED.
Lethathamo la Bahlahisi ba Li-Chip ba LED ba 21 ba holimo
| boemo ba | Company | Selemo se thehiloe | Location | Mosebetsi |
| 1 | Leseli la LED | 1987 | usa | 1,001-5,000 |
| 2 | ams-OSRAM | 1981 | Austria | 10,001 + |
| 3 | Nichia | 1956 | Japan | 5,001-10,000 |
| 4 | Toyoda Gosei | 1934 | Japan | 10,001 + |
| 5 | Mokhatlo oa Toshiba | 1875 | Japan | 10,001 + |
| 6 | Lumileds | 1999 | Netherlands | 1,001-5,000 |
| 7 | Seoul Semiconductor | 1992 | Korea Boroa | 1,001-5,000 |
| 8 | SemiLEDs | 2005 | Taiwan | 201-500 |
| 9 | Bridgelux | 2002 | usa | 51-200 |
| 10 | METLHAKISO EA ELEKTRONIKI EA BAAHI | 1970 | Japan | 1000 + |
| 11 | Samsung LED | 1995 | Korea Boroa | 10,001 + |
| 12 | Edison Opto | 2001 | Taiwan | 1000 + |
| 13 | Ennostar | 1996 | Taiwan | 5,001-10,000 |
| 14 | LEDYi | 2011 | China | 201-500 |
| 15 | Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa Everlight | 1983 | Taiwan | 5001-10000 |
| 16 | LIEKETSENG | 1975 | Taiwan | 10,001 + |
| 17 | E khanyang | 2014 | usa | 201-500 |
| 18 | Motlakase oa Stanley | 1920 | Japan | 10,001 + |
| 19 | ROHM | 1958 | Japan | 5001-10000 |
| 20 | Theknoloji e Laolang ea Opto | 2000 | Malaysia | 1001-5000 |
| 21 | Refond Optoelectronics | 2000 | China | 1,001-5,000 |
1. Leseli la LED
E thehiloe ka 1987, Cree LED e qalile ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho thepa ea semiconductor mme ea matlafatsa ho amoheloa ha li-dies tsa LED tse putsoa lits'ebetsong tsa likoloi le tsa ho bonesa ka morao. Ho pholletsa le lilemo tsa bo-1990, re ntlafalitse theknoloji ea LED haholo 'me ra ba moqapi ea ka sehloohong sebakeng seo.
Cree LED e ile ea potlakisa Phetohelo ea Mabone a LED ka 2006 ka ho qalisoa ha LED ea pele ea sehlopha sa mabone se pakiloeng indastering, e leng XLamp® XR-E LED. Ho tloha ka nako eo, re tsamaisitse boqapi bo thehileng li-LED e le theknoloji ea mantlha ea mabone e sebelisoang maboneng a akaretsang le lits'ebetsong tse kholo tsa ponts'o ea video. Kajeno, re ntse re tsoela pele ho hola le ho ntlafatsa ka litharollo tsa LED tse ntle ka ho fetisisa.
2. ke OSRAM
ams OSRAM ke moetsi oa lefats'e oa li-chip tsa LED o tsejoang ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo haholo ho boqapi bo thehiloeng leseling le theknoloji ea semiconductor. Khamphani e nts'etsapele li-chip tsa LED tsa boleng bo holimo tse etselitsoeng lits'ebetso tse kang mabone a likoloi, mabone a akaretsang, litsamaiso tsa indasteri, temo ea lirapa le mabone a khethehileng.
ams OSRAM e hatisa haholo bokgoni, tshebetso ya mahlasedi, le taolo e nepahetseng ya mmala, e leng se etsang hore di-chip tsa yona tsa LED di lokele ditlhoko tsa mabone tse sebetsang le tse tswetseng pele. Ka boiphihlelo bo tebileng ba boenjiniere le ntshetsopele e tswelang pele ya dihlahiswa, khamphani e fana ka ditharollo tse tshepahalang tsa di-chip tsa LED tse fihlelang maemo a tiileng a tshebetso ho pholletsa le mefuta e mengata ya profeshenale le mabone a khoebo dikopo.
3. Nichia
Tšimoloho ea Nichia e tsoa ho pululelo ea mothehi oa Nichia, Nobuo Ogawa, ea ho sebelisa lejoe la mokoetla motseng oa habo oa Tokushima bakeng sa tlhahiso ea metsoako ea calcium e sebelisoang thepa ea meriana. Nichia e hapile monotsukuri* ka mahlale a eona a pele, ha e ntse e atolosa mefuta ea lihlahisoa tsa eona ho tloha metsoakong ea calcium ho ea ho phosphors, LEDs, Laser Diodes, thepa ea cathode bakeng sa libeteri tsa Lithium-ion, le thepa ea makenete.
Ho sa tsotellehe litšitiso le mathata a mangata, Nichia e atlehile ho nts'etsapele lihlahisoa tse 'maloa tse ntle ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng tse thehiloeng tumelong ea motheo e sa thekeseleng, "ho theha lihlahisoa tse ntle ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka ho sebetsa ka tieo le ho sebelisa theknoloji, e tletseng bohlale le boiphihlelo ba basebetsi bohle ba Nichia."
4. Toyoda Gosei
Toyoda Gosei ke moetsi oa Majapane ea fapaneng ea tsebahalang haholo ka likarolo tsa likoloi, empa hape e nts'etsapele le ho hlahisa li-chip le liphutheloana tsa LED e le karolo ea "Khoebo ea Boleng bo Bocha," e sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa eona tsa mantlha le boiphihlelo ba semiconductor.
Linyehelo tsa k'hamphani tsa LED li kenyelletsa liphutheloana tsa LED tsa maemo a mabone tse etselitsoeng mabone a bolokang matla le li-LED tse tsoetseng pele tsa UV-C bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko, tse bonts'ang boqapi ba eona bo tsoelang pele theknolojing ea semiconductor ea optical. Mokhoa oa Toyoda Gosei o kopanya bokhabane ba tlhahiso ea setso le nts'etsopele e ncha ea chip ea LED, e ikemiselitseng ho fana ka litharollo tsa LED tse tšepahalang le tse sebetsang hantle bakeng sa mabone le ts'ebeliso ea elektroniki e sebetsang.
5. Toshiba
Toshiba ke khamphani ea theknoloji ea lefats'e e nang le nalane e telele ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le tsa optoelectronics, ho kenyeletsoa theknoloji ea LED le likarolo tsa LED. Sethala sa semmuso sa Toshiba se totobatsa boiphihlelo bo matla ba semiconductor bo tšehetsang nts'etsopele ea litharollo tsa mabone a LED tse bolokang matla.
Toshiba e sebelitse mahlaleng a masoeu a LED a etselitsoeng ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba khanya, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla, le ho tšehetsa lipheo tsa botsitso. Ka ho sebelisa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahiso ea li-semiconductor, k'hamphani e kenya letsoho ho li-chip tsa LED le mehloli ea leseli e sebelisoang maboneng ka kakaretso le libakeng tsa indasteri. Tsepamiso ea Toshiba e ntse e le ho tšepahala, botsitso ba ts'ebetso, le poloko ea matla ea nako e telele litharollong tsa eona tse amanang le LED.
6. Lumileds
Lumileds ke moetsi ea ka sehloohong oa li-chip tsa LED ea tsamaisang boqapi theknolojing ea LED le ea microLED. Khamphani e shebana le litharollo tsa mabone tse hahiloeng ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o tšepahalang ha nako e ntse e ea ha li ntse li fana ka melemo e hlakileng ea bokhoni, ho tšoarella le boleng ba leseli.
Ka metso e kgutlelang morao ho Hewlett-Packard le lefa jwalo ka pula-maliboho wa di-LED tse matla a hodimo, Lumileds e fetohile sebapali sa bohlokwa theknolojing ya microLED bakeng sa ditshebediso tsa dikoloi le tsa pontsho. Di-chip tsa yona tsa LED di etseditswe ho fihlela ditlhoko tsa mabone a sejwalejwale, di fana ka bophelo bo bolelele, tshebetso e tsitsitseng, le boleng ba tlholisano bakeng sa bareki mebarakeng ya mabone ya profeshenale, ya indasteri le e tswetseng pele.
7. Seoul Semiconductor
Seoul Semiconductor ke moetsi oa li-chip tsa LED tsa Korea Boroa ea fetolang matla a motlakase hore e be leseli le sebetsang hantle, la boleng bo holimo le shebaneng le mahlale a bolokang matla le tikoloho. Jwalo ka e mong oa baqapi ba LED ba etellang pele lefatšeng, k'hamphani e hlahisa mefuta e mengata ea li-chip tsa LED le litharollo bakeng sa mabone a akaretsang, likoloi, lipontšo le lits'ebetso tse ikhethang.
Pokello ea Seoul e kenyelletsa mahlale a LED a tsoetseng pele joalo ka li-LED tse se nang liphutheloana tsa WICOP, li-LED tsa tlhaho tsa SunLike, le meralo ea li-chip tse sebetsang hantle tse fanang ka khanya le ts'ebetso e tšepahalang. Ka litokelo tsa molao tse likete le R&D e tsoelang pele, Seoul Semiconductor e ntse e tsoela pele ho sutumelletsa meeli ea seo li-chip tsa LED li ka se etsang lits'ebetsong tsa mabone le lipontšo tsa sejoale-joale.
8. SemiLEDs
SemiLEDs ke moetsi oa li-chip tsa LED tse thehiloeng Taiwan ea ikhethang ka ho theha li-chip tsa LED tse khanyang haholo ka ho sebelisa theknoloji ea sejoale-joale le ts'ebetso. E thehiloe ka 2005 'me ntlo-kholo ea eona e Hsinchu Science Park, SemiLED e ikhethile ka li-chip tsa LED tse otlolohileng tse entsoeng ka tšepe, haholo-holo ka mefuta e putsoa, e tšoeu, e tala le ea ultraviolet (UV), e sebelisa moralo oa eona oa MvpLED™ o nang le patente bakeng sa ts'ebetso e ntlafalitsoeng le bophelo bo bolelele.
Li-chip tsa bona li sebeletsa mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso, ho tloha maboneng a akaretsang le ts'ebelisong ea indasteri ho ea mafapheng a ikhethang joalo ka mabone a UV le temo ea limela. Li-SemiLED li boetse li fana ka li-chip le likarolo bakeng sa barekisi ba liphutheloana le baetsi ba lihlahisoa tsa mabone ba batlang litharollo tsa LED tse tšepahalang le tse sebetsang hantle.
9. Bridgelux
Bridgelux ke moetsi oa li-chip tsa LED o thehiloeng ka 2002 o kopanyang boqapi le ts'ebetso e sebetsang, o haha li-chip tsa LED tsa boleng bo holimo le mehloli ea leseli e sebelisoang maboneng a akaretsang, matšoao, likoloi, esita le lits'ebetsong tsa flash ea khamera.
Ba rala mahlale a mabone a solid-state a bolokang matla le a bonolo ho a kopanya, ba shebane le li-chip-on-board (COB) le li-chip tsa LED tse kenngoang holim'a metsi tse fanang ka khanya e matla le ts'ebetso e tšepahalang. Li-chip tsa Bridgelux li etsa motheo oa mabone a mangata a sejoale-joale a LED, a fanang ka ho tenyetseha bakeng sa khoebo le mabone a indasteri litlhoko.
10. Lisebelisoa tsa Elektroniki tsa Baahi
Citizen Electronics ke moetsi ea hlomphehang oa li-chip tsa LED ea tsoang Japane, ea tsebahalang ka li-chip tsa LED tse nyane tse entsoeng hantle le tse matla. Mabone a COB ditharollo. Ho fapana le dihlahiswa tse ding tse shebaneng feela le dikarolo tse akaretsang, Citizen e kopanya bokgoni bo phahameng le boleng bo tsitsitseng ba mabone ho thusa baqapi ho haha disebediswa tse tshepahalang.
Li-chip tsa bona tsa LED li hlaha nthong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho tloha mabone a letsatsi le letsatsi ho ea lits'ebetsong tse ikhethileng, 'me theknoloji ea bona ea ho nepahala e tšehetsa lisebelisoa tse fokolitsoeng, tse tšesaane ntle le ho senya ts'ebetso. Ka botumo bo thehiloeng tlhahisong e hlokolosi le bophelo bo bolelele, Citizen e ntse e le khetho e tiileng bakeng sa litlhoko tsa li-chip tsa LED.
11. Samsung LED
Samsung LED ke sebapali se seholo lefatšeng la tlhahiso ea li-chip tsa LED, e kopanya boiphihlelo bo tsoetseng pele ba semiconductor le litharollo tse ncha tsa mabone. U tla fumana pokello e pharaletseng ea li-chip tsa LED, ho tloha ho li-LED tse matla a mahareng le tse matla a holimo ho ea ho likhetho tsa Chip-Scale Package (CSP) le Chip-on-Board (COB), tsohle li etselitsoe ho fa baqapi ba mabone tenyetseho le ts'ebetso mererong ea bona.
Theknoloji ea CSP ea Samsung e fokotsa boholo ba sephutheloana ha e ntse e eketsa bokhoni le tokoloho ea moralo, 'me mohala oa eona oa COB o fana ka khanya e matla e nang le boleng bo botle ba' mala. Tsohle li mabapi le ho leka-lekanya mabone a khanyang, a sebetsang hantle le theknoloji e nyane ea chip e feto-fetohang e sebetsang lits'ebetsong tse akaretsang le tse ikhethang tsa mabone.
12. Edison Opto
Edison Opto ke moetsi oa li-chip tsa LED ea nang le boiphihlelo ea tsoang Taiwan, ea kopanyang metso ea mabone a khale a LED le moralo oa likarolo tsa sejoale-joale le lits'ebeletso tse kopaneng tsa tlhahiso. E thehiloe ka 2001, ba holile ho tloha likarolong tsa LED tse matla a mahareng le a maholo ho ea ho mefuta e mengata e kenyeletsang liphutheloana tsa COB, PLCC, likhetho tsa infrared le UV, tsohle li etselitsoe mabone, li-module le lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng.
Se khahlisang ka Edison Opto ke hore ba tsepamisitse maikutlo tšehetsong ea moralo ka LDMS (Lighting Design Manufacturing Service), ba thusa bareki ho koala sekheo ho tloha ho li-chip tsa LED ho ea ho ts'ebetsong ea lefats'e la 'nete. Li-chip le likarolo tsa bona tsa LED li hahiloe hore li sebetse hantle, li tšepahale, 'me li feto-fetohe ho pholletsa le litlhoko tsa mabone tsa bolulo, tsa khoebo le tse ikhethang.
13. Ennostar
Ennostar ke k'hamphani ea theknoloji ea LED ea Taiwan e thehiloeng ka ho kopanngoa ha Epistar le Lextar, e e fang metso e tebileng moralong le tlhahisong ea li-chip tsa LED. Ennostar e shebane le ho theha li-chip tsa LED tse khanyang haholo le litharollo tsa semiconductor tse kopaneng tse sebeletsang liindasteri tse fapaneng.
Li-chip tsa bona li entsoe ka mokhoa o tšepahalang ka tlhahiso e matla ea khanya le tšebeliso e sebetsang hantle ea matla, e leng se etsang hore li be ntle bakeng sa mabone a akaretsang, lits'ebetso tsa likoloi, lipontšo le litsamaiso tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho lemoha. Ka boiphihlelo bo tebileng theknolojing ea epitaxy le ea semiconductor e kopaneng, Ennostar e tšehetsa bahlahisi ba batlang li-chip tsa LED tse tšepahalang tse sebetsang hantle maemong a tloaelehileng le a boima.
14. LEDYi
LEDYi ke fektheri e khethehileng ka ho hlahisa boleng bo phahameng customized Lihlopha tsa LED 'me Mabone a neon a LEDRe thehiloe ka 2011 'me joale re na le sebaka sa sejoale-joale sa ho sebetsa se se nang lerōle sa limithara tse fetang 5,000, basebetsi ba fetang 200, le sehlopha sa R&D sa litho tse 15. Re tšoara bareki e le balekane ba nako e telele 'me re ikemiselitse ho thusa bareki ho hapa merero ka potlako le ka boqhetseke.
Bakeng sa lintlha tse ling, u ka etela Baetsi ba Mabone a LED ba Molemo ka ho Fetisisa: Tataiso e hlakileng.
15. Leseli
Everlight Electronics e ntse e bopa indasteri ea li-chip tsa LED ho tloha ka 1983, e tlisa boiphihlelo ba lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele bo fetang lilemo tse mashome a mane tafoleng. Khamphani ena e thehiloe Taiwan, e tsebahala ka ho hlahisa li-chip tsa LED tsa boleng bo holimo tse nang le ts'epo e matla, ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le bophelo bo bolelele ba ts'ebeletso.
Everlight e laola tlhahiso le ho paka kahare, e leng se thusang ho boloka maemo a tiileng a boleng ho pholletsa le mefuta ea eona ea li-chip tsa LED. Li-chip tsena tsa LED li sebelisoa haholo li-module tsa mabone, lipontšong, litharollong tsa likoloi le likarolong tsa elektroniki. Ka boqapi ba eona bo matla le tšebeletso e tsitsitseng, Everlight e ntse e tsoela pele ho ba har'a bahlahisi ba LED ba ka sehloohong lefatšeng ka bophara.
16. LIEKETSENG
Lite-On Optoelectronics e thehiloe ka 1975, e se e holile ho ba moetapele oa lefats'e ka bophara oa theknoloji ea optoelectronic, ka li-chip tsa LED li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho potefolio ea lihlahisoa tsa eona. E tataisoa ke pono ea eona ea ho ba molekane ea tšepahalang oa theknoloji e mosa tikolohong le e bohlale, k'hamphani e shebana haholo le boqapi, katleho le ts'epo.
Li-chip tsa LED tsa Lite-On li sebelisoa haholo ho pholletsa le mabone a LED, lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa bareki le litsamaiso tse tsoetseng pele tsa k'homphieutha. Ka ho kopanya kopanyo e matla ea mehloli le tsamaiso e ntlafalitsoeng, Lite-On e fana ka litharollo tsa li-chip tsa LED tse tšehetsang ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng, poloko ea matla le botsitso ba nako e telele lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa sejoale-joale.
17. E khanyang
Luminus Devices ke setsebi sa theknoloji ea li-chip tsa LED tse sebetsang hantle le litharollo tsa mabone a tiileng bakeng sa 'maraka oa mabone oa lefats'e. Li-chip tsa bona tsa LED li kenyelletsa li-chip-on-board tse tsoetseng pele (COB), matla a mahareng, a khethehileng a masoeu, UV, infrared, le a mebala a matlafatsang litsamaiso tsa mabone ho tloha libakeng tsa meralo le tsa indasteri ho ea lits'ebetsong tsa bongaka, temo ea lirapa le boithabiso.
Luminus e shebane le ho fana ka katleho e phahameng ea khanya, ts'ebetso e ntle ea mocheso, boleng bo nepahetseng ba 'mala, le lintlha tse feto-fetohang tsa sebopeho tse thusang baenjiniere le baqapi ho theha litharollo tsa mabone tse sebetsang hantle le tse tšoarellang nako e telele.
18. Stanley Motlakase
Stanley Electric e kopanya ho nepahala ha Sejapane le lefa le tebileng la boqapi ba mabone, e fana ka letoto le pharaletseng la di-chip tsa LED tse matlafatsang ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho tloha maboneng a manyane a ponts'o ho ea mabone a morao a likoloi a nang le tlhahiso e phahameng.
Li-chip tsa bona tsa LED li entsoe bakeng sa khanya e tšepahalang le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng, ebang ke ka har'a UV e bonahalang, kapa leseli le sesebelisoa ditshebediso. Hobane Stanley e ntshetsa pele le ho ntlafatsa disebediswa tsa yona tsa LED ka tlung, o fumana di-chip tse nang le moralo o nahannweng wa optical, tshebediso e sebetsang hantle ya eneji, le tlhahiso e tsitsitseng e phethahetseng bakeng sa dibaka tse thata tsa dikoloi kapa ditsamaiso tsa diindasteri.
19. ROHM
ROHM e ameha ka botebo tlhahisong ea li-semiconductor le likarolo tsa elektroniki, 'me li-chip tsa LED li etsa karolo ea bohlokoa ea potefolio ea eona. Khamphani ha e ntlafatse le ho hlahisa li-chip tsa LED ka tlung feela empa hape e okamela makala a tlhahiso ea kantle ho naha ho pholletsa le sebaka sa Asia-Pacific. Sena se lumella ROHM ho boloka taolo e tiileng ea boleng ha e ntse e laola tlhahiso e kholo ka katleho.
Li-chip tsa bona tsa LED li etselitsoe ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng, khanya e tsitsitseng, le ts'epo ea nako e telele lits'ebetsong tse hlokang tlhokomelo e kholo joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa likoloi, tsa indasteri le tsa elektroniki. Ka ho kopanya boiphihlelo bo tsoetseng pele ba semiconductor le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea lefats'e e laoloang hantle, ROHM e fana ka litharollo tsa li-chip tsa LED tse fihlelang maemo a holimo a tekheniki le a khoebo.
20. Theknoloji e Laolang ea Opto
Dominant Opto Technologies ke moetsi oa li-chip tsa LED ea tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara, ea tsebahalang haholo ka boteng ba eona bo matla indastering ea mabone a likoloi. E thehiloe ka 2000, k'hamphani e rala li-chip tsa LED tse sebetsang hantle tse fanang ka khanya e ntle haholo, ho nepahala ha 'mala le botšepehi ba nako e telele. Litharollo tsa bona tsa li-chip tsa LED li akaretsa mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso, ho tloha mabone a kahare a likoloi joalo ka li-dashboard le mabone a tikoloho ho ea ho ts'ebeliso ea kantle joalo ka mabone a hlooho le mabone a mohatla.
E tšehelitsoe ke R&D e tsoetseng pele, litekanyetso tse tiileng tsa boleng ba likoloi, le libaka tsa sejoale-joale tsa tlhahiso, Dominant e ntse e tsoela pele ho sutumelletsa boqapi ba li-chip tsa LED ha e ntse e boloka boleng le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng.
21. Refond Optoelectronics
Ho tloha ha e thehwa ka 2000, Refond Optoelectronics e holile ho ba moqapi ea tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara theknolojing ea li-chip tsa LED, e kopanya bokhoni bo matla ba R&D le tlhahiso le thekiso e kholo. Khamphani e ntse e tsoela pele ho ntšetsa pele litharollo tsa li-chip tsa LED bakeng sa mabone, ponts'o, likoloi le lits'ebetso tsa elektroniki.
Li-chip tsa LED tsa Refond li hahiloe ho latela boqapi, ho nepahala le phapang ea lihlahisoa, ho thusa lihlahisoa tsa lefats'e ho fihlela ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le ts'epo ea nako e telele. Refond e tsetela ka mafolofolo mahlaleng a li-chip tsa LED tsa moloko o latelang joalo ka Mini LED le Micro LED, e matlafatsang boemo ba eona mebarakeng e holang haholo, e shebaneng le bokamoso.
