Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowunikira zowunikira pamsika, ndipo zowunikira zowongolera izi zimachokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana. Tikagula ma led strips, timawona bwanji mtundu wa zowongolera? Imodzi mwa njira zowongoka kwambiri ndikufunsa wopanga mizere ya LED kuti apereke "lipoti loyeserera la gawo lophatikizana". Powerenga lipoti la mayeso ophatikizika, mutha kudziwa mwachangu magawo osiyanasiyana azinthu kuti muwunikire mtundu wa chinthucho. Popeza lipoti loyeserera la gawo lophatikiza lili ndi magawo ambiri, anthu ambiri sangamvetse. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza gawo lililonse mu lipoti la mayeso ophatikiza gawo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti mukamawerenga, mutha kumvetsetsa mosavuta lipoti la mayeso ophatikiza mtsogolo. Choncho tiyeni tiyambe.
Kodi An Integrating Sphere ndi chiyani?
An kuphatikiza gawo (wotchedwanso an Chigawo cha Ulbricht) ndi gawo la kuwala lomwe lili ndi dzenje lozungulira lomwe lili mkati mwake lomwe lili ndi zokutira zoyera zowoneka bwino, zokhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono polowera ndi potuluka. Katundu wake woyenera ndi yunifolomu kubalalitsa kapena diffusing zotsatira. Chochitika cha cheza cha kuwala pa malo aliwonse amkati mkati, ndi mawonetseredwe amwazikana angapo, amagawidwa mofanana ku mfundo zina zonse. Zotsatira za njira yoyambirira ya kuwala zimachepetsedwa. Chigawo chophatikizira chikhoza kuganiziridwa ngati chofalitsa chomwe chimasunga mphamvu koma chimawononga chidziwitso cha malo. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gwero lina la kuwala ndi chowunikira poyeza mphamvu ya kuwala. Chida chofanana ndi choyang'ana kapena Coblentz sphere, chomwe chimasiyana chifukwa chimakhala ndi galasi lokhala ngati galasi (lodziwika) m'malo mwa malo amkati. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, chonde pitani kuphatikiza gawo.
Integrating Sphere Test Report
Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa ndi lipoti loyeserera kuchokera ku fakitale yathu yophatikiza gawo. Monga mukuwonera, lipoti loyeserera la gawo lophatikizana limagawidwa m'magawo asanu ndi awiri.
- chamutu
- Relative Spectral Power Distribution
- Colour Consistency Macadam Ellipse
- Mitundu yamitundu
- Photometric magawo
- Mkhalidwe wa Chida
- Footer
1. Mutu
Mutu uli ndi chidziwitso cha mtundu ndi chitsanzo cha gawo lophatikizana. Mtundu wagawo lophatikizika la kampani yathu ndi EVERFINE, ndipo mtundu wake ndi HAAS-1200. EVERFINE Corporation (Stock Code: 300306) ndi akatswiri ogulitsa zida zoyezera zazithunzi (zowoneka, zamagetsi, zamagetsi) ndi ntchito yoyeserera, ndipo amatsogolera pagawo la chida choyezera cha LED & chowunikira. EVERFINE ndi National Certificated High-tech Enterprise, Membala Wothandizira wa CIE, ISO9001 Registered Firm, Government Certificated Software Enterprise & Software Product Enterprise, ndipo ali ndi Province Level High-tech R&D Center, ndi NVLAP yovomerezeka Lab (Lab code 500074-0 ) ndi CNAS zovomerezeka Lab (Lab code L5831). Mu 2013 ndi 2014, EVERFINE idaweruzidwa ndi Forbes ngati Makampani Omwe Angathe Kutchulidwa Ku China.
2. Wabale Spectral Power Distribution
Mu radiometry, photometry, ndi sayansi yamitundu, a kugawa mphamvu kwa spectral (SPD) kuyeza kumatanthawuza mphamvu pagawo lililonse pa unit wavelength ya kuwala (kutuluka kowala). Nthawi zambiri, mawu akuti kugawa mphamvu zowoneka bwino angatanthauze kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe, ngati mawonekedwe a kutalika kwa mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse wa radiometric kapena photometric (mwachitsanzo mphamvu yowala, kuwala kowala, kulimba kwamphamvu, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala kowala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala, kuwala. , mphamvu yowala, kuwala, kutulutsa kowala).
Relative Spectral Power Distribution
Chiŵerengero cha spectral concentration (irradiance kapena exitance) pa msinkhu woperekedwa kwa ndende ya wavelength yofotokozera imapereka SPD wachibale. Izi zitha kulembedwa motere:
Mwachitsanzo, kuwala kwa zowunikira ndi zowunikira zina zimayendetsedwa mosiyana, kugawa kwamagetsi kowoneka bwino kumatha kusinthidwa mwanjira ina, nthawi zambiri kumagwirizana pa 555 kapena 560 nanometers, kutengera nsonga ya ntchito yowala ya diso.
3. Colour Consistency Macadam Ellipse
Kusasinthasintha kwamtundu kumawunikidwa malinga ndi MacAdam ellipses, yofotokozedwa m'zaka za m'ma 1930 ndi David MacAdam ndi ena kuti aimire chigawo pa chithunzi cha chromaticity chomwe chili ndi mitundu yonse yomwe imakhala yosazindikirika ndi diso laumunthu kuchokera kumtundu wapakati pa ellipse.
Zoyeserera za MacAdam zidadalira kuwona kwa zomwe zimatchedwa Just Noticeable Colour Difference (JND) pakati pa nyali ziwiri zamitundu yofananira. Kusiyana Kowoneka Kwambiri kumatanthauzidwa ngati kusiyana kwamitundu komwe 50% ya owonera amawona kusiyana ndipo 50% ya owonera samawona kusiyana. Magawo omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyana yamitundu yofananira (SDCM), adapezeka kuti ndi elliptical mu CIE 1931 2 deg viewer color space. Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a ellipses amasiyana mosiyanasiyana malingana ndi malo omwe ali mu chithunzi cha danga. Magawowo adawonedwa kuti ndi akulu kwambiri muzobiriwira komanso ang'onoang'ono ofiira ndi abuluu.
Chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa mtundu wopangidwa ndi ma LED owala oyera, metric yabwino yofotokozera kukula kwa kusiyana kwamitundu mkati mwa batch (kapena bin) kapena ma LED ndi kuchuluka kwa SDCM (MacAdam) ellipses masitepe mu malo amtundu wa CIE. ma LED akugwera mu. Ngati ma chromaticity coordinates a seti ya ma LED onse akugwera mkati mwa 3 SDCM (kapena "3-step MacAdam ellipse"), anthu ambiri adzalephera kuwona kusiyana kulikonse. Ngati kusiyanasiyana kwamtundu kuli kotero kuti kusiyanasiyana kwa chromaticity kumafikira 5 SDCM kapena ellipse ya MacAdam 5, mudzayamba kuwona kusiyana kwamitundu. Mutha kuwona kusasinthika kwamtundu ndi 1.6SDCM kuchokera ku lipoti loyesa. Ndipo pali “x=0.440 y=0.403 F3000” pansi, kutanthauza kuti pakati pa ellipse ndi “x=0.440 y=0.403”.
Kulekerera Kwamtundu Wachigawo Chokhazikika
Pakadali pano, milingo yayikulu yololera mitundu pamsika ndi miyezo yaku North America ANSI, European Union IEC miyezo, ndi malo awo ofananirako amtundu wololera amafotokozedwa mwachidule motere:
Mtundu wa CCT wolingana ndi kulolerana kwamtundu
3-SDCM Schematic chithunzi kuyerekeza muyezo IEC ndi ANSI muyezo
4. Mitundu yamitundu
Gawo la Color Parameters makamaka lili ndi Chromaticity Coordinate, CCT, Dominant Wavelength, Peak Wavelength, Purity, Ratio, FWHM, ndi Render Index (Ra, AvgR, TM30: Rf, TM30: Rg).
Chromaticity Coordinate
The CIE 1931 malo amitundu Ndiwo maulalo oyamba odziwika a kuchuluka pakati pa magawo a kutalika kwa mafunde mu electromagnetic mawonekedwe owoneka, ndi mitundu yowoneka mwakuthupi mwa anthu masomphenya amtundu. Maubwenzi a masamu omwe amatanthauzira izi malo amitundu ndi zida zofunika kasamalidwe ka mitundu, chofunika pochita ndi inki zamitundu, zowonetsera zowala, ndi zipangizo zojambulira monga makamera a digito. Dongosololi linapangidwa mu 1931 ndi a "Commission Internationale de l'éclairage", odziwika m’Chingelezi kuti the International Commission on Illumination.
The CIE 1931 RGB malo amtundu ndi CIE 1931 XYZ malo amtundu zidapangidwa ndi International Commission on Illumination (CIE) mu 1931.[1][2] Zinachokera ku zoyesera zingapo zomwe zidachitika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920 ndi William David Wright pogwiritsa ntchito owonera khumi.[3] ndi John Guild pogwiritsa ntchito owonera asanu ndi awiri.[4] Zotsatira zoyeserera zidaphatikizidwa ndikutengera malo amtundu wa CIE RGB, pomwe malo amtundu wa CIE XYZ adachokera.
Malo amtundu wa CIE 1931 akugwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri, monganso 1976 Mtengo wa magawo CIELUV malo amtundu.
Mu chitsanzo cha CIE 1931, Y ndi kuwala, Z ndi ofanana ndi buluu (wa CIE RGB), ndi X ndikusakanikirana kwa ma curve atatu a CIE RGB osankhidwa kuti akhale opanda pake (onani § Tanthauzo la malo amtundu wa CIE XYZ). Kukhazikitsa Y monga kuwala kuli ndi zotsatira zothandiza zomwe zaperekedwa Y mtengo, ndege ya XZ idzakhala ndi zonse zomwe zingatheke chromaticities pa kuwala uko.
In anayankha, ndi Mtengo wa CIE1976 L*, u*, v* malo amtundu, chodziwika bwino ndi chidule chake Mtengo wa magawo CIELUV, ndi malo amtundu yotengedwa ndi International Commission on Illumination (CIE) mu 1976, monga kusintha kosavuta kwa 1931 Malo amtundu wa CIE XYZ, koma amene anayesa kufanana kwamalingaliro. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu monga zithunzi zamakompyuta zomwe zimayendera magetsi amitundu. Ngakhale zosakaniza zowonjezera za magetsi amitundu yosiyanasiyana zidzagwera pamzere mu yunifolomu ya CIELUV chromaticity chithunzi (yotchedwa CIE 1976 UCS), zosakaniza zotere sizingagwere, mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, sizingagwere pamzere wamtundu wa CIELUV pokhapokha ngati zosakaniza sizikhala zokhazikika. kupepuka.
CCT
Kutentha kwamtundu (Correlated Colour Temperature, kapena CCT, in lighting tech jargon) kwenikweni ndi chiyeso cha chikasu kapena buluu mtundu wa kuwala wotuluka mu babu. Amayezedwa mugawo la Kelvin ndipo amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa madigiri 2200 a Kelvin ndi madigiri 6500 a Kelvin.
Duv
Kodi Duv ndi chiyani?
Duv ndi metric yomwe ndi yachidule ya "Delta u,v" (yosasokonezedwa ndi Delta u',v') ndipo imafotokoza mtunda wa malo owala kuchokera pamapindi a thupi lakuda.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi kutentha kwamtundu wolumikizana (CCT) pofotokoza kuyandikira kwa poto wakuda ("kuyera koyera") komwe kuwala kwina kuli.
Mtengo wolakwika umasonyeza kuti mtunduwo uli pansi pa poto wa thupi lakuda (magenta kapena pinki) ndipo mtengo wabwino umasonyeza mfundo pamwamba pa thupi lakuda (lobiriwira kapena lachikasu).
Mtengo wabwino kwambiri umasonyeza mfundo yotalikirapo pamwamba pa piritsi la thupi lakuda, pamene mtengo woipa kwambiri umasonyeza mfundo yomwe ili pansi pa thupi lakuda.
Mwachidule, Duv imapereka mosavuta kukula ndi chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi mtunda wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wakuda.
Chifukwa chiyani Duv ndi yofunika?
Duv ndi metric yofunikira nthawi zonse mukamakambirana zowunikira zamitundu, monga filimu & kujambula. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti CCT yokha imapereka chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza mtundu weniweniwo.
Pazithunzi pansipa, mupeza mizere ya iso-CCT yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya CCT. Mizere ya Iso-CCT imalongosola mfundo zomwe mtengo wa CCT uli wofanana.
Kwa 3500K, mudzawona mzerewo ukuchokera ku mtundu wachikasu m'dera lomwe lili pamwamba pa phiri lakuda la thupi (mtengo wokulirapo wa Duv), pomwe usintha kupita ku mtundu wapinki/magenta mukamatsika mzere womwewo wa 3500K iso-CCT pansi pa thupi lopindika lakuda (lotsika, lopanda phindu la Duv).
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati nyali ili ndi mtengo wa CCT wa 3500K, kwenikweni, ikhoza kukhala paliponse pambali iyi ya iso-CCT.
Kumbali ina, tikadapatsidwa chidziwitso chakuti nyali ili ndi mtengo wa CCT wa 3500K ndi Duv = 0.001, izi zingatipatse chidziwitso chokwanira kuti tidziwe kuti ili pamzere wa 3500K iso-CCT, pamwamba pang'ono pamtunda wakuda wakuda. . Ngati zonse ziwiri za Duv ndi CCT ziperekedwa, malo enieni amtundu amatha kuzindikirika.
Dominant Wavelength
Mu sayansi yamitundu, the kutalika kwa mafunde (ndi utali wogwirizana wofananawo) ndi njira zozindikiritsira kusakaniza kulikonse molingana ndi kuwala kwa monochromatic komwe kumatulutsa lingaliro lofanana (ndi lofananira) la mtundu. Pakusakanikirana kwa kuwala kowoneka bwino, mafunde owoneka bwino komanso ophatikizana sakhazikika, koma amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu womwe umawunikira, womwe umatchedwa white point, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osasunthika.
Peak Wavelength
Peak Wavelength - Peak wavelength imatanthauzidwa ngati mawonekedwe amodzi pomwe ma radiometric emission spectrum a gwero la kuwala amafikira pamlingo wake. Mwachidule, sizimayimira kutulutsa kulikonse komwe kumawoneka kwa gwero la kuwala ndi diso la munthu, koma ndi zowunikira zithunzi.
Chiyeretso
Ukhondo wamtundu ndi momwe mtundu umafanana ndi mtundu wake. Mtundu umene sunasakanizidwe ndi woyera kapena wakuda umatengedwa kuti ndi woyera. Kuyera kwamtundu ndi lingaliro lothandiza ngati mukusakaniza mitundu monga mukufuna kuyamba ndi mtundu woyera chifukwa izi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zopanga matani osiyanasiyana, mithunzi ndi zolembera.
Chiwerengero
Chiŵerengero chimatanthauza chiŵerengero cha zofiira, zobiriwira ndi zabuluu mu kuwala kosakanikirana.
FWHM
Mu kugawa, m'lifupi mwake pa theka lapamwamba (FWHM) ndi kusiyana pakati pa zikhalidwe ziwiri za kusintha kodziyimira pawokha komwe kudalira kodalira kumakhala kofanana ndi theka la mtengo wake waukulu. M'mawu ena, ndi m'lifupi mwa sipekitiramu yopindika kuyeza pakati pa mfundozo pa y-axis amene ali theka matalikidwe pazipita. Theka la m'lifupi pa theka lapamwamba (HWHM) ndi theka la FWHM ngati ntchitoyo ndi yofanana.
CRI
A mtundu wopereka index (CRI) ndi muyeso wochulukira wa kuthekera kwa gwero lowunikira kuwulula mitundu ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana mokhulupirika poyerekeza ndi gwero lachilengedwe kapena lodziwika bwino.
Kodi CRI imayesedwa bwanji?
Njira yowerengetsera CRI ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi chitsanzo chowunika chomwe chaperekedwa pamwambapa, koma chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithmic mawerengedwe akayeza kuchuluka kwa gwero la kuwala komwe kumafunsidwa.
Kutentha kwamtundu wa gwero lowunikira lomwe likufunsidwa liyenera kutsimikiziridwa kaye. Izi zikhoza kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku miyeso ya spectral.
Kutentha kwamtundu wa gwero la kuwala kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti tithe kusankha masana oyenera kuti tigwiritse ntchito poyerekezera.
Kenako, gwero lowunikira lomwe likufunsidwalo liwalitsidwa pamitundu ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yotchedwa test color samples (TCS) yokhala ndi mtundu wowonekera.
Pali mitundu 15 yamitundu yonse:
Tikhalanso takonzekera miyeso yamitundu yowoneka bwino yamasana achilengedwe amtundu womwewo wa kutentha. Pomaliza, timafanizira mitundu yowonetsedwa ndikusankha "R" pawotchi iliyonse.
Mtengo wa R wa mtundu winawake umasonyeza kuthekera kwa gwero la kuwala kuti lipereke mokhulupirika mtunduwo. Chifukwa chake, kuti muwonetse kuthekera kwapang'onopang'ono kwa gwero la kuwala kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, fomula ya CRI imatenga avareji ya ma R.
Ra ndi pafupifupi R1-R8.
AvgR ndi avareji ya R1-R15.
TM30
TM30 ndi metric yamtundu watsopano yomwe idalandiridwa posachedwa ndi IES kuti iwonjezere ndikulowa m'malo mwa CRI (CIE) Metric yakale yoyezera kukhulupirika kwa gwero la kuwala.
Zithunzi za TM30
- Rf yomwe ndi metric yofanana ndi muyezo wa CRI (Ra) womwe umayesa kumasulira kwamitundu kutengera kuyerekeza ndi phale lamitundu yamitundu 99 (CRI inali ndi 9 yokha)
- Rg yomwe imayesa kusintha kwapakati kwa gamut (hue/machulukidwe) a gwero
- Chithunzi choyimira cha Rg kuyimira mitundu yomwe yachapitsidwa kapena yowoneka bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha gwero la kuwala.
Kuti mumve zambiri, mutha kutsitsa PDF "Kuwunika Kutulutsa Kwamitundu Pogwiritsa Ntchito IES TM-30-15".
5. Zithunzi za Photometric
Kuwala kowala (Flux)
Mu photometry, kamwazi wowala kapena mphamvu yowala ndi muyeso wa mphamvu yozindikiridwa ya kuwala. Zimasiyana ndi kuwala kowala, muyeso wa mphamvu yonse yama radiation yamagetsi (kuphatikiza infrared, ultraviolet, ndi kuwala kowoneka), chifukwa kuwala kowoneka bwino kumasinthidwa kuti kuwonetsere kusiyanasiyana kwa diso la munthu kumayendedwe osiyanasiyana a kuwala.
Chigawo cha SI cha kuwala kowala ndi lumen (lm). Mpaka pa Meyi 19, 2019, lumen imodzi imatanthauzidwa ngati kuwala kwa kuwala komwe kumapangidwa ndi gwero la kuwala komwe kumatulutsa kandulo imodzi yamphamvu kwambiri pakona yolimba ya steradian imodzi. Kuyambira pa 20 Meyi 2019, kuwalako kumatanthauzidwa pokonza mphamvu yowala ya ma radiation a monochromatic of frequency 540 × 1012 Hz (kuwala kobiriwira komwe kumakhala ndi kutalika kwa 555 nm) kukhala 683 lm/W. Chifukwa chake gwero la 1 lumen limatulutsa 1/683 W kapena 1.146mW.
Mu machitidwe ena a mayunitsi, kuwala kowala kumatha kukhala ndi mayunitsi amphamvu.
Kuwala kowala kumapangitsa chidwi cha diso polemera mphamvu pa utali uliwonse ndi ntchito yowala, yomwe imayimira kuyankha kwa diso ku mafunde osiyanasiyana. Kuwala kowala ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu pamafunde onse amtundu wowoneka. Kuwala kunja kwa gulu lowoneka sikumathandizira.
Kuwala Kwambiri (Eff.)
Kuwala kothandiza ndi muyezo wa mmene gwero la kuwala limatulutsira bwino kuwala kowonekera. Ndi chiŵerengero cha kamwazi wowala ku mphamvu, kupimwa mu lumens pa watt mu International System of Units (SI). Kutengera ndi nkhani, mphamvu ikhoza kukhala kapena kuwala kowala za linanena bungwe gwero, kapena akhoza kukhala mphamvu zonse (mphamvu yamagetsi, mankhwala mphamvu, kapena ena) kudyedwa ndi gwero.[1][2][3] Liwuli limatanthauza chiyani nthawi zambiri limayenera kuganiziridwa kuchokera kumutu, ndipo nthawi zina sizidziwika bwino. Lingaliro lakale nthawi zina limatchedwa kuwala kwamphamvu kwa ma radiation,[4] ndi chomaliza mphamvu yowala ya gwero la kuwala[5] or mphamvu zonse zowala.[6][7]
Radiant Flux (Fe)
In radiometry, kuwala kowala or mphamvu yowala ndi mphamvu yowala kutulutsa, kuwonetseredwa, kufalitsidwa, kapena kulandilidwa panthawi imodzi, ndi kusintha kwa spectral or mphamvu zowonera ndiye kuwala kowala pa unit pafupipafupi or timaganiza, kutengera ngati Masewera imatengedwa ngati ntchito ya pafupipafupi kapena ya kutalika kwa mafunde. The SI gawo wa kuwala flux ndi watt (W), imodzi joule pa sekondi iliyonse (J/s), pomwe ya spectral flux pafupipafupi ndi watt pa hedzi (W/Hz) ndi ya spectral flux mu wavelength ndi watt pa mita (W/m)—kawirikawiri watt pa nanometer (W/nm).
5. Magetsi magawo
Voteji (V)
Mphamvu yamagetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, kuthamanga kwa magetsi kapena kuthamanga kwamagetsi ndiko kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa mfundo ziwiri, zomwe (m'munda wamagetsi osasunthika) zimatanthauzidwa ngati ntchito yofunikira pa unit of charge kusuntha chiyeso choyesa pakati pa mfundo ziwirizi. Mu International System of Units, gawo lochokera kumagetsi (kusiyana kothekera) limatchedwa volt. Magetsi athu amtundu wa LED nthawi zambiri amakhala 24V kapena 12V.
Zamagetsi Pano (I)
An magetsi ndi mtsinje wa particles nacha, monga ma elekitironi kapena ayoni, kuyenda kudzera kondakitala magetsi kapena danga. Imayesedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kupyola pamwamba kapena mu voliyumu yowongolera. Zomwe zimasuntha zimatchedwa zonyamula katundu, zomwe zingakhale imodzi mwa mitundu ingapo ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kutengera woyendetsa. M'mabwalo amagetsi zonyamulira zonyamulira nthawi zambiri zimakhala ma elekitironi akuyenda kudzera pawaya. Mu semiconductors amatha kukhala ma elekitironi kapena mabowo. Mu electrolyte zonyamulira zonyamula ndi ma ion, pomwe mu plasma, mpweya wa ionized, ndi ma ion ndi ma electron.
Chigawo cha SI chamagetsi amakono ndi ampere, kapena amp, yomwe ndi kayendedwe ka magetsi pamtunda pamtunda wa coulomb imodzi pa sekondi imodzi. Ampere (chizindikiro: A) ndi gawo loyambira la SI. Mphamvu yamagetsi imayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chotchedwa ammeter.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu (P)
Mu uinjiniya wamagetsi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumatanthawuza mphamvu yamagetsi pa nthawi ya unit, yomwe imaperekedwa kuti igwiritse ntchito zina, monga chipangizo chapanyumba. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa ndi ma watts (W) kapena kilowatts (kW).
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikofanana ndi voteji yochulukitsidwa ndi pano.
Mphamvu ya Mphamvu (PF)
In magetsi, ndi chinthu china a Mphamvu ya AC dongosolo limatanthauzidwa ngati Chiŵerengero wa mphamvu yeniyeni otengedwa ndi katundu ku ku mphamvu zowonekera kuyenda mozungulira, ndi a nambala yopanda malire mu nthawi yotsekedwa wa −1 mpaka 1. Mphamvu ya mphamvu yochepera imodzi imasonyeza kuti magetsi ndi magetsi sali mu gawo, kuchepetsa avareji. mankhwala mwa awiriwo. Mphamvu yeniyeni ndi chinthu chanthawi yomweyo chamagetsi ndi chapano ndipo imayimira mphamvu yamagetsi pogwira ntchito. Mphamvu zowonekera ndizopangidwa ndi Mtengo wa RMS panopa ndi voteji. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yosungidwa mu katunduyo ndikubwerera ku gwero, kapena chifukwa cha katundu wosagwirizana ndi mzere womwe umasokoneza mawonekedwe a mafunde omwe amachokera ku gwero, mphamvu yowonekera ikhoza kukhala yaikulu kuposa mphamvu yeniyeni. Mphamvu yoyipa imachitika pomwe chipangizocho (chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chonyamula) chimapanga mphamvu, zomwe zimabwerera kugwero.
Mu dongosolo lamagetsi amagetsi, katundu wokhala ndi mphamvu yochepa amakoka zambiri zamakono kusiyana ndi katundu wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi mphamvu zothandiza zomwe zimatumizidwa. Mafunde apamwamba amawonjezera mphamvu zomwe zatayika mu dongosolo logawa ndipo zimafuna mawaya akuluakulu ndi zipangizo zina. Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa zida zokulirapo komanso kuwononga mphamvu, zida zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimalipira mtengo wokwera kwa makasitomala akumafakitale kapena amalonda komwe kuli mphamvu zochepa.
Koma mu lipoti la mayeso ophatikizika, popeza mzere wathu wotsogolera ndi DC12V kapena DC24V wotsogolera mzere, PF nthawi zonse imakhala 1.
NTHAWI
Zoyimira LEVEL nthawi zonse zimakhala OUT. Kotero ife timanyalanyaza izo.
ZOYERA
WHITE amatanthauza mulingo wa Kulekerera Kwamtundu womwe tidasankha.
6. Mkhalidwe wa Chida
Integral T kutanthauza nthawi yophatikiza.
Ip amatanthauza machulukitsidwe photoelectric; zimagwirizana ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yophatikiza yosankhidwa panthawi yoyesedwa, ndipo kusankha (nthawi yophatikizana yokha) IP iyenera kukhala yaikulu kuposa 30%, yomwe ndi dziko loyenera. Ngati nthawi yophatikizira imasankhidwa kukhala masekondi a 100, IP idzakhala yosachepera 30%, nthawi yoyesera idzakhala yofulumira, ndipo magawo ena a optoelectronic sadzakhudzidwa.
Footer ili ndi zina zowonjezera monga Dzina lachitsanzo, Nambala, Woyesa, Tsiku Loyesera, Kutentha, Chinyezi, Wopanga, ndi Ndemanga.
Nditawerenga nkhaniyi, ndikukhulupirira kuti mutha kuwerenga mosavuta magawo onse a lipoti la mayeso ophatikiza gawo. Ngati muli ndi mafunso, chonde siyani ndemanga kapena tumizani mauthenga kudzera pa fomu yapa webusayiti. Zikomo.
Kutsiliza
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