Dimming ndi njira yosinthira kuwala kwa gwero la kuwala. Izi zimachitika kuti akhazikitse ambience kapena kupulumutsa mphamvu pamene kuwala kwathunthu sikufunika kwenikweni. Makina ambiri a dimming omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ma LED asanakhalepo kapena masiku ano amapangidwira mababu a incandescent. Makinawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira za dimming ya front-phase ndi reverse-phase-phase-phase-phase-dimming momwe dimmer imasokoneza kapena kudula cholowetsa cha AC kuti muchepetse mphamvu yopita mu dalaivala. Ndi mphamvu zochepa zolowera, padzakhala zotuluka zochepa pa dalaivala, ndipo kuwala kwa kuwala kumachepa.

Mawu osamveka omwe amamveka kwambiri pakuwunikira kwa malonda a LED ndi DMX, DALI, 0/1-10V, thyristor (TRIAC), WIFI, Bluetooth, RF, ndi Zigbee. Izi ndizizindikiro zolowera zamagetsi a dimming. Kusankhidwa kwa ma siginecha osiyanasiyana kumabwera makamaka chifukwa choganizira za chilengedwe (kuyika, mawaya), ntchito, mtengo, ndi kusinthasintha kwa kukulitsa mtsogolo. Ubwino wa dimming kwenikweni umatsimikiziridwa ndi njira ya dimming yotulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi, osati njira ya dimming yolowera.

Njira zochepetsera zotulutsa mphamvu zamagetsi zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri, Constant Current Reduction (CCR) ndi Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Analog Dimming).

Choyamba, kumveketsa: kwenikweni, mizere yonse ya LED imazimiririka.

Mukamagula nyali zamtundu wamba zamtundu wa LED monga mababu amtundu wa A, nthawi zambiri mutha kuwona NOT DIMMABLE zolembedwa pansi pa kufotokoza kwazinthu. Mababu ena a LED sazimitsidwa chifukwa magetsi mkati mwa babu la LED sanapangidwe kuti azitha kumasulira chizindikiro cha dimmer ya khoma, chomwenso chimakhala/chidapangidwa kuti chikhale nyali yanthawi zonse.

Kumbali ina, mizere ya LED sinapangidwe kuti ilumikizidwe mwachindunji kumagetsi apamwamba (monga soketi ya khoma la 120V AC), ndipo imafunikira magetsi kuti asinthe ma voltage apamwamba a AC kukhala voteji yotsika ya 12V kapena 24V DC.

Chifukwa chake, ngati dimmer yapakhoma ikukhudzidwa, imayenera "kulankhula" ndi magetsi kusanathime kulikonse kuchitike pa mzere wa LED. Chifukwa chake, funso lozimitsidwa / losazimitsidwa limadalira gawo lamagetsi, komanso ngati lingatanthauzire chizindikiro cha dimming chomwe chimapangidwa ndi khoma-dimmer.

Kumbali inayi, pafupifupi mizere yonse ya LED (monga momwe, mzerewo) ndi wocheperako. Poganizira chizindikiro chamagetsi choyenera cha DC (nthawi zambiri PWM), kuwala kwamtundu uliwonse wa LED kumatha kusinthidwa momasuka.

Chonde dziwani kuti nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitundu iwiri ya mizere yotsogolera pamsika, nthawi yamakono ndi voteji nthawi zonse. Zofunikira zawo pakuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi ndizosiyana. Chonde onani zomwe zili pansipa:

Ndi chiyani chomwe chimayang'anira kuwala kwa LED?

Kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikuyenda kudzera mu LED zimatsimikizira kutulutsa kwake. Ngati tiyang'ana pa graph pamwambapa, tiwona kuti kusintha magetsi kumasinthanso momwe magetsi akuyendera kudzera mu LED, zomwe zimatipangitsa kuganiza za kuchepetsa kuwala kwa LED powonjezera kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi. Komabe, titha kuwonanso kuti dera lomwe titha kusintha magetsi popanda kuchulukirachulukira ndi laling'ono. Komanso, pompopompo silodziwikiratu komanso, monga kuwala.

Tikayang'ana zolemba zina za LED, titha kuwona kuti kuwala kwa LED kumadalira kutsogolo kwamakono. Ubale wawo ndi pafupifupi mzere nawonso. Chifukwa chake mu ma LED ocheperako, timatenga voteji yakutsogolo ngati mtengo wokhazikika ndikuwongolera yapano m'malo mwake.

Njira za Dimming za LED

Zida zonse za LED zimafuna kuti dalaivala azichepetsedwa, ndipo pali njira ziwiri zomwe madalaivala amagwiritsa ntchito kuti achepetse ma LED: Pulse Width Modulation ndi Constant Current Reduction (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Analog Dimming).

Kugunda Kukula Kusinthasintha (PWM)

Mu PWM, LED imayatsidwa ndikuzimitsa pakali pano pamlingo wapamwamba. Kusintha kofulumira kumakhala kokwanira kuti diso la munthu liwone. Chomwe chimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa LED ndi kuzungulira kwa ntchito kapena chiyerekezo cha nthawi yomwe LED ili ON ndi nthawi yonse ya kuzungulira kwathunthu.

ubwino:

• Amapereka molondola kwambiri linanena bungwe mlingo
• Ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kusunga mawonekedwe a LED monga mtundu, kutentha, kapena magwiridwe antchito
• Kuwala kokulirapo - kumatha kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa kuwala kumitengo yosakwana 1 peresenti
• Imapewa kusintha kwamitundu pogwiritsira ntchito nyali ya LED pamalo opangira ma voliyumu omwe akulimbikitsidwa

kuipa:

• Madalaivala ndi ovuta komanso okwera mtengo
• Popeza PWM imagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwachangu, m'mphepete mwa kukwera mwachangu komanso kutsika kwamtundu uliwonse kumatulutsa ma radiation osafunikira a EMI.
• Dalaivala akhoza kukhala ndi zovuta zogwirira ntchito pamene akuthamanga ndi mawaya aatali popeza mawonekedwe osokera a waya (capacitance ndi inductance) amatha kusokoneza m'mphepete mwa PWM.

Ntchito Yopanda

Mawu akuti kuzungulira kwa ntchito amafotokoza gawo la 'pa' nthawi yokhazikika kapena 'nthawi' ya nthawi; ntchito yochepa yozungulira ikufanana ndi mphamvu yochepa, chifukwa mphamvuyi imakhala yozimitsa nthawi zambiri. Kuzungulira kwantchito kumawonetsedwa paperesenti, 100% ikugwira ntchito mokwanira. Pamene chizindikiro cha digito chili pa theka la nthawi ndi kuchoka ku theka lina la nthawi, chizindikiro cha digito chimakhala ndi ntchito yozungulira 50% ndipo imafanana ndi "square" wave. Chizindikiro cha digito chikakhala nthawi yochulukirapo kuposa boma, chimakhala ndi ntchito yopitilira 50%. Chizindikiro cha digito chikakhala nthawi yochulukirapo kuposa boma, chimakhala ndi ntchito yozungulira <50%. Nachi chithunzi chomwe chikuwonetsa zochitika zitatu izi:

pafupipafupi

Chinthu chinanso chofunikira pa siginecha ya pulse wide modulation (PWM) ndi kuchuluka kwake. Mafupipafupi a PWM amafotokoza momwe chizindikiro cha PWM chimamaliza mwachangu nthawi, pomwe nthawiyo ndi nthawi yotengedwa kuti chizindikirocho chiziyenda.

Kuyanjanitsa kuzungulira kwa ntchito ndi ma frequency a siginecha ya PWM kumapangitsa kuti pakhale woyendetsa wocheperako wa LED.

Constant Current Reduction (CCR)

Mu CCR, magetsi akuyenda mosalekeza kudzera mu LED. Chifukwa chake LED imakhala ONSE nthawi zonse, osati monga mu PWM pomwe LED imayatsidwa nthawi zonse. Kuwala kwa LED kumasinthidwa ndikusintha mulingo wapano.

ubwino:

• Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi zofunikira za EMI ndi mapulogalamu akutali komwe mawaya amatalika amagwiritsidwa ntchito
• Madalaivala a CCR ali ndi malire okwera kwambiri amagetsi (60 V) kuposa madalaivala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito PWM (24.8 V) akamayikidwa ngati madalaivala a UL Class 2 pamalo owuma ndi achinyezi.

kuipa:

• CCR siyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pomwe kuwala kochepera pansi pa 10 peresenti kumafunikira chifukwa pamafunde otsika kwambiri, ma LED sachita bwino ndipo kuyatsa kumatha kukhala kosasinthika.
• Mayendedwe otsika amatha kupangitsa mtundu wosagwirizana

Chithunzi cha DMX512

Chithunzi cha DMX512 ndi muyezo wa maukonde olumikizirana a digito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuwongolera kuyatsa ndi zotsatira zake. Poyamba idapangidwa ngati njira yokhazikika yowongolera ma dimmers owunikira, omwe, DMX512 isanachitike, idagwiritsa ntchito ma protocol osiyanasiyana osagwirizana. Inakhala njira yoyamba yolumikizira olamulira (monga chowunikira chowunikira) ku dimmers ndi zida zapadera monga makina a chifunga ndi magetsi anzeru.

DMX512 yakulanso kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'kati mwa zisudzo zamkati ndi zomangamanga, pamiyeso yoyambira ku zingwe za nyali za Khrisimasi kupita ku zikwangwani zamagetsi ndi makonsati amasewera kapena mabwalo. Tsopano itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera pafupifupi chilichonse, kuwonetsa kutchuka kwake m'malo osiyanasiyana.

DALI Dimming

Digitally Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) inachokera ku Ulaya ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri kudera limenelo la dziko lapansi. Tsopano ikukhalanso yotchuka kwambiri ku United States. Muyezo wa DALI umalola kuwongolera kwa digito pamakina amunthu payekha kudzera pa njira yolumikizirana yamagetsi yotsika yomwe imatha kutumiza zidziwitso kuzinthu zowunikira ndikulandilanso zambiri kuchokera pazokonza, ndikupangitsa ichi kukhala chida chofunikira chomangira makina owunikira zidziwitso ndikuphatikiza zowongolera. DALI imalola kuthana ndi zosintha zapayokha, ma adilesi ofikira 64 omwe atha kukonzedwa m'magawo 16 olamulira osiyanasiyana. Kuyankhulana kwa DALI sikukhudzidwa ndi polarity, ndipo masinthidwe osiyanasiyana olumikizira ndi kotheka ndi protocol iyi. Chojambula chofananira cha DALI chikuwonetsedwa pansipa:

0/1-10V Dimming

Njira yoyamba komanso yosavuta yowunikira zowunikira zamagetsi, ma dimmers otsika 0-10V, gwiritsani ntchito siginecha yotsika ya 0-10V DC yolumikizidwa ndi magetsi aliwonse a LED kapena Fluorescent ballast. Pa 0 Volts, chipangizocho chidzazimiririka mpaka pamlingo wocheperako wololedwa ndi woyendetsa dimming, ndipo pa 10 Volts chipangizocho chidzagwira ntchito pa 100%. Chithunzi chofananira cha 0-10V mawaya chikuwonetsedwa pansipa:

TRIAC Dimming

TRIAC imayimira Triode for Alternating Current, ndipo ndi switch yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera mphamvu. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito powunikira, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa 'TRIAC dimming'.

Mabwalo a TRIAC amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso ofala kwambiri pamapulogalamu amagetsi a AC. Mabwalowa amatha kusintha ma voltages okwera komanso kuchuluka kwapano m'magawo awiri a mawonekedwe a AC. Ndi zida za semiconductor, zofanana ndi diode.
TRIAC imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ngati njira yochepetsera kuwala muzowunikira zapanyumba ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito ngati mphamvu yowongolera ma mota.

Kutha kwa TRIAC kusintha ma voltages apamwamba kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi osiyanasiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ikhoza kugwira ntchito kuti igwirizane ndi zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku zowongolera kuyatsa. Mabwalo a TRIAC amagwiritsidwa ntchito osati kungowunikira zapakhomo, komabe. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyang'anira mafani ndi ma mota ang'onoang'ono komanso ma AC switching and control applications.
Ngati mukuyang'ana maulamuliro azinthu zambiri, tikutsimikiza kuti mupeza TRIAC njira yopindulitsa.

TRIAC ndi voteji yapamwamba (~ 230v) dimming. Kuyang'ana gawo la TRIAC ku mains anu (pakati pa 100-240v AC), mudzatha kupeza mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.

RF Dimming

Dimming ya wailesi (RF) imagwiritsa ntchito siginecha ya mawayilesi kuti mulumikizane ndi chowongolera cha LED kuti muchepetse mtundu wa nyali zanu za LED.

Bluetooth, WIFI, Zigbee Dimming

Bluetooth ndi mulingo waumisiri waufupi wopanda zingwe womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthanitsa deta pakati pa zida zokhazikika ndi zam'manja pamtunda waufupi pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi a UHF m'magulu a ISM, kuchokera ku 2.402 GHz mpaka 2.48 GHz, ndikumangirira maukonde adera lamunthu (PANs). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ina yolumikizirana ndi mawaya, kusinthanitsa mafayilo pakati pa zida zonyamulika zapafupi ndikulumikiza mafoni am'manja ndi osewera nyimbo okhala ndi mahedifoni opanda zingwe. Munjira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, mphamvu yotumizira imangokhala ma milliwatts a 2.5, kuwapatsa kutalika kwaufupi kwambiri mpaka 10 metres (33 ft).

Wi-Fi kapena WiFi (/ˈwaɪfaɪ/), ndi banja la ma protocol opanda zingwe, kutengera miyezo ya IEEE 802.11, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira zida zam'deralo ndi intaneti, kulola zida zapafupi za digito kuti zisinthane deta ndi mafunde a wailesi. Awa ndi maukonde apakompyuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi m'nyumba ndi m'maofesi ang'onoang'ono kulumikiza makompyuta apakompyuta ndi laputopu, makompyuta apakompyuta, mafoni am'manja, ma TV anzeru, osindikiza, ndi ma speaker anzeru pamodzi ndi rauta opanda zingwe kuti alumikizane nawo. pa intaneti, komanso m'malo opezeka opanda zingwe m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri monga malo ogulitsa khofi, mahotela, malaibulale ndi ma eyapoti kuti apatse anthu mwayi wofikira pa intaneti pazida zam'manja.

Zigbee ndi ndondomeko yozikidwa pa IEEE 802.15.4 ya njira zoyankhulirana zapamwamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maukonde a anthu okhala ndi mawailesi a digito ang'onoang'ono, otsika kwambiri, monga opangira kunyumba, kusonkhanitsa deta pazida zamankhwala, ndi zina zotsika mphamvu. -Zosowa za bandwidth, zopangidwira mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono omwe amafunikira kulumikizana opanda zingwe. Chifukwa chake, Zigbee ndi yamphamvu yotsika, yotsika kwambiri, komanso yoyandikira pafupi (ie, malo anu) opanda zingwe ad hoc network.

Mapeto omaliza

Mizere yonse ya LED imatha kuzimitsidwa. Koma chonde dziwani kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya mzere wotsogola, mzere wotsogola wokhazikika, ndi nthawi zonse panopa anatsogolera mzere. Mzere wotsogola wanthawi zonse uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mzere wotsogolera wa PWM wotuluka! Kwa mikwingwirima ya LED yokhazikika, mutha kusankha PWM kapena CCR yotulutsa siginecha yothira magetsi malinga ndi zosowa za polojekitiyo. Ndipo pali zolowetsa zambiri, monga DMX512, DALI, 0/1-10V, TRIAC, WIFI, Bluetooth, RF, ndi Zigbee.
Mutha kusankha chizindikiro choyenera poganizira za chilengedwe (kuyika, kuyatsa), ntchito, mtengo, ndi kusinthasintha kwa kukulitsa mtsogolo.

LEDYi amapanga apamwamba kwambiri Mizere ya LED ndi neon flex ya LED. Zogulitsa zathu zonse zimadutsa m'ma laboratories apamwamba kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili bwino kwambiri. Kupatula apo, timapereka zosankha makonda pamizere yathu ya LED ndi neon flex. Chifukwa chake, pamzere wapamwamba wa LED ndi LED neon flex, kulumikizana ndi LEDYi POSACHEDWA!